An interleukin-33/ST2 signaling deficiency reduces overt pain-like behaviors in mice

Interleukin (IL)-33, the most recent member of the IL family of cytokines, signals through the ST2 receptor. IL-33/ST2 signaling mediates antigen challenge-induced mechanical hyperalgesia in the joints and cutaneous tissues of immunized mice. The present study asked whether IL-33/ST2 signaling is relevant to overt pain-like behaviors in mice. Acetic acid and phenyl-p-benzoquinone induced significant writhing responses in wild-type (WT) mice; this overt nociceptive behavior was reduced in ST2-deficient mice. In an antigen-challenge model, ST2-deficient immunized mice had reduced induced flinch and licking overt pain-like behaviors. In the formalin test, ST2-deficient mice also presented reduced flinch and licking responses, compared with WT mice. Naive WT and ST2-deficient mice presented similar responses in the rota-rod, hot plate, and electronic von Frey tests, indicating no impairment of motor function or alteration in basal nociceptive responses. The results demonstrate that IL-33/ST2 signaling is important in the development of overt pain-like behaviors

Estudos sobre o efeito de doses crescentes de cloreto na soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) em solução nutritiva: I. crescimento e produção

Three soybean varieties, IAC-2; UFV-1 and Viçoja, were grown in nutrient solution in the presence of both several levels of CI-(as NaCl and KCl) and two Ca+ concentrations (supplied as calcium sulphate). The following main conclusions were drawn: 1) Cl- toxicity, higher when accompanying iom was K+, affected yield formation more than vegetative growth; 2) there were differences in response among the three cultivars, Viçoja being relatively more tolerant; 3) raising the calcium level in the medium contributed to diminish the harmful effect due to excess cloride.Foi estudado, em solução nutritiva,o efeito de doses crescentes de Cl- no crescimento de três variedades de soja, IAC-2, UFV-1 e Viçoja. Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre variedades e fontes de Cl- (KCl e NaCl). O aumento na concentração de Ca+2 no meio (fornecido como CaSO4) diminuiu o dano causado pela concentração excessiva de cloreto nas três variedades

Estudos sobre a nutrição mineral do sorgo granífero: VI. absorção de fosfato por raizes destacadas de plantas de três variedades comerciais

Experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of time external concentration, pH, temperature, aeration and inhibitors (KF, KCN and 2,4-DNP) on the phosphate absorption by the excised roots of grain Sorghum bicolor L. Moench var. Contibrasil 102, DeKalb and Tey-101, using 32P as tracer.Foi estudada a absorção de fosfato marcado com 32P por raizes destacadas de três variedades de sorgo granífero. A influência do tempo, concentração iônica externa, pH, aeração, venenos respiratórios e desacopladores de fosforilação oxidativa foi considerada; o estudo da cinéstica da absorção mostrou diferenças entre as variedades nos parâmetros michaelianos