Engineering prediction of turbulent skin friction and heat transfer in high-speed flow

A large collection of experimental turbulent-skin-friction and heat-transfer data for flat plates and cones was used to determine the most accurate of six of the most popular engineering-prediction methods; the data represent a Mach number range from 4 to 13 and ratio of wall to total temperature ranging from 0.1 to 0.7. The Spalding and Chi method incorporating virtual-origin concepts was found to be the best prediction method for Mach numbers less than 10; the limited experimental data for Mach numbers greater than 10 were not well predicted by any of the engineering methods except the Coles method

Between Structure and Agency: Assassination, Social Forces, and the Production of the Criminal Subject

Assassins are often regarded as ahistorical figures of evil. In this article, I contest this view by analyzing the assassination of President William McKinley by Leon Czolgosz in 1901. There are two purposes to this article. The first is to situate McKinley’s assassination within the history and development of the social sciences, principally sociology, rather than assume that the assassin is a trans-historical representation of willful irresponsibility. The second is to describe and critique the discourse that made Czolgosz into a rational agent once he entered history as an assassin

Who Has the Body? The Paths to Habeas Corpus Reform

The purpose of this article is to place the Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA) of 1996 within a political and historical framework that describes the effort by the Supreme Court and various interested parties to restrict prisoners’ access to the federal courts by way of habeas corpus. Of principal concern here is how an act of terrorism against the United States provides an opportunity for Congress to restrict death row prisoners from obtaining habeas corpus review. Along with an analysis of Supreme Court decisions, three attempts to limit federal habeas corpus review for state prisoners from the late 1980s to the middle 1990s are described, all of which helped Congress to pass the AEDPA, a law that ratified the Supreme Court’s most restrictive habeas corpus decisions dating back some 35 years

Transit Connector: A Study of Cargo Terminals for United States Shipping Lines, Inc.

The most costly factor in modern shipping is the quantity of time involved in the discharging and loading of cargo. The earning capacity of a ship depends largely on the rapidity of its turn-around or the number of voyages it can make in a year, and the turn-around can be increased to a large extent only by preventing delay in port. For a successful operation the ship\u27s time in port must be as brief as possible. Whether at sea or in port, all the major items of expense, with the exception of fuel consumption, continue day in and out. Major operating expenses such as the crew\u27s wages, the officer\u27s salaries, and subsistence for the ship\u27s company must be paid for every day. Other items of expense while the ship is in port include the fuel required to operate winches, dynamos, and other machinery on board, and to keep the ship heated in the winter. Each day represents an outlay of money with no compensating income from freight moneys. In addition the ship\u27s company must be concerned with the overhead charges of insurance, interest on capital, and depreciation, which all mount to a considerable sum per day

Experiments with hypersonic turbulent boundary layers on flat plates and delta wings

Hypersonic turbulent boundary layers on flat plates and delta wing

Different Melting Behavior in Pentane and Heptane Monolayers on Graphite; Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Molecular dynamics simulations are utilized to study the melting transition in pentane (C5H12) and heptane (C7H16), physisorbed onto the basal plane of graphite at near-monolayer coverages. Through use of the newest, optimized version of the anisotropic united-atom model (AUA4) to simulate both systems at two separate coverages, this study provides evidence that the melting transition for pentane and heptane monolayers are significantly different. Specifically, this study proposes a very rapid transition from the solid crystalline rectangular-centered (RC) phase to a fluid phase in pentane monolayers, whereas heptane monolayers exhibit a slower transition that involves a more gradual loss of RC order in the solid-fluid phase transition. Through a study of the melting behavior, encompassing variations where the formation of gauche defects in the alkyl chains are eliminated, this study proposes that this gradual melting behavior for heptane monolayers is a result of less orientational mobility of the heptane molecules in the solid RC phase, as compared to the pentane molecules. This idea is supported through a study of a nonane monolayer, which gives the gradual melting signature that heptane monolayers also seem to indicate. The results of this work are compared to previous experiment over pentane and heptane monolayers, and are found to be in good agreement

Caring to Death: Health Care Professionals and Capital Punishment

The aim of this article is to describe the role of health care professionals in the capital punishment process. The relationship between the protocol of capital punishment in the United States and the use of health care professionals to carry out that task has been overlooked in the literature on punishment. Yet for some time, the operation of the medical sciences in prison have been `part of a disciplinary strategy\u27 `intrinsic to the development of power relationships\u27. Many capital punishment statutes require medical personnel to be present at, if not actively involved in, executions. Through analyses of these statutes, show the degree to which these professionals have become part of the state\u27s executive apparatus

Breaking Bodies Into Pieces: Time, Torture and Bio-Power

This article is an attempt to comprehend the bureaucratic phenomenon of the deathwatch, the last 24 hours of a prisoner’s life, stressing the theoretical applications scholars can make to the study of docile bodies on death row. Because years of work are necessary to obtain obedience from condemned inmates, health care professionals lend more than an aura of legitimacy to the capital punishment process. As an integral part of the prison and capital punishment, they provide stability, reliability, and the means to achieve the goals of peaceful executions. The ultimate objective of utilizing health care professionals is the sanitization of penal practice and penal language to effect the complete absence of resistance from the condemned