Scores de riesgo en síndrome coronario agudo: separando la paja del trigo

Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Evaluation of serum cardiac troponin I values in children less than 1 year of age

OBJECTIVE: The objective is to verify the cardiac troponin I values in children less than 1 year of age without clinical cardiac dysfunction. METHODS: The cardiac troponin I values were determined in 99 children less than 1 year of age, including term infants without diseases related to cardiac dysfunction using the specific kit Opus T Troponin I (cTn) (Dade Behring Inc. -Newalk, DE 19714, USA). RESULTS: All children have values of cardiac troponin I less than 0.1 ng/ml. CONCLUSION: We verified that the cardiac troponin I value is less than 0.1 ng/ml in children less than 1 year, including term infants without cardiac dysfunction, when analized by the kit Opus T Troponin I (cTn) test modules.OBJETIVO: Verificar os valores séricos para troponina I cardíaca em crianças abaixo de um ano de idade, sem disfunção cardíaca clínica. MÉTODOS: Os níveis séricos de troponina I cardíaca foram determinados em 99 crianças com idade abaixo de um ano, incluindo-se recém-nascidos a termo, sem doenças relacionadas a comprometimento da função cardíaca identificável clinicamente, por meio do kit específico Opus T Troponin I (cTn) (Dade Behring Inc. - Newalk, DE 19714, USA). RESULTADOS: A dosagem sérica de troponina I cardíaca apresentou, em todos os pacientes, valor menor que 0,1 ng/ml. CONCLUSÃO: Verificamos que o valor da dosagem sérica de troponina I cardíaca é menor do que 0,1 ng/ml para pacientes pediátricos, sem disfunção cardíaca, desde recém-nascidos a termo até um ano de idade, quando realizada por meio do kit Opus T Troponin I (cTn) test modules.Hospital Padre Albino UTI pediátricaUNIFESP-EPM Departamento de PediatriaUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de PediatriaSciEL

iWONDER (Imaging WhOle vessel coroNary tree with intravascular ultrasounD and iMap® in patiEnts with acute myocaRdial infarction) study: rationale and study design

BACKGROUND: Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) provides a sensitive and reproducible measurement of coronary artery dimensions, atherosclerotic plaque, and arterial lumen. Advances in IVUS technology now allow the characterization of the composition and morphology of atherosclerotic plaques. Although previous studies have reported data using IVUS radiofrequency analysis, the use of a new modality (iMap®, Boston Scientific, Santa Clara, USA) of atherosclerotic plaque characterization is very little known. Our objective is to analyze the morphological, phenotypic and tissue characteristics of culprit and non-culprit atherosclerotic plaques determined by angiography in patients undergoing coronary angiography due to acute myocardial infarction (AMI). METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional, single center study (Hospital São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)/UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brazil). Fifty patients will be selected for ultrasound analysis according to the following inclusion criteria: age < 75 years, non-ST-segment elevation AMI or recent ST-segment elevation AMI, with or without previous fribrinolytic agents. CONCLUSIONS: The present study is aimed at obtaining morphological, phenotypic and tissue characteristics of the atherosclerotic plate using an imaging modality not extensively evaluated in patients with AMI.INTRODUÇÃO: O ultrassom intracoronário (USIC) é um método capaz de fornecer medida sensível e reprodutível das dimensões da artéria coronária, da placa aterosclerótica e do lúmen arterial. Avanços em sua tecnologia permitem agora a caracterização da composição e da morfologia das placas ateroscleróticas. Embora estudos prévios tenham reportado dados utilizando USIC com análise de radiofrequência, o uso de uma nova modalidade (iMap®, Boston Scientific, Santa Clara, Estados Unidos) de caracterização da placa aterosclerótica é muito pouco conhecida. Nosso objetivo será analisar as características morfológicas, teciduais e fenotípicas das placas ateroscleróticas consideradas angiograficamente culpadas e não-culpadas em pacientes submetidos a angiografia coronária decorrente de infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, transversal, em único centro (Hospital São Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)/UNIFESP, São Paulo, SP, Brasil). Serão selecionados 50 pacientes para análise ultrassonográfica, de acordo com os seguintes critérios de inclusão: idade < 75 anos, IAM sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST ou IAM com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST recente, com ou sem uso de fibrinolítico prévio. CONCLUSÕES: O presente estudo objetivará a caracterização morfológica, tecidual e fenotípica da placa aterosclerótica utilizando uma nova modalidade de imagem ainda pouco estudada em pacientes com IAM.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de Medicina Setor de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia IntervencionistaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaBoston Scientific Setor de Imagem em Cardiologia IntervencionistaHospital Israelita Albert EinsteinUNIFESP, EPM, Setor de Hemodinâmica e Cardiologia IntervencionistaUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Low Back Pain During Streptokinase Infusion

We report the case of a 57-year-old male patient with severe low back pain during streptokinase infusion administered to treat typical chest pain and elevation of the ST segment in the inferior wall. We reviewed the literature, emphasizing the differential diagnosis, the pathophysiology, and management of the event

Echocardiographic Assessment of the Pulmonary Venous Flow: An Indicator of Increased Pulmonary Flow in Congenital Cardiac Malformations

OBJECTIVE: To identify the left inferior pulmonary vein as an indirect marker of increased pulmonary flow in congenital heart diseases.METHODS: We carried out a prospective consecutive study on 40 patients divided into 2 groups as follows: G1 - 20 patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease and increased pulmonary flow; G2 (control group) - 20 patients who were either healthy or had congenital heart disease with decreased or normal pulmonary flow. We obtained the velocity-time integral of the left inferior pulmonary vein flow, excluding the reverse A wave, with pulsed Doppler echocardiography.RESULTS: In G1, 19 out of the 20 patients had well-identified dilation of the left inferior pulmonary vein. No G2 patient had dilation of the left inferior pulmonary vein. Dilation of the left inferior pulmonary vein in conditions of increased pulmonary flow had sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100%, and negative predictive value of 95% (1 false-negative case). The integral of time and velocity of the pulmonary venous flow obtained with pulsed Doppler echocardiography was greater in the G1 patients (G1=25.0±4.6 cm versus G2=14.8±2.1 cm, p=0.0001).CONCLUSION: The identification of dilation of the left inferior pulmonary vein suggests the presence of congenital heart disease with increased pulmonary flow. This may be used as an indirect sign of increased flow, mainly in malformations of difficult diagnosis, such as atrial septal defects of the venous sinus or coronary sinus type

Reversible cardiomyopathy subsequent to perinatal infection with the human immunodeficiency virus

We describe a patient with advanced perinatal acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who had early clinical manifestation of severe dilated cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure. The picture was completely reversed after six years treatment and follow-up, and the child is now doing well at the age of seven, with normal left ventricular dimension and contractility as shown by echodopplercardiography. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of full recovery from cardiomyopathy in children with perinatally acquired infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Hosp Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Hosp Sao Paulo, Escola Paulista Med, BR-04023062 Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Right coronary artery fistula with congestive heart failure in the neonate. Doppler echocardiographic diagnosis and closure with detachable balloon

We report here a case of coronary artery fistula in a neonate with clinical signs of heart failure. The electrocardiogram showed signs of left ventricular hypertrophy and diffuse alterations in ventricular repolarization. Chest X-ray showed an enlargement of the cardiac silhouette with an increase in pulmonary flow. After echocardiographic diagnosis and angiographic confirmation, closure of the fistulous trajectory was performed with a detachable balloon with an early and late successful outcome

Risk factors profile of men and women with acute myocardial infarction in a South American coronary unit: Comparison in 1995 and 2005

Hosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilHosp São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

RFRIST study (fractional flow reserve in functional quantification of renal allograft artery stenosis): rationale and study design

BACKGROUND: Renal allograft artery stenosis is the most prevalent vascular complication after renal transplantation. The diagnostic limitations of noninvasive tests are well defined and angiography remains the gold standard for diagnosis and therapeutic definition. The use of fractional flow reserve for a better stratification of native renal artery stenosis may be useful for an adequate selection of patients for percutaneous treatment, however this method has not yet been validated in patients undergoing transplantation. The objective of this study is to describe and standardize the fractional flow reserve protocol in patients with renal allograft artery stenosis in a group of patients selected for percutaneous renal intervention, correlating the method with angiography METHODS: Cross-sectional, single center pilot study (Hospital São Paulo/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil), including 10 patients with a clinical picture compatible with renal allograft artery stenosis, with angiography showing graft stenosis > 60% and admitted for percutaneous renal intervention. Graft dysfunction assessment will include biomarkers of renal function. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a fractional flow reserve protocol for the functional assessment of renal allograft artery stenosis will be standardized, evaluating an alternative method capable of identifying patients most likely to benefit from percutaneous renal intervention.INTRODUÇÃO: A estenose da artéria do enxerto renal é a complicação vascular mais prevalente após transplante renal. As limitações dos exames não-invasivos para seu diagnóstico são bem definidas e a angiografia permanece como padrão de referência para diagnóstico e definição terapêutica. A utilização da reserva de fluxo fracionada renal para melhor estratificação das estenoses de artéria renal nativa pode ajudar na adequada seleção de pacientes para tratamento percutâneo, porém tal método ainda não está padronizado em pacientes submetidos a transplante. O objetivo deste estudo será descrever e padronizar o protocolo de reserva de fluxo fracionada em pacientes com estenose da artéria do enxerto renal em um grupo de pacientes selecionados para intervenção renal percutânea, correlacionando o método com a angiografia. MÉTODOS: Estudo piloto, prospectivo, transversal, unicêntrico (Hospital São Paulo/Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, SP, Brasil), em que serão selecionados 10 pacientes com quadro clínico compatível com estenose da artéria do enxerto renal, com angiografia do enxerto evidenciando estenose > 60%, admitidos para intervenção renal percutânea. Como avaliação da disfunção do enxerto serão realizadas dosagens de biomarcadores da função renal. CONCLUSÕES: No presente estudo, um protocolo original de reserva de fluxo fracionada para avaliação funcional de estenose da artéria do enxerto renal será padronizado, avaliando um método auxiliar na investigação funcional que possa identificar pacientes que realmente se beneficiem com a intervenção renal percutânea

Initial experience with the use of fractional flow reserve in the hemodynamic evaluation of transplant renal artery stenosis

ObjectiveTo describe and standardize an original protocol for fractional flow reserve (FFR) pre and postangioplasty in an initial series of patients with clinically manifested transplant renal artery stenosis (TRAS). BackgroundThere is no data in the literature about the use of FFR in TRAS. MethodsPatients with TRAS detected in a noninvasive study were referred to diagnostic angiography and stenosis considered visually severe ( 60%) were included. After selective cannulation, a PressureWire 0.014 (CertusSt. Jude Medical) was advanced to the distal portion of the vessel. Resting Pd/Pa ratio (ratio of mean distal to lesion and mean proximal pressures) and translesional systolic pressure gradient were obtained and FFR and hyperemic translesional systolic and mean pressure gradients (HSG and HMG) were registered after papaverine induced maximum hyperemiapre and poststent implantation. Creatinine levels and office blood pressure measurements were registered at the baseline, 6 and 12months after intervention. ResultsTen consecutive patients had successful stent implantation and were included. After treatment, significant increase in FFR (0.760.09 vs. 0.96 +/- 0.04, P<0.001) and reduction in systolic hyperemic gradients (-41.40 +/- 19.18, P<0.001) and mean (-24.00 +/- 11.65, P<0.001) were observed. A strong negative correlation was observed between FFR and percent stenosis diameter%SD (r=-0.89, P<0.001) and HSG (r=-0.9, P<0.001) as well as a strong positive correlation between FFR and baseline Pd/Pa ratio (r=0.9, P<0.001). ConclusionFFR was a well-tolerated, valid and reproducible tool during percutaneous intervention for TRAS. Good correlation was observed between FFR and others hemodynamic parameters of lesion severity.Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Div Cardiol, Intervent Cardiol Catheterizat Lab Unit, Escola Paulista Med,UNIFESP,EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Nefrol, Escola Paulista Med, UNIFESP,EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Div Cardiol, Escola Paulista Med, UNIFESP,EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Div Cardiol, Intervent Cardiol Catheterizat Lab Unit, Escola Paulista Med,UNIFESP,EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Nefrol, Escola Paulista Med, UNIFESP,EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Div Cardiol, Escola Paulista Med, UNIFESP,EPM, Sao Paulo, SP, BrazilWeb of Scienc