Planilhas para cálculos analíticos e avaliação de parâmetros utilizados na classificação de solos no Brasil.

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Decoherence, pointer engineering and quantum state protection

We present a proposal for protecting states against decoherence, based on the engineering of pointer states. We apply this procedure to the vibrational motion of a trapped ion, and show how to protect qubits, squeezed states, approximate phase eigenstates and superpositions of coherent states.Comment: 1 figur

Costs and Benefits of Privatization: Evidence from Brazil

Although the Brazilian privatization program has been a sweeping endeavor involving more than 100 firms and billions of dollars, most of the studies have been published only in Brazil, and in Portuguese. This paper is the most comprehensive study to date in terms of the companies covered, and includes the most recent data. It looks at the results of privatization in Brazil for a broad range of economic variables to answer the question: Has the widespread popular discontent with the program been justified? The paper also examines the effects of privatization on aspects that affect the development of financial markets, including minority shareholder rights. It concludes with recommendations for democratizing capital ownership through public offers in which workers would be entitled to participate using public sector liabilities such as FGTS deposits.

Introducao e avaliacao da Gliricidia sepium na regiao semi-arida do Nordeste brasileiro.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a potencialidade de gliricídia e relatar a sua introdução no Semi-Árido do Nordeste brasileiro pela Embrapa Semi-Árido.

Ensaio de espécies florestais no planalto do Tapajós.

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Translational research into gut microbiota: new horizons on obesity treatment: updated 2014

Obesity is currently a pandemic of worldwide proportions affecting millions of people. Recent studies have proposed the hypothesis that mechanisms not directly related to the human genome could be involved in the genesis of obesity, due to the fact that, when a population undergoes the same nutritional stress, not all individuals present weight gain related to the diet or become hyperglycemic. The human intestine is colonized by millions of bacteria which form the intestinal flora, known as gut flora. Studies show that lean and overweight human may present a difference in the composition of their intestinal flora; these studies suggest that the intestinal flora could be involved in the development of obesity. Several mechanisms explain the correlation between intestinal flora and obesity. The intestinal flora would increase the energetic extraction of non-digestible polysaccharides. In addition, the lipopolysaccharide from intestinal flora bacteria could trigger a chronic sub-clinical inflammatory process, leading to obesity and diabetes. Another mechanism through which the intestinal flora could lead to obesity would be through the regulation of genes of the host involved in energy storage and expenditure. In the past five years data coming from different sources established causal effects between intestinal microbiota and obesity/insulin resistance, and it is clear that this area will open new avenues of therapeutic to obesity, insulin resistance and DM2.Obesity is currently a pandemic of worldwide proportions affecting millions of people. Recent studies have proposed the hypothesis that mechanisms not directly related to the human genome could be involved in the genesis of obesity, due to the fact that, when a population undergoes the same nutritional stress, not all individuals present weight gain related to the diet or become hyperglycemic. The human intestine is colonized by millions of bacteria which form the intestinal flora, known as gut flora. Studies show that lean and overweight human may present a difference in the composition of their intestinal flora; these studies suggest that the intestinal flora could be involved in the development of obesity. Several mechanisms explain the correlation between intestinal flora and obesity. The intestinal flora would increase the energetic extraction of non-digestible polysaccharides. In addition, the lipopolysaccharide from intestinal flora bacteria could trigger a chronic sub-clinical inflammatory process, leading to obesity and diabetes. Another mechanism through which the intestinal flora could lead to obesity would be through the regulation of genes of the host involved in energy storage and expenditure. In the past five years data coming from different sources established causal effects between intestinal microbiota and obesity/insulin resistance, and it is clear that this area will open new avenues of therapeutic to obesity, insulin resistance and DM259215416

Desenvolvimento sustentado da caatinga.

Neste trabalho esta sendo proposto o desenvolvimento de alternativas tecnologicas que permitam o manejo sustentado da vegetacao da caatinga, com o objetivo de evitar a degradacao ambiental e promover a recuperacao da produtividade agricola e pecuaria em niveis economicos e ecologicos. A manipulacao da vegetacao, atraves do raleamento, do rebaixamento, do raleamento-rebaixamento e do enriquecimento, pode aumentar a disponibilidade de forragem em ate 800% e a producao animal em ate 1500%. A sustentabilidade da producao agricola em condicoes tropicais sera obtida com sua fixacao, substituindo-se as praticas atuais de manejo da pecuaria, tais como o banco rocado. O manejo da vegetacao da caatinga com vistas a obtencao de produtos nao madereiro, ainda e incipiente,e e fundamental se as demandas por lenha, carvao, estacas, moiroes e outros produtos forem atendidas.bitstream/item/36462/1/CT-13.pd

Disponibilidade de fitomassa do estrato herbáceo de uma caatinga raleada submetida ao pastejo alternado ovino-caprino.

O trabalho foi realizado no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caprinos - CNPC/Embrapa, Sobral Estado do CE, de 1988 a 1994, com o objetivo de avaliar a disponibilidade de matéria seca do estrato herbáceo de uma Caatinga raleada, submetida ao pastejo alternado ovino-caprino. Foram utilizadas fêmeas ovinas Morada Nova e caprinas SRD (Sem Raça Definida) que, em grupos de 10, foram distribuídas em piquetes de 4, 6 e 8 ha. Foi avaliada a disponibilidade de matéria seca de gramíneas e dicotiledôneas herbáceas. O delineamento adotado foi em parcelas subdivididas, com 2 blocos e tratamentos em esquema fatorial cruzado de 3 x 19 (3 taxas de lotação nas parcelas e 19 épocas do ano como subparcelas). A disponibilidade de matéria seca do estrato herbáceo aumentou nas primeiras épocas de ocupação por ovinos, seguida de tendência de queda, com restabelecimento nas épocas iniciais da ocupação por caprinos. A disponibilidade de matéria seca de gramíneas diminuiu com o pastejo de ovinos e se restabeleceu com o de caprinos. Já a disponibilidade de matéria seca de dicotiledôneas aumentou durante o pastejo de ovinos e diminuiu durante o de caprinos. A disponibilidade e a composição florística da matéria seca do estrato herbáceo da Caatinga raleada podem ser controladas mediante o pastejo alternado ovino-caprino, garantindo, ao longo dos anos a estabilização da produção de gramíneas e dicotiledôneas herbáceas, tornando-se, possivelmente, na forma mais adequada de exploração pastoril sustentada deste componente florístico. Standing phytomass availability of the herbaceous cover of Caatinga raleada subjected to alternate grazing by sheep and goats. Abstract: The experiment was carried out at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caprinos, in Sobral, Ceará State, Brazil, from 1988 to 1994, with objective of determining the dry matter availability of the herbaceous forages (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous) of a thinned Caatinga subjected to alternate grazing by sheep and goat. Morada Nova ewes and SRD nanny goats were used, grouped by tens and were distributed in 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 ha paddocks. Annual fluctuations on the availability of dry matter of grass and of forbs, as affected by grazing, were evaluated. A split plot design arranged in randomized form with two repetitions (blocks) and treatments in factorial of 3 x 19 (3 stocking rates in the plots and 19 periods in the sub-plots) was applied. The availability of the herbaceous cover dry matter increased in the first periods of stocking with sheep, followed by a declining trend and recovering in the first periods of stocking with goats. The grass phytomass availability decreased with grazing by sheep and it was reestablished under goat grazing. However, the forb phytomas increased with utilization by sheep and decreased under goat grazing. Therefore, the availability and the floristic composition of the herbaceous cover of a thinned Caatinga could be controlled by the using of alternate sheep and goat grazing, warranting the stabilization of the production of grasses and forbs, and becoming one alternative of sustainable utilization of those floristic components of the Caatinga bioma.Parte da Dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor - Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)