Introducao e avaliacao da Gliricidia sepium na regiao semi-arida do Nordeste brasileiro.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo caracterizar a potencialidade de gliricídia e relatar a sua introdução no Semi-Árido do Nordeste brasileiro pela Embrapa Semi-Árido.

Translational research into gut microbiota: new horizons on obesity treatment: updated 2014

Obesity is currently a pandemic of worldwide proportions affecting millions of people. Recent studies have proposed the hypothesis that mechanisms not directly related to the human genome could be involved in the genesis of obesity, due to the fact that, when a population undergoes the same nutritional stress, not all individuals present weight gain related to the diet or become hyperglycemic. The human intestine is colonized by millions of bacteria which form the intestinal flora, known as gut flora. Studies show that lean and overweight human may present a difference in the composition of their intestinal flora; these studies suggest that the intestinal flora could be involved in the development of obesity. Several mechanisms explain the correlation between intestinal flora and obesity. The intestinal flora would increase the energetic extraction of non-digestible polysaccharides. In addition, the lipopolysaccharide from intestinal flora bacteria could trigger a chronic sub-clinical inflammatory process, leading to obesity and diabetes. Another mechanism through which the intestinal flora could lead to obesity would be through the regulation of genes of the host involved in energy storage and expenditure. In the past five years data coming from different sources established causal effects between intestinal microbiota and obesity/insulin resistance, and it is clear that this area will open new avenues of therapeutic to obesity, insulin resistance and DM2.Obesity is currently a pandemic of worldwide proportions affecting millions of people. Recent studies have proposed the hypothesis that mechanisms not directly related to the human genome could be involved in the genesis of obesity, due to the fact that, when a population undergoes the same nutritional stress, not all individuals present weight gain related to the diet or become hyperglycemic. The human intestine is colonized by millions of bacteria which form the intestinal flora, known as gut flora. Studies show that lean and overweight human may present a difference in the composition of their intestinal flora; these studies suggest that the intestinal flora could be involved in the development of obesity. Several mechanisms explain the correlation between intestinal flora and obesity. The intestinal flora would increase the energetic extraction of non-digestible polysaccharides. In addition, the lipopolysaccharide from intestinal flora bacteria could trigger a chronic sub-clinical inflammatory process, leading to obesity and diabetes. Another mechanism through which the intestinal flora could lead to obesity would be through the regulation of genes of the host involved in energy storage and expenditure. In the past five years data coming from different sources established causal effects between intestinal microbiota and obesity/insulin resistance, and it is clear that this area will open new avenues of therapeutic to obesity, insulin resistance and DM259215416

Disponibilidade de fitomassa do estrato herbáceo de uma caatinga raleada submetida ao pastejo alternado ovino-caprino.

O trabalho foi realizado no Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caprinos - CNPC/Embrapa, Sobral Estado do CE, de 1988 a 1994, com o objetivo de avaliar a disponibilidade de matéria seca do estrato herbáceo de uma Caatinga raleada, submetida ao pastejo alternado ovino-caprino. Foram utilizadas fêmeas ovinas Morada Nova e caprinas SRD (Sem Raça Definida) que, em grupos de 10, foram distribuídas em piquetes de 4, 6 e 8 ha. Foi avaliada a disponibilidade de matéria seca de gramíneas e dicotiledôneas herbáceas. O delineamento adotado foi em parcelas subdivididas, com 2 blocos e tratamentos em esquema fatorial cruzado de 3 x 19 (3 taxas de lotação nas parcelas e 19 épocas do ano como subparcelas). A disponibilidade de matéria seca do estrato herbáceo aumentou nas primeiras épocas de ocupação por ovinos, seguida de tendência de queda, com restabelecimento nas épocas iniciais da ocupação por caprinos. A disponibilidade de matéria seca de gramíneas diminuiu com o pastejo de ovinos e se restabeleceu com o de caprinos. Já a disponibilidade de matéria seca de dicotiledôneas aumentou durante o pastejo de ovinos e diminuiu durante o de caprinos. A disponibilidade e a composição florística da matéria seca do estrato herbáceo da Caatinga raleada podem ser controladas mediante o pastejo alternado ovino-caprino, garantindo, ao longo dos anos a estabilização da produção de gramíneas e dicotiledôneas herbáceas, tornando-se, possivelmente, na forma mais adequada de exploração pastoril sustentada deste componente florístico. Standing phytomass availability of the herbaceous cover of Caatinga raleada subjected to alternate grazing by sheep and goats. Abstract: The experiment was carried out at the Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Caprinos, in Sobral, Ceará State, Brazil, from 1988 to 1994, with objective of determining the dry matter availability of the herbaceous forages (monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous) of a thinned Caatinga subjected to alternate grazing by sheep and goat. Morada Nova ewes and SRD nanny goats were used, grouped by tens and were distributed in 4.0, 6.0 and 8.0 ha paddocks. Annual fluctuations on the availability of dry matter of grass and of forbs, as affected by grazing, were evaluated. A split plot design arranged in randomized form with two repetitions (blocks) and treatments in factorial of 3 x 19 (3 stocking rates in the plots and 19 periods in the sub-plots) was applied. The availability of the herbaceous cover dry matter increased in the first periods of stocking with sheep, followed by a declining trend and recovering in the first periods of stocking with goats. The grass phytomass availability decreased with grazing by sheep and it was reestablished under goat grazing. However, the forb phytomas increased with utilization by sheep and decreased under goat grazing. Therefore, the availability and the floristic composition of the herbaceous cover of a thinned Caatinga could be controlled by the using of alternate sheep and goat grazing, warranting the stabilization of the production of grasses and forbs, and becoming one alternative of sustainable utilization of those floristic components of the Caatinga bioma.Parte da Dissertação de mestrado do primeiro autor - Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC)

Sistema de cultivo em aléias nos tabuleiros costeiros de Sergipe: resultados de pesquisa.

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Matéria seca de Gliricídia sepium em função da altura e da frequência de corte para adubação verde em sistema de cultivo em alamedas em solos de tabuleiros costeiros.

Os solos da ecorregião dos tabuleiros costeiros apresentam, em sua maioria, baixos teores de matéria orgânica, argila de baixa atividade e portanto baixa capacidade de retenção de água e de nutrientes

Correlation between soil erodibility and satellite data on areas of current desertification: a case study in Senegal.

The purpose of the study is to verify whether some correlation exists between soil erodibility (i.e. K factor mentioned in RUSLE model) and data obtained from satellite images. This piece of work represents a first attempt towards a model that would predict the risk for soil erosion, from information contained in satellite images. Ouarchoch is a rural community in Ferlo Region, Senegal. It lies in a Sahelian typical arid zone and is affected by desertification processes. Ouarchoch site was the pilot area on which the test was performed. K factor was calculated by using soil textural data (sand, silt and clay) in the top (0 ? 5 cm) soil layer (data obtained from the web). Landsat7 satellite images represented different seasonal snapshots (?cool? dry season, warm dry season, rainy season, end of rainy season or beginning of dry season) of the same year, 2014. Calculation used Bands 1 to 7 and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The choice of data, calculation and analysis are detailed. Some positive moderate correlation exists between soil erodibility on the one hand, and NDVI index displayed during the dry season (images in January and May), as well as Band 5 radiations displayed at the beginning of the dry season (post-harvest, image in October) on the other hand

Efeito do corte da parte aérea na sobrevivência do marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Muell. Arg.).

Resumos: O trabalho foi conduzido na Embrapa Caprinos, em Sobral, Ceará, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos do corte da parte aérea em relação à altura da rebrota na sobrevivência, persistência e no vigor da rebrota do marmeleiro e produção subseqüente de fitomassa do estrato herbáceo. O corte das plantas foi realizado a 10,0 cm de altura, quando suas rebrotas alcançaram quatro diferentes alturas (25, 50, 75 e 100 cm). Os tratamentos de corte foram aplicados em parcelas de 5 m x 30 m. A avaliação da mortalidade das plantas foi realizada mediante a contagem de todas as plantas mortas e vivas dentro das parcelas experimentais. Os dados foram analisados por intermédio do teste não-paramétrico do qui-quadrado. Verificou-se que houve dependência entre a mortalidade das plantas e o corte das rebrotas e que todos os tratamentos foram diferentes entre si. O melhor resultado foi alcançado quando as rebrotas foram cortadas à altura média de 75 cm, diminuindo a densidade do marmeleiro em até 96%. A redução da densidade proporcionou aumentos significativos na produção de fitomassa herbácea, em relação à área não tratada. Effects of the Cutting of Above Ground Parts on Marmeleiro (Croton sonderianus Muell. Arg.) Survival. ABSTRACT - The research was conducted at the EMBRAPA - National Center for Goat Research, in Sobral, Ceara, Brazil, to evaluate the effects of cutting of the above ground parts in relation at regrowth height of marmeleiro on its survival, persistence, regrowth vigor and subsequent production of herbaceous understory phytomass. The plants were cut at 10.0 cm above ground, when the regrowth reached four different heights (25, 50, 75 and 100 cm). The cutting treatments were applied on plots of 5 m x 30 m. The evaluation of the mortality of the plants was accomplished by the count of the total number of dead and alive plants of the experimental plots. Data were analyzed by means of the chi-square nonparametric test. It was observed dependence between mortality of the plants and regrowth cutting, where all treatments were different. Best results were obtained when regrowth plants were cutting to a medium height of 75 cm, which decreased marmeleiro density by 96%. The reduction of density provided a significant increase on herbaceous understory phytomass in relation to control treatment

Reconhecimento e manejo das principais pragas da cenoura.

Este comunicado visa descrever as principais espécies de insetos-praga encontradas no cultivo de cenoura eformas adequadas de manejá-las.bitstream/item/72187/1/cot-821.pd