Fluoride Concentrations In Typical Brazilian Foods And In Infant Foods [concentração De Fluoreto Em Arroz, Feijão E Alimentos Infantis Industrializados]

Objective: To determine fluoride concentrations in the typical Brazilian meal (rice with beans) and in processed infant foods, and to estimate their contribution towards dental fluorosis. Methods: The foods were purchased at supermarkets in the cities of Piracicaba and Campinas, Southeastern Brazil. The processed infant foods were bought in 2001 and the rice and beans in 2003, and they were analyzed immediately. Three brands of rice, three brands of beans and 36 samples of infant foods were analyzed, divided into five groups: ready-to-eat, porridges, formulated foods, powdered milk and others. For the rice and beans, fluoride concentrations were determined in the raw grains and after they were cooked with fluoridated (0.7 ppm) or distilled water. All the fluoride analyses were performed using a specific electrode. A dose of 0.07 mg/kg/day was considered to be the upper limit of fluoride exposure in terms of fluorosis risks. Results: The fluoride concentrations found in the grains of rice and beans were low. However, they increased 100 to 200-fold after cooking in fluoridated water. Even so, they were lower than what is found in some processed foods. A meal of rice and beans prepared with fluoridated water would be responsible for 29% of the threshold dose for fluoride intake in terms of acceptable fluorosis; the contribution from some processed foods reaches 45%. Conclusions: The typical Brazilian food, even when prepared with fluoridated water, is safer in terms of the risk of dental fluorosis than are some processed infant foods.414549556Beltran-Aguilar, E.D., Griffin, S.O., Lockwood, S.A., Prevalence and trends in enamel fluorosis in United States from the 1930s to 1980s (2002) J Am Dent Assoc, 133 (2), pp. 157-165Burt, B.A., The changing patterns of systemic fluoride intake (1992) J Dent Res, 71 (5), pp. 1228-1237Burt, B.A., Trends in caries prevalence in North American children (1994) Int Dent J, 44 (SUPPL. 1), pp. 403-413Buzalaf, M.A., Granjeiro, J.M., Duarte, J.L., Taga, M.L., Fluoride content of infant foods in Brazil and risk of dental fluorosis (2002) ASDC J Dent Child, 69 (2), pp. 196-200Cangussu, M.C., Narvai, P.C., Castellanos Fernandez, R., Djehizian, V., Dental fluorosis in Brazil: A critical review (2002) Cad Saude Publica, 18 (1), pp. 7-15Dabeka, R.W., McKenzie, A.D., Conacher, H.B., Kirkpatrick, D.C., Determination of fluoride in Canadian infant foods and calculation of fluoride intakes by infants (1982) Can J Public Health, 73 (3), pp. 188-191Fejerskov, O., Manji, F., Baelum, V., The nature and mechanisms of dental fluorosis in man (1990) J Dent Res, 69 (SPEC. ISSUE), pp. 692-700Hayacibara, M.F., Queiroz, C.S., Tabchoury, C.P.M., Cury, J.A., Fluoride and aluminum in teas and tea-based beverages (2004) Rev Saude Publica, 38 (1), pp. 100-105Heilman, J.R., Kiritsy, M.C., Levy, S.M., Wefel, J.S., Fluoride concentrations of infant foods (1997) J Am Dent Assoc, 128 (7), pp. 857-863Koparal, E., Ertugrul, F., Oztekin, K., Fluoride levels in breast milk and infant foods (2000) J Clin Pediatr Dent, 24 (4), pp. 299-302Levy, S.M., Kohout, F.J., Guha-Chowohury, N., Kiritsy, M.C., Heilman, J.R., Wefel, J.S., Infants' fluoride intake from drinking water alone, and from added to formula, beverages, and food (1995) J Dent Res, 74 (7), pp. 1399-1407Lima, Y.B.O., Cury, J.A., Ingestão de flúor por crianças pela água e dentifrício (2001) Rev Saúde Pública, 35 (6), pp. 576-581McDonagh MS, Whiting PF, Wilson PM, Sutton AJ, Chestnutt I, Cooper J, et al. Systematic review of water fluoridation. BMJ. 2000;32197265:855-9Mascarenhas, A.K., Risk factors for dental fluorosis: A rewiew of the recent literature (2000) Pediatric Dent, 22 (4), pp. 269-277Narvai, P.C., Frazão, P., Roncalli, G.A., Antunes, J.L.F., Dental caries in Brazil: Decline, polarization, inequality and social exclusion (2006) Rev Panam Salud Publica, 19 (6), pp. 385-393Nishijima, M.T., Koga, H., Maki, Y., Takaesu, Y., A comparison of daily fluoride intakes from food samples in Japan and Brazil (1993) Bull Tokyo Dent Coll, 34 (2), pp. 43-50Paiva, S.M., Lima, Y.B.O., Cury, J.A., Fluoride intake by Brazilian children from two communities with fluoridated water (2003) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 31 (3), pp. 184-191Pendrys, D.G., Katz, R.V., Risk factors for enamel fluorosis in optimally fluoridated children born after the US manufacturers' decision to reduce the fluoride concentration of infant formula (1998) Am J Epidemiol, 148 (10), pp. 967-974Rojas-Sanchez, F., Kelly, S.A., Drake, K.M., Eckert, G.J., Stookey, G.K., Dunipace, A.J., Fluoride intake from foods, beverages and dentifrice by young children in communities with negligibly and optimally fluoridated water a pilot study (1999) Community Dent Oral Epidemiol, 27 (4), pp. 288-297Singer, L., Ophaug, R., Total fluoride intake of infants (1979) Pediatrics, 63 (3), pp. 460-466Taves DR Separation of fluoride by rapid diffusion using hexamethyldisiloxane. Talanta 1968;15(9):969-74Van Winkle, S., Levy, S.M., Kiritsy, M.C., Heilman, J.R., Wefel, J.S., Marshall, T., Water and formula fluoride concentrations: Significance for infants fed formula (1995) Pediatric Dent, 17 (1), pp. 305-31

Comparative In Vitro Study Of Root Roughness After Instrumentation With Ultrasonic And Diamond Tip Sonic Scaler

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the root surface roughness after instrumentation with hand curette and diamond-coated sonic and universal ultrasonic tips. Materials and Methods: Forty root surfaces of human teeth were randomly assigned to four treatment groups: control group (without instrumentation), curette instrumentation, ultrasonic instrumentation with universal tip and sonic instrumentation with diamond-coated tip. Each sample was instrumented with fifteen strokes. Before and after instrumentation, surface roughness was measured. In addition, the root surface topography was examined after treatment under the scanning electron microscope. Results: Significant statistical differences (p0.05). Conclusion: The diamond-coated tip with sonic scaler instrumentation and ultrasonic instrumentation produce similar root surface roughness, higher than curette instrumentation.142124129Auplish, G., Needleman, I.G., Moles, D.R., Newman, H.N., Diamond-coated sonic tips are more efficient for open debridement of molar furcations. A comparative manikin study (2000) J Clin Periodontol, 27 (5), pp. 302-307Axelsson, P., Lindhe, J., The significance of maintenance care in the treatment of periodontal disease (1981) J Clin Periodontol, 8, pp. 281-294Caffesse, R.G., Sweeney, P.L., Smith, B.A., Scaling and root planning with and without periodontal flap Surgery (1986) J Clin Periodontol, 13, pp. 205-210Chapple, I.L., Walmsley, A.D., Saxby, M.S., Moscrop, H., Effect of instrument power setting during ultrasonic scaling upon treatment outcome (1995) J Periodontol, 66 (9), pp. 756-760Copulos, T.A., Low, S.B., Walker, C.B., Trebilcock, Y.Y., Hefti, A.F., Comparative analysis between a modified ultrasonic tip and hand instruments on clinical parameters of periodontal disease (1993) J Periodontol, 64 (8), pp. 694-700Dragoo, M., A clinical evaluation of hand and ultrasonic instruments on subgigival debridment. Part I. With unmodified and modified ultrasonic inserts (1992) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 12, pp. 311-323Drisko, C.L., Cochran, D.L., Blieden, T., Bouwsma, O.J., Cohen, R.E., Damoulis, P., Position paper: Sonic and ultrasonic scalers in periodontics (2000) J Periodontol, 71 (11), pp. 1792-1801. , Research, Science and Therapy Committee of the American Academy of PeriodontologyEschler, B.M., Rapley, J.W., Mechanical and chemical root preparation in vitro: Efficiency of plaque and calculus removal (1991) J Periodontol, 62 (12), pp. 755-760Flemmig, T.F., Petersilka, G.J., Mehl, A., Hickel, R., Klaiber, B., The effect of working parameters on root substance removal using a piezoelectric ultrasonic scaler in vitro (1998) J Clin Periodontol, 25 (2), pp. 158-163Jotikasthira, N.E., Lie, T., Leknes, K.N., Comparative in vitro studies of sonic, ultrasonic and reciprocating scaling instruments (1992) J Clin Periodontol, 19 (8), pp. 560-569Khatiblou, F.A., Ghodossi, A., Root surface smoothness or roughness in periodontal treatment. A clinical study (1983) J Periodontol, 54, pp. 365-367Kishida, M., Sato, S., Ito, K., Effects of a new ultrasonic scaler on.broblast attachment to root surfaces: A scanning electron microscopy analysis (2004) J Periodontal Res, 39, pp. 111-119Kocher, T., Fanghanel, J., Sawaf, H., Lits, R., Substance loss caused by scaling with different sonic scaler inserts - An in vitro study (2001) J Clin Periodontol, 28 (1), pp. 9-15Kocher, T., Gutshe, C., Plagmann, H.C., Instrumentation of furcation with modified sonic scaler inserts: Study on manikins, part I (1998) J Clin Periodontol, 25 (5), pp. 388-393Kocher, T., Plagmann, H.C., The diamond-coated sonic scaler tip. Part II: Loss of substance and alteration of root surface texture after different scaling modalities (1997) Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent, 17 (5), pp. 484-493Kocher, T., Plagmann, H.C., Root debridement of single-rooted teeth with a diamond-coated sonic scaler inserts during flap surgery - A pilot study (1999) J Clin Periodontol, 26 (4), pp. 201-205Kocher, T., Plagmann, H.C., Root debridement of molars with furcation involvement using diamond-coated sonic scaler inserts during flap surgery - A pilot study (1999) J Clin Periodontol, 26 (8), pp. 525-530Kocher, T., Tersic-Orth, Plagmann, H.C., Instrumentation of furcation with modified sonic scaler inserts: Study on manikins, part II (1998) J Clin Periodontol, 25 (6), pp. 451-456Lang, N.P., Indications and rationale for non-surgical periodontal therapy (1983) Int Dent J, 33 (2), pp. 127-136Leknes, K.N., Lie, T., Influence of polishing procedures on sonic scaling root surface roughness (1991) J Periodontol, 62, pp. 659-662Leknes, K.N., Lie, T., Boe, O.E., Selvig, K.A., A correlation study of inflammatory cell mobilization in response to subgingival microbial colonization (1997) J Periodontol, 68, pp. 67-72Leknes, K.N., Lie, T., Wikesjo, U.M., Boe, O.E., Selvig, K.A., Influence of tooth instrumentation roughness on gingival tissue reactions (1996) J Periodontol, 67 (3), pp. 197-204Leknes, K.N., Lie, T., Wikesjo, U.M., Bogle, G.C., Selvig, K.A., Influence of tooth instrumentation roughness on subgingival microbial colonization (1994) J Periodontol, 65, pp. 303-308Lie, T., Leknes, K.N., Evaluation of the effect on root surfaces of air turbine scalers and ultrasonic instrumentation (1985) J Periodontol, 56 (9), pp. 522-531Mierau, H.D., Relations between plaque formation, tooth surface roughness and self-cleaning (1984) Dtsch Zahnarztl Z, 39 (9), pp. 691-698Oberholzer, R., Rateitschak, K.H., Root cleaning or root smoothing. An in vivo study (1996) J Clin Periodontol, 23 (4), pp. 326-330Quirynen, M., Bollen, C.M., The influence of surface roughness and surface-free energy on supra- and subgingival plaque formation in man. A review of the literature (1995) J Clin Periodontol, 22 (1), pp. 1-14Rosenberg, R.M., Ash Jr., M.M., The effect of root roughness on plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation (1974) J Periodontol, 45 (3), pp. 146-150Rosling, B., Nyman, S., Lindhe, J., Jern, B., The healing potential of the periodontal tissues following different techniques of periodontal surgery in plaque-free dentitions. A 2-year clinical study (1976) J Clin Periodontol, 3 (4), pp. 233-250Schmidlin, P.R., Beuchat, M., Busslinger, A., Lehmann, B., Lutz, F., Tooth substance loss resulting from mechanical, sonic and ultrasonic root instrumentation assessed by liquid scintillation (2001) J Clin Periodontol, 28 (11), pp. 1058-106

Salivary Carriage Of Periodontal Pathogens In Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis Families

Background: Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) is a multifactorial disease that shows a specific microbial profile and a familial aggregation. Aim: This study evaluated the salivary microbial profile of families with a history of GAP and compared them with healthy families. Design: Fifteen families with parents presenting periodontal health and 15 with parents with a history of GAP were selected. Each family had a child aged 6-12 years. Stimulated saliva was collected from all subjects, and Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythia (Tf), and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) amounts were determined. Results: Children of GAP families showed higher detection of Aa (90%) than children of healthy families (45%) (P 0.05). Tf amounts did not differ either in parents or in children (P > 0.05) The infection risk calculation indicates that children who have one parent who is positive for Aa have 16.3 times (95% CI 3.1-87.2) more risk of being infected with Aa (P < 0.05) than children from an Aa-negative family. Conclusion: It may be concluded that children of parents with aggressive periodontitis have higher levels and higher risk of Aa infection. © 2013 BSPD, and IAPD John Wiley & Sons A/S.242113121Tonetti, M.S., Mombelli, A., Early-onset periodontitis (1999) Ann Periodontol, 4, pp. 39-53Albandar, J.M., Tinoco, E.M., Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases in children and young persons (2002) Periodontol 2000, 29, pp. 153-176Susin, C., Albandar, J.M., Aggressive periodontitis in an urban population in southern Brazil (2005) J Periodontol, 76, pp. 468-475Nibali, L., Donos, N., Brett, P.M., A familial analysis of aggressive periodontitis - clinical and genetic findings (2008) J Periodontal Res, 43, pp. 627-634Meng, H., Ren, X., Tian, Y., Genetic study of families affected with aggressive periodontitis (2011) Periodontol 2000, 56, pp. 87-101Cortelli, J.R., Cortelli, S.C., Jordan, S., Haraszthy, V.I., Zambon, J.J., Prevalence of periodontal pathogens in Brazilians with aggressive or chronic periodontitis (2005) J Clin Periodontol, 32, pp. 860-866Haubek, D., Ennibi, O.K., Poulsen, K., Benzarti, N., Baelum, V., The highly leukotoxic JP2 clone of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and progression of periodontal attachment loss (2004) J Dent Res, 83, pp. 767-770. , (Epub ahead of print)Casarin, R.C., Ribeiro Edel, P., Mariano, F.S., Nociti Jr., F.H., Casati, M.Z., Gonçalves, R.B., Levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, inflammatory cytokines and species-specific immunoglobulin G in generalized aggressive and chronic periodontitis (2010) J Periodontal Res, 45, pp. 635-642Åberg, C.H., Kwamin, F., Claesson, R., Johansson, A., Haubek, D., Presence of JP2 and Non-JP2 Genotypes of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and attachment loss in adolescents in Ghana (2012) J Periodontol, 83, pp. 1520-1528Van Winkelhoff, A.J., Boutaga, K., Transmission of periodontal bacteria and models of infection (2005) J Clin Periodontol, 32, pp. 16-27Rosa, O.P., da Silva, S.M., Costa, B., Torres, S.A., Passanezi, E., Periodontopathogens in the saliva and subgingival dental plaque of a group of mothers (2002) Pesqui Odontol Bras, 16, pp. 313-318Saito, D., Leonardo, R.T., Rodrigues, J.L., Tsai, S.M., Hofling, J.F., Goncalves, R.B., Identification of bacteria in endodontic infections by sequence analysis of 16S rDNA clone libraries (2006) J Med Microbiol, 55, pp. 101-107Doležel, J., Bartoš, J., Voglmayr, H., Greilhuber, J., Nuclear DNA content and genome size of trout and human (2003) Cytometry, 51, pp. 127-128Armitage, G.C., Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions (1999) Ann Periodontol, 4, pp. 1-6Armitage, G.C., Periodontal diagnoses and classification of periodontal diseases (2004) Periodontol 2000, 34, pp. 9-21Gajardo, M., Silva, N., Gómez, L., Prevalence of periodontopathic bacteria in aggressive periodontitis patients in a Chilean population (2005) J Periodontol, 76, pp. 289-294Rescala, B., Rosalem Jr., W., Teles, R.P., Immunologic and microbiologic profiles of chronic and aggressive periodontitis subjects (2010) J Periodontol, 81, pp. 1308-1316Mombelli, A., Schmid, B., Rutar, A., Lang, N.P., Persistence patterns of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia/nigrescens, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans after mechanical therapy of periodontal disease (2000) J Periodontol, 71, pp. 14-21Kleinfelder, J.W., Müller, R.F., Lange, D.E., Intraoral persistence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in periodontally healthy subjects following treatment of diseased family members (1999) J Clin Periodontol, 26, pp. 583-589Asikainen, S., Chen, C., Alaluusua, S., Slots, J., Can one acquire periodontal bacteria and periodontitis from a family member? (1997) J Am Dent Assoc, 128, pp. 1263-1271Petit, M.D., van Steenbergen, T.J., Scholte, L.M., van der Velden, U., de Graaff, J., Epidemiology and transmission of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans among children and their family members. A report of 4 surveys (1993) J Clin Periodontol, 20, pp. 641-650von Troil-Lindén, B., Saarela, M., Mättö, J., Alaluusua, S., Jousimies-Somer, H., Asikainen, S., Source of suspected periodontal pathogens re-emerging after periodontal treatment (1996) J Clin Periodontol, 23, pp. 601-607van Winkelhoff, A.J., van der Velden, U., de Graaff, J., Microbial succession in recolonizing deep periodontal pockets after a single course of supra- and subgingival debridement (1988) J Clin Periodontol, 15, pp. 116-122Asikainen, S., Alaluusua, S., Saxén, L., Recovery of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans from teeth, tongue, and saliva (1991) J Periodontol, 62, pp. 203-206Gunsolley, J.C., Ranney, R.R., Zambon, J.J., Burmeister, J.A., Schenkein, H.A., Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in families afflicted with periodontitis (1990) J Periodontol, 61, pp. 643-648Van der Velden, U., Periodontal susceptibility (1993) Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd, 100, pp. 36-37Tuite-McDonnell, M., Griffen, A.L., Moeschberger, M.L., Dalton, R.E., Fuerst, P.A., Leys, E.J., Concordance of Porphyromonas gingivalis colonization in families (1997) J Clin Microbiol, 35, pp. 455-461Haubek, D., Ismaili, Z., Poulsen, S., Ennibi, O.K., Benzarti, N., Baelum, V., Association between sharing of toothbrushes, eating and drinking habits and the presence of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in Moroccan adolescents (2005) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 20, pp. 195-198Rotimi, V.O., Salako, N.O., Divia, M., Asfour, L., Kononen, E., Prevalence of periodontal bacteria in saliva of Kuwaiti children at different age groups (2010) J Infect Public Health, 3, pp. 76-82Tamura, K., Nakano, K., Hayashibara, T., Distribution of 10 periodontal bacteria in saliva samples from Japanese children and their mothers (2006) Arch Oral Biol, 51, pp. 371-377Cortelli, J.R., Aquino, D.R., Cortelli, S.C., Etiological analysis of initial colonization of periodontal pathogens in oral cavity (2008) J Clin Microbiol, 46, pp. 1322-1329Mayanagi, G., Sato, T., Shimauchi, H., Takahashi, N., Detection requency of periodontitis-associated bacteria by polymerase chain reaction in subgingival andsupragingival plaque of periodontitis and healthy subjects (2004) Oral Microbiol Immunol, 19, pp. 379-385Riep, B., Edesi-Neuss, L., Claessen, F., Are putative periodontal pathogens reliable diagnostic markers? (2009) J Clin Microbiol, 47, pp. 1705-1711Tan, K.S., Song, K.P., Ong, G., Bacteroides forsythus prtH genotype in periodontitis patients: occurrence and association with 384 Mayanagi periodontal disease (2001) J Periodontal Res, 36, pp. 398-403Könönen, E., Paju, S., Pussinen, P.J., Population-based study of salivary carriage of periodontal pathogens in adults (2007) J Clin Microbiol, 45, pp. 2446-2451Saygun, I., Nizam, N., Keskiner, I., Salivary infectious agents and periodontal disease status (2011) J Periodontal Res, 46, pp. 235-239Haubek, D., Ennibi, O.K., Vaeth, M., Poulsen, S., Poulsen, K., Stability of the JP2 clone of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (2009) J Dent Res, 88, pp. 856-86

Hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium Phosphate And Enamel Matrix Derivative For Treatment Of Proximal Class Ii Furcation Defects: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Objective To clinically evaluate proximal furcations treated with hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate (HA/β-TCP) isolated or combined with enamel matrix derivative (EMD). Material and Methods Thirty patients, presenting at least one proximal class II furcation defect, probing pocket depth (PPD) ≥5 mm and bleeding on probing, were included. The defects were assigned to the HA/β-TCP group (n = 15); open-flap debridement (OFD) + HA/β-TCP filling, or, HA/β-TCP-EMD group (n = 15); OFD + HA/β-TCP + EMD filling. Plaque (PI) and gingival index (GI), PPD, relative gingival margin position (RGMP), vertical and horizontal attachment level (RVAL and RHAL), vertical and horizontal bone level (RVBL and RHBL), and furcation diagnosis were evaluated at baseline and at 6 months. Results Both groups presented improvements after therapies (p 0.05). At 6 months, the gains in rVCAL in the HA/β-TCP and HA/β-TCP-EMD groups were 1.47 ± 0.99 and 2.10 ± 0.87 mm, while the RHCAL gains were 1.47 ± 1.46 and 1.57 ± 1.58 mm (p > 0.05). The RVBL and RHBL gains for the HA/β-TCP and HA/β-TCP-EMD group were 1.47 ± 1.13 and 1.70 ± 1.26 mm, and 1.90 ± 1.11 and 1.70 ± 1.37 mm respectively (p > 0.05). The HA/β-TCP-EMD group showed seven closed furcations versus four in the HA/β-TCP group (p > 0.05). Conclusion Both treatments lead to improvements in all clinical variables studied in the present trial. However, the closure of proximal class II furcation defects is still unpredictable. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.403252259Aguero, A., Garnick, J.J., Keagle, J., Steflik, D.E., Thompson, W.O., Histological location of a standardized periodontal probe in man (1995) Journal of Periodontology, 66, pp. 184-190Ainamo, J., Bay, I., Problems and proposals for recording gingivitis and plaque (1975) International Dental Journal, 25, pp. 229-235Anderegg, C.R., Alexander, D.C., Freidman, M., A bioactive glass particulate in the treatment of molar furcation invasions (1999) Journal of Periodontology, 70, pp. 384-387Armitage, G.C., Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions (1999) Annals of Periodontology, 4, pp. 1-6Armitage, G.C., Svanberg, G.K., Löe, H., Microscopic evaluation of clinical measurements of connective tissue attachment levels (1977) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 4, pp. 173-190Avera, J.B., Camargo, P.M., Klokkevold, P.R., Kenney, E.B., Lekovic, V., Guided tissue regeneration in class II furcation involved maxillary molars: A controlled study of 8 split-mouth cases (1998) Journal of Periodontology, 69, pp. 1020-1026Bowers, G.M., Schallhorn, R.G., McCkain, P.K., Morgan, R., Reynolds, M.A., Factors influencing the outcome of regenerative therapy in mandibular class II furcations: Part i (2003) Journal of Periodontology, 74, pp. 1255-1268Carranza, F.A., Jolkovsky, D.L., Current status of periodontal therapy for furcation involvements (1991) Dental Clinics of North America, 35, pp. 555-570Casarin, R.C., Ribeiro, E.D.P., Nociti, Jr.F.H., Sallum, A.W., Sallum, E.A., Ambrosano, G.M., Casati, M.Z., A double-blind randomized clinical evaluation of enamel matrix derivative proteins for the treatment of proximal class-II furcation involvements (2008) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 35, pp. 429-437Casarin, R.C., Ribeiro, E.D.P., Ribeiro, F.V., Nociti, Jr.F.H., Sallum, A.W., Sallum, E.A., Casati, M.Z., Influence of anatomic features on the effectiveness of enamel matrix derivative proteins in the treatment of proximal class II furcation involvements (2009) Quintessence International, 40, pp. 753-761Casarin, R.C.V., Ribeiro, E.D.P., Nociti, Jr.F.H., Sallum, A.W., Ambrosano, G.M.B., Sallum, E.A., Casati, M.Z., Enamel matrix derivative proteins for the treatment of proximal class II furcation involvements: A prospective 24-month randomized clinical trial (2010) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 37, pp. 1100-1109Chitsazi, M.T., Farahani, R.M., Pourabbas, M., Bahaeddin, N., Efficacy of open flap debridement with and without enamel matrix derivatives in the treatment of mandibular degree II furcation involvement (2007) Clinical Oral Investigation, 11, pp. 385-389Donos, N., Glavind, L., Karring, T., Sculean, A., Clinical evaluation of an enamel matrix derivative in the treatment of mandibular degree II furcation involvement: A 36-month case series (2003) International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 23, pp. 507-512Garnick, J.J., Keagle, J.G., Searle, J.R., King, G.E., Thompson, W.O., Gingival resistance to probing forces. II. The effect of inflammation and pressure on probe displacement in beagle dog gingivitis (1989) Journal of Periodontology, 60, pp. 498-505Garnick, J.J., Spray, J.R., Vernino, D.M., Klawitter, J.J., Demonstration of probes in human periodontal pockets (1980) Journal of Periodontology, 51, pp. 563-570Gurinsky, B.S., Mills, M.P., Mellonig, J.T., Clinical evaluation of demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft and enamel matrix derivative versus enamel matrix derivative alone for the treatment of periodontal osseous defects in humans (2004) Journal of Periodontology, 75, pp. 1309-1318Hammarström, L., Enamel matrix cementum development and regeneration (1997) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 24, pp. 658-659Hamp, S.E., Nyman, S., Lindhe, J., Periodontal treatment of multirooted teeth. Results after 5 years (1975) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 2, pp. 126-135Harrel, S.K., Nunn, M.E., Longitudinal comparison of the periodontal status of patients with moderate to severe periodontal disease receiving no treatment, non-surgical treatment and surgical treatment utilizing individual sites for analysis (2001) Journal of Periodontology, 11, pp. 1509-1519Hashimoto-Uoshima, M., Ishikawa, I., Kinoshita, A., Weng, H.T., Oda, S., Clinical and histologic observation of replacement of biphasic calcium phosphate by bone tissue in monkeys (1995) International Journal of Periodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 15, pp. 205-213Horwitz, J., MacHtei, E.E., Reitmeir, P., Holle, R., Kim, T.S., Eickholz, P., Radiographic parameters as prognostic indicators for healing of class II furcation defects (2004) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 31, pp. 105-111Huynh-Ba, G., Kuonen, P., Hofer, D., Lang, N.P., Salvi, G.E., The effect of periodontal therapy on the survival rate and incidence of complications of multirooted teeth with furcation involvement after an observation period of at least 5 years: A systematic review (2009) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 36, pp. 164-176Isidor, F., Karring, T., Attström, R., Reproducibility of pocket depth and attachment level measurements when using a flexible splint (1984) Journal of Clinical Periodontology, 11, pp. 662-668Jepsen, S., Heinz, B., Jepsen, K., Arjomand, M., Hoffmann, T., Richter, S., Reich, E., Meyle, J., Treatment of buccal class II 75 furcation involvement in mandibular molars. 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Apexification With A New Intra-canal Medicament: A Multidisciplinary Case Report

Dental trauma generally requires multidisciplinary planning and treatment for good prognosis. When immature teeth are traumatized to a degree where pulp necrosis ensues, the objective of root canal treatment should be apexogenesis and root maturation. Apexification of the root is the conventional choice, which involves cleaning the canal and filling it with a temporary medication that stimulates the formation of a calcific apical barrier. Dental Trauma Service of Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazil employs a dressing for apexification treatments with calcium hydroxide, chlorhexidine gel 2% and zinc oxide. This paper reports the case of a dental trauma of the maxillary central incisors and subluxation on teeth 11, 12 and 21 that were treated with multidisciplinary collaboration (Endodontics, Periodontology and Operative Dentistry) to improve prognosis. After five-years there were no pathological conditions and the teeth showed every evidences of success.73165170Perheentupa, U., Laukkanen, P., Veijola, J., Joukamaa, M., Järvelin, M.R., Laitinen, J., Oikarinen, K., Increased lifetime prevalence of dental trauma is associated with previous non-dental injuries, mental distress and high alcohol consumption (2001) Dent Traumatol, 17 (1), pp. 10-16Fasciglione, D., Persic, R., Pohl, Y., Filippi, A., Dental injuries in inline skating - level of information and prevention (2007) Dent Traumatol, 23 (3), pp. 143-148Ertugrul, F., Eden, E., Ilgenli, T., Multidiciplinary treatment of complicated subgingivally fractured permanent central incisors: Two case reports (2008) Dent Traumatol, 24 (6), pp. 61-66Navabazam, A., Farahani, S.S., Prevalence of traumatic injuries to maxillary permanent teeth in 9- to 14-year-old school children in Yazd (2010) Iran. Dent Traumatol, 26, pp. 154-177Selden, H.S., Apexification: An interesting case (2002) J Endod, 28 (1), pp. 44-45Villa, P., Fernández, R., Apexification of a replanted tooth using mineral trioxide aggregate (2005) Dent Traumatol, 21 (5), pp. 306-308Martin, R.L., Monticelli, F., Brackett, W.W., Loushine, R.J., Rockman, R.A., Ferrari, M., Pashley, D.H., Tay, F.R., Sealing properties of mineral trioxide aggregate orthograde apical plugs and root fillings in an in vitro apexification model (2007) J Endod, 33 (3), pp. 272-275Jacobovitz, M., de Pontes Lima, R.K., The use of calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate on apexification of a replanted tooth: A case report (2009) Dent Traumatol, 25 (3), pp. 32-36Chhabra, N., Singbal, K.P., Kamat, S., Successful apexification with resolution of the periapical lesion using mineral trioxide aggregate and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft (2010) J Conserv Dent, 13 (2), pp. 106-109Chung, H., Kim, M., Yang, W., Ko, H., An interesting healing outcome of a replanted immature permanent tooth: A case report (2011) Dent Traumatol, 27 (1), pp. 77-80Huang, G.T., Apexification: The beginning of its end (2009) Int Endod J, 42 (10), pp. 855-866Andreasen, J.O., Farik, B., Munksgaard, E.C., Long-termcalciumhydroxide as a root canal dressing may increase the risk of root fracture (2002) Dent Traumatol, 18, pp. 134-137Rafter, M., Apexification: A review (2005) Dent Traumatol, 21 (1), pp. 1-8Souza-Filho, F.J., Soares Ade, J., Vianna, M.E., Zaia, A.A., Ferraz, C.C., Gomes, B.P., Antimicrobial effect and pH of chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide alone and associated with other materials (2008) Braz Dent J, 19 (1), pp. 28-33Leroy, R.L., Aps, J.K., Raes, F.M., Martens, L.C., de Boever, J.A., A multidisciplinary treatment approach to a complicated maxillary dental trauma: A case report (2000) Endod Dent Traumatol, 16 (3), pp. 138-142Bindo, T.Z., de Morais, E.C., de Campos, E.A., Gonzaga, C.C., Correr, G.M., Baratto-Filho, F., Multidisciplinary approach of a crown-root fracture using intentional replantation: A case report (2010) Pediatr Dent, 32 (5), pp. 428-432Thibodeau, B., Teixeira, F., Yamauchi, M., Caplan, D.J., Trope, M., Pulp revascularization of immature dog teeth with apical periodontitis (2007) J Endod, 33 (6), pp. 680-689Friedlander, L.T., Cullinan, M.P., Love, R.M., Dental stem cells and their potential role in apexogenesis and apexification (2009) Int Endod J, 42 (11), pp. 955-962Kim, J.H., Kim, Y., Shin, S.J., Park, J.W., Jung, I.Y., Tooth discoloration of immature permanent incisor associated with triple antibiotic therapy: A case report (2010) J Endod, 36 (6), pp. 1086-1091Reynolds, K., Johnson, J.D., Cohenca, N., Pulp revascularization of necrotic bilateral bicuspidsusing a modified novel technique to eliminate potential coronal discolouration: A case report (2009) Int Endod, 42 (1), pp. 84-92Soares, A.J., Souza-Filho, Traumatized teeth submitted to a new intracanal medication protocol (2011) Brazilian Journal of Dental Traumatol, 2 (2), pp. 1-5Gomes, B.P.F.A., Montagner, F., Berber, V.B., Zaia, A.A., Ferraz, C.C.R., Almeida, J.F.A., Souza-Filho, F.J., Antimicrobial action of intracanal medicaments on the external root surface (2009) J Dent, 37, pp. 37-81Soares, A.J., Vianna, M.E., Gomes, B.P.F.A., Zaia, A.A., Ferraz, C.C.R., Souza-Filho, F.J., Evaluation antimicrobial activity and ph of intracanal medicament to be used in traumatized teeth [abstract 154] (2004) Braz J Oral Sci, 3 (10), p. 55

Two different antibiotic protocols as adjuncts to one‐stage full‐mouth ultrasonic debridement to treat generalized aggressive periodontitis: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial

To assess the clinical and microbiological responses of amoxicillin + metronidazole (AMX + MET) versus clarithromycin (CLM) as adjuncts to one-stage full-mouth ultrasonic debridement (FMUD) in the treatment of generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP). METHODS: For this parallel, double-masked, pilot randomized clinical trial, 46 patients with GAgP were selected and randomly assigned into two groups: AMX+MET group (n = 23): FMUD associated with AMX (500 mg three times a day) and MET (400 mg three times a day) for 7 days; and CLM group (n = 23): FMUD associated with CLM (500 mg twice a day) for 7 days. Clinical parameters were evaluated at baseline, 3, and 6 months post-treatment. The levels of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum from subgingival biofilm were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Both treatments significantly improved all clinical parameters compared with baseline and promoted a significant reduction of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis counts (P > 0.05). CLM succeeded in decreasing T. forsythia at 6 months (P  0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that CLM is not superior than AMX + MET in the treatment of GAgP. However, this antibiotic led to good clinical outcomes and may be a possible alternative to AMX+MET in the treatment of severe periodontitis in young patients. Future studies with larger sample sizes are needed to confirm this statement (NCT02969928)901214311440CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO - CNPQFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESP301102/2016- 32014/22078-4; 2018/02161-