Half Empty, Half Full - An Examination of Subtractive Versus Additive Assessment

In this paper, we present a case study comparing subtractive marking schemes with the more common technique of additive marking. Although often accepted for use in oral language and multiple choice exams, subtractive marking has yet to see serious consideration as an accepted technique for assessing other more common paper exams, particularly Computer Science exams with subjective questions. This paper is presented in a number of sections. After a brief overview of previous investigations in the area, we outline an experiment conducted with real examination papers taken by students at Griffith College Dublin. In this experiment, we mark the same set of papers using both additive and subtractive schemes. We then summarise the differences between the two techniques and identify some of the challenges, advantages and disadvantages of subtractive approaches and also the motivations behind them. We also examine how different types of exam questions affect the difference between additive and subtractive marking and make the argument in favour of subtractive marking as a useful QA technique. Finally, we present the results of a student survey regarding their opinions on subtractive marking in order to gain an insight as to how students feel about the concept and what types of students feel strongly for or against it

Half Empty, Half Full - An Examination of Subtractive Versus Additive Assessment

In this paper, we present a case study comparing subtractive marking schemes with the more common technique of additive marking. Although often accepted for use in oral language and multiple choice exams, subtractive marking has yet to see serious consideration as an accepted technique for assessing other more common paper exams, particularly Computer Science exams with subjective questions. This paper is presented in a number of sections. After a brief overview of previous investigations in the area, we outline an experiment conducted with real examination papers taken by students at Griffith College Dublin. In this experiment, we mark the same set of papers using both additive and subtractive schemes. We then summarise the differences between the two techniques and identify some of the challenges, advantages and disadvantages of subtractive approaches and also the motivations behind them. We also examine how different types of exam questions affect the difference between additive and subtractive marking and make the argument in favour of subtractive marking as a useful QA technique. Finally, we present the results of a student survey regarding their opinions on subtractive marking in order to gain an insight as to how students feel about the concept and what types of students feel strongly for or against it

Coherence between subjective experience and physiology in emotion: Individual differences and implications for well-being.

Emotion theorists have characterized emotions as involving coherent responding across various emotion response systems (e.g., covariation of subjective experience and physiology). Greater response system coherence has been theorized to promote well-being, yet very little research has tested this assumption. The current study examined whether individuals with greater coherence between physiology and subjective experience of emotion report greater well-being. We also examined factors that may predict the magnitude of coherence, such as emotion intensity, cognitive reappraisal, and expressive suppression. Participants (N = 63) completed self-report measures of well-being, expressive suppression, and cognitive reappraisal. They then watched a series of emotionally evocative film clips designed to elicit positive and negative emotion. During the films, participants continuously rated their emotional experience using a rating dial, and their autonomic physiological responses were recorded. Time-lagged cross-correlations were used to calculate within-participant coherence between intensity of emotional experience (ranging from neutral to very negative or very positive) and physiology (composite of cardiac interbeat interval, skin conductance, ear pulse transit time, finger pulse transit time and amplitude, systolic and diastolic blood pressure). Results indicated that individuals with greater coherence reported greater well-being. Coherence was highest during the most emotionally intense film and among individuals who reported lower expressive suppression. However, coherence was not associated with reappraisal. These findings provide support for the idea that greater emotion coherence promotes well-being and also shed light on factors that are associated with the magnitude of coherence. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved)

Global Climate Change in U.S. High School Curricula: Portrayals of the Causes, Consequences, and Potential Responses

Broad misconceptions about global climate change (GCC) could hinder efforts to address this large-scale problem, and curricular materials can play a substantial role in what students learn about GCC. This study examines how U.S. high school textbooks and supplemental curricular materials published between 2007 and 2012 portray the causes, consequences, and potential responses to GCC. Our data included text segments related to these topics in five science textbooks, four social studies textbooks, and eight sets of GCC supplemental materials. To analyze these text segments, we conducted several rounds of coding, first categorizing curricula by their acceptance of the human causes of GCC and then coding relevant text segments on several dimensions related to the consequences of and potential responses to GCC. Findings indicate that (1) about half the curricula portray human activity as a major cause of current climate change, (2) most curricula include information about climatic changes but few details about potentially proximal, near-term impacts of GCC, and (3) most curricula offer a narrow set of strategies for responding to GCC. These findings suggest that educators should critically examine curricular materials they use to teach about GCC and that scholars should continually examine how GCC is portrayed to youth

Building Dialogues Between Medical Student & Autistic Patients: Reflections on the MD program’s Patient Immersion Experience

The Patient Immersion Experience (PIE), part of the MD Program’s longitudinal Physicianship course, pairs medical students with individuals with chronic medical conditions to promote an understanding of the lived experience of illness. In October 2017, medical students AW and SC were matched with patient mentor MF, an autistic person[1] and artist. A year later, in the fall of 2018, MF invited his autistic friend AK to participate in collaborating in developing an “interpretive project”, a required capstone component of PIE organized by faculty-lead, PBM. Transcripts of online Google Doc conversations involving SC, AW, MF and AK, that took place over a 3-month period, were used to create a multimedia learning artifact that was exhibited as part of an annual Patient Appreciation Event organized at the end of the year. Rather than simply focusing on transmission of “information”, with SC and AW (as medical students) asking questions and AK and MF responding to it, a commitment was made to an ongoing mutual exchange of ideas. Four main topics were discussed: 1) the value of open communication with others, 2) how the process of informed consent differs for autistic people, 3) hope for a better future for healthcare, and 4) moving forward. These conversations point to the relationship-enhancing possibilities of open, back-and-forth dialogue as an antidote to monological approaches to medicine, providing insights into ways dialogue can enhance both a sense of agency and relational connections, generate new creative thinking, and promote a more holistic, person-centred approach to healthcare

G254 undergraduate experiment

This paper describes the experiments on payload G254. Each experiment is accommodated in a spacepak and six experiments fly in a full canister. One of the experiments will be housed in a new Isospacepak structure, which will be described briefly. Five of the six experiments have dedicated controllers. The objective of each experiment is discussed. In addition, the operational scenario is provided

Poor caregiver mental health predicts mortality of patients with neurodegenerative disease.

Dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases cause profound declines in functioning; thus, many patients require caregivers for assistance with daily living. Patients differ greatly in how long they live after disease onset, with the nature and severity of the disease playing an important role. Caregiving can also be extremely stressful, and many caregivers experience declines in mental health. In this study, we investigated the role that caregiver mental health plays in patient mortality. In 176 patient-caregiver dyads, we found that worse caregiver mental health predicted greater patient mortality even when accounting for key risk factors in patients (i.e., diagnosis, age, sex, dementia severity, and patient mental health). These findings highlight the importance of caring for caregivers as well as patients when attempting to improve patients' lives

Phase relationships between velocity, wall pressure, and wall shear stress in a forced turbulent boundary layer

A large scale spatio-temporally periodic disturbance was excited in a turbulent boundary layer via a wall-actuated dynamic roughness. Streamwise velocity, wall pressure, and direct wall shear stress measurements were made with a hot wire, pressure microphone, and a micro-scale differential capacitive sensor, respectively. Phase-averaged fields for the three quantities were calculated and analyzed. A phase calibration between the various sensors was performed with an acoustic plane wave tube over a range of operating conditions to validate a direct phase comparison between the respective quantities. Results suggest encouraging agreement between the phase of the wall shear stress and velocity near the wall; however, more refined velocity measurements are needed to make quantitative comparisons to the wall pressure. Overall, this work highlights the potential for wall-based control with applications towards reducing turbulent drag