Ragionare per casi: dinamiche di innovazione nelle politiche locali con i rom e i sinti

Quando si compone un libro come questo, frutto di un lungo lavoro collettivo e di una delicata tessitura di sensibilità ed esperienze differenti, si rischia di rimanere storditi dall’insieme di idee, suggerimenti, consigli e indicazioni che ciascuno apporta1. Quando abbiamo pensato all’indice, ci intrigava l’idea di raccogliere casi interessanti, di farli esprimere in prima persona, di lavorare con gli autori su una forma espressiva capace di problematizzare le esperienze (...)

Ripensare le politiche a livello locale dentro il quadro di una tutela nazionale delle minoranze

La condizione giuridica di Rom e Sinti in Italia mette in luce alcune sfide fondamentali che si aprono agli amministratori locali. Sono le sfide dell’inclusione e della lotta alla discriminazione. Vero è che gli amministratori locali oggi sono soli, e dotati di poca expertise e conoscenza per affrontare l’insieme di problemi che abbiamo visto di- panarsi nel corso dell’intero volume. Lo scenario cambierebbe nel caso in cui fosse approvata una legge di riconoscimento dello statuto di mi- noranza. Cambierebbe nel senso che vi sarebbero più strumenti a disposizione degli enti locali, e vi sarebbe maggiore chiarezza nelle linee d’indirizzo. Questo capitolo intende, perciò, riprendere alcune delle principali sfide che si pongono al disegno, alla programmazione e all’implementazione di politiche pubbliche a livello locale, mettendo in luce i punti di contatto con il nuovo quadro che si potrebbe aprire se l’Italia adottasse le indicazioni più volte segnalate dal Consiglio d’Europa. Dopo aver affrontato il primo nodo fondamentale, quello della conoscenza reciproca e del riconoscimento, riprenderemo il tema delicato del sostegno abitativo, per ricavarne un criterio rilevante più in generale: quello della varietà di strumenti da usare nei confronti di que- sta minoranza assai eterogenea al proprio interno. Vedremo in seguito alcune indicazioni relative alla mediazione dei conflitti che si producono nei territori, e la rilevanza di politiche sociali nel contrasto ai fenomeni di devianza. Indicazioni più di carattere istituzionale saranno sviluppate in seguito, con riferimento alla situazione di alta frammentazione attua- le; il punto sarà esemplificato in seguito guardando più attentamente alle politiche di scolarizzazione. Termineremo con alcune indicazioni di metodo relative all’implementazione delle politiche, e all’esigenza di mantenere aperte le tensioni fra le diverse “polarità” che caratterizzano le politiche sociali (...)

A General Mathematical Formulation for the Determination of Differential Leakage Factors in Electrical Machines with Symmetrical and Asymmetrical Full or Dead-Coil Multiphase Windings

This paper presents a simple and general mathematical formulation for the determination of the differential leakage factor for both symmetrical and asymmetrical full and dead-coil windings of electrical machines. The method can be applied to all multiphase windings and considers Görges polygons in conjunction with masses geometry in order to find an easy and affordable way to compute the differential leakage factor, avoiding the adoption of traditional methods that refer to the Ossanna's infinite series, which has to be obviously truncated under the bound of a predetermined accuracy. Moreover, the method described in this paper allows the easy determination of both the minimum and maximum values of the differential leakage factor, as well as its average value and the time trend. The proposed method, which does not require infinite series, is validated by means of several examples in order to practically demonstrate the effectiveness and the easiness of application of this procedure

Anterior-to-Posterior Migration of a Lumbar Disc Sequestration. Surgical Remarks and Technical Notes about a Tailored Microsurgical Discectomy

Extrusion of disc material within the spinal canal complicates up to 28.6% of lumbar disc herniations. Due to the anatomical "corridors" created by the anterior midline septum and lateral membranes, relocation occurs with an anterior and anterolateral axial topography. Posterior migration is an extremely rare condition and anterior-to-posterior circumferential migration is an even rarer condition. Its radiological feature can be enigmatic and since, in more than 50% of cases, clinical onset is a hyperacute cauda equina syndrome, it may imply a difficult surgical decision in emergency settings. Surgery is the gold standard but when dealing with such huge sequestrations, standard microdiscectomy must be properly modified in order to minimize the risk of surgical trauma or traction on the nerve roots

Realistic and verifiable coherent control of excitonic states in a light harvesting complex

We explore the feasibility of coherent control of excitonic dynamics in light harvesting complexes, analyzing the limits imposed by the open nature of these quantum systems. We establish feasible targets for phase and phase/amplitude control of the electronically excited state populations in the Fenna-Mathews-Olson (FMO) complex and analyze the robustness of this control with respect to orientational and energetic disorder, as well as decoherence arising from coupling to the protein environment. We further present two possible routes to verification of the control target, with simulations for the FMO complex showing that steering of the excited state is experimentally verifiable either by extending excitonic coherence or by producing novel states in a pump-probe setup. Our results provide a first step toward coherent control of these complex biological quantum systems in an ultrafast spectroscopy setup.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figure

A Novel, Simple and Flexible Fault-Tolerant Control Algorithm for Multiphase Electrical Machine Operation Under Open Circuit Faults

This paper presents a novel and simple procedure for the determination of a Fault-Tolerant Algorithm (namely FTA) for the adequate working operation of an electric machine equipped with a general m-phase winding under possible open circuits occurring in some of its phases. The FTA is firstly theoretically derived from the analysis of the magnetic field distribution in polyphase systems, then simulated through finite-element analysis and finally implemented via software for real-time validation. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is confirmed through experimental tests on a laboratory setup. Key contributions include the flexibility of the algorithm, which can be applied to any m-phase electric machine with various winding configurations. Both the obtained FEA and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control algorithm can be easily used and applied in electric drives supplied by m-phase motors under fault conditions without significantly affecting the magnetic performance of the whole system and ensuring the continuity of operation even in the presence of faults

Sensorless variable speed single-phase induction motor drive system based on direct rotor flux orientation

The single-phase induction motor (SPIM) is one of the electrical machines more used in the World, and can be found in several fractional and sub-fractional horsepower applications in houses, offices, shoppings, farms, and industries. The introduction of more sophisticated applications has required the use of variable speed drives for SPIM, where the adoption of sensorless techniques is the more reasonable option for speed control due to the low cost of this electrical machine. A proposal for sensorless variable speed SPIM drive based on direct rotor field orientation techniques is presented in this paper. None transformation is used in order to eliminate the asymmetry of the stator windings of the SPIM. The rotor speed is estimated from an flux observer, which is based on two independent linear feedback control systems. The speed and flux estimatives are used in two control loop based on PID regulators, which determine the voltages to be applied to the SPIM windings by a three-legs VSI inverter. Using computer simulations, two situations are considered in order to demonstrate the satisfactory performance of the proposed sensorless speed control for SPIM drives: variations on rotor speed reference and the application of mechanical load

Analysis, characterization and minimization of IPMSMs cogging torque with different rotor structures

This paper presents the analysis, characterization and comparison of the cogging torque components generated by five different IPMSM rotor structures. More in detail, an IPMSM model (named IPMSM1), which is derived from a commercial geometry, is analyzed by using a Finite Element Method (FEM) approach. Then, four other IPMSM models, which are obtained by modifying the IPMSM1 rotor structure and by maintaining the same stator configuration, are proposed and analyzed. From the obtained simulation results, the cogging torque components for each structure are determined and compared. From this comparison, a significant cogging torque decrease is occurring for the modified geometries, without affecting the values of the generated torque. Furthermore, a meaningful relationship between the peak values of the cogging torque and the gradients of the flux density around the neutral area is reported and discussed. Therefore, simple structure modifications applied to the rotor geometry can bring significant improvements in terms of motor performances and cogging torque reductio

A Comprehensive Generalized Theory and Classification of Multiphase Systems for Rotating and Linear Electric Machines

The growing interest in electrical machines equipped with multiphase configurations has directed the research to the conception of new design methods and optimization strategies to maximize the performance and the efficiency of the machine for its specific application. In this context, a noticeable gap persists in the comprehensive generalized theory of multiphase systems applied to electrical machines. Therefore, this article aims to propose a new possible classification of multiphase systems based on the electrical symmetries between the corresponding star of slots phasors, starting from the general law related to the spatial distribution of the air-gap magnetic flux density field. This theory extends beyond symmetrical configurations, encompassing both reduced and normal systems, which can be derived from redundant multiphase configurations. Furthermore, the proposed generalization applies to all possible $m$-phase configurations, including the structures with slight asymmetries or unbalances. The article provides illustrative examples to reinforce these theoretical concepts to establish a systematic and unified theory and classification that can be adopted for any possible topology of a multiphase system