The Cretan Mesolithic in context: new data from Livari Skiadi (SE Crete)

Investigations at Livari (south-eastern Crete) produced a small Mesolithic chipped stone assemblage, whose techno-typological characteristics situate it within an ‘early Holocene Aegean island lithic tradition’ (9000–7000 cal BC). The material provides antecedent characteristics for the lithics of Crete’s founder Neolithic population at Knossos (c. 7000–6500/6400 cal BC). The idiosyncrasies of the Knossian material can be viewed as a hybrid lithic tradition that emerged from interaction between migrant Anatolian farmers and indigenous hunter-gatherers. Small quantities of Melian obsidian at Livari attest to early Holocene maritime insular networks, knowledge of which likely enabled the first farmers’ successful voyage to Crete.Raziskave na najdišču Livari (na jugovzhodnu Krete) so pokazale navzočnost drobnega mezolitskega kamnitega inventarja, katerega tehnološke in tipološke značilnosti ga postavljajo v okvir ‘zgodnje holocenske egejske tradicije kamnitih artefaktov’ (9000–7000 cal BC). Ta material predstavlja predhodnike tipov kamnitih orodij, ki so značilna za kretsko ustanoviteljsko neolitsko populacijo v Knossosu (ok. 7000–6500/6400 cal BC). Značilnosti materiala iz Knossosa kažejo na hibridne tradicije v tipologiji kamnitih artefaktov, ki so se pojavile kot posledica interakcije med migranti – poljedelci iz Anatolije in domorodnimi lovci in nabiralci. Manjša količina obsidiana iz Melosa na najdišču Livari pa kaže na zgodnje holocensko morsko omrežje, ki je potekalo med otoki, kar je omogočalo prvim poljedelcem, da so pridobili znanje za uspešno plovbo do Krete

The Freston Causewayed Enclosure

Current models view southeast England as where Neolithic lifeways were first introduced to Britain from continental Europe c. 4000 cal BC, however, there has been little work detailing this process in coastal East Anglia. In 2019, work at the Freston causewayed enclosure provided the first view of a major gathering space associated with semi-mobile farming communities of the Early Neolithic in the county of Suffolk and located on a major estuary close to the North Sea. Excavation produced a rich assemblage of worked flint and Mildenhall Ware pottery (potentially for feasting), plus evidence for the consumption of cereals and hazelnuts

Tendances actuelles dans la caractérisation des obsidiennes pour les études de provenance

Les recherches de provenance des obsidiennes de sites paléolithiques et néolithiques connaissent actuellement une grande expansion, notamment par leur intégration dans les études de chaînes opératoires, qui nécessitent de déterminer l’origine de la matière première de séries importantes de pièces archéologiques. Il existe par ailleurs une forte demande de mesures peu à non destructives et éventuellement à effectuer in situ. D’où un certain nombre de développements méthodologiques récents. Le but de cette contribution est d’en présenter le statut actuel.Sourcing studies involving obsidians from Palaeolithic and Neolithic sites are presently undergoing a period of change, notably in terms of the average number of samples analyzed per project, due largely to their integration into the chaînes opératoires approach of lithic technologies. This can entail working with a large number of artifacts from an archaeological context. There is also an ever-increasing demand to employ quasi non-destructive characterization methods and completely non-destructive methods that eventually could be performed in situ. As such, recent methodological advances have taken several directions. The purpose of this short note is to give an overview of these approaches

FUS Immunogold labeling TEM analysis of the neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions of neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease: a frontotemporal lobar degeneration with FUS proteinopathy

Fused in sarcoma (FUS)-immunoreactive neuronal and glial inclusions define a novel molecular pathology called FUS proteinopathy. FUS has been shown to be a component of inclusions of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with FUS mutation and three frontotemporal lobar degeneration entities, including neuronal intermediate filament inclusion disease (NIFID). The pathogenic role of FUS is unknown. In addition to FUS, many neuronal cytoplasmic inclusions (NCI) of NIFID contain aggregates of alpha-internexin and neurofilament proteins. Herein, we have shown that: (1) FUS becomes relatively insoluble in NIFID and there are no apparent posttranslational modifications, (2) there are no pathogenic abnormalities in the FUS gene in NIFID, and (3) immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates the fine structural localization of FUS in NIFID which has not previously been described. FUS localized to euchromatin, and strongly with paraspeckles, in nuclei, consistent with its RNA/DNA-binding functions. NCI of varying morphologies were observed. Most frequent were the 'loosely aggregated cytoplasmic inclusions,' 81% of which had moderate or high levels of FUS immunoreactivity. Much rarer 'compact cytoplasmic inclusions' and 'tangled twine ball inclusions' were FUS-immunoreactive at their granular peripheries, or heavily FUS-positive throughout, respectively. Thus, FUS may aggregate in the cytoplasm and then admix with neuronal intermediate filament accumulations

Open drug discovery in Alzheimer\u27s disease.

Alzheimer\u27s disease (AD) drug discovery has focused on a set of highly studied therapeutic hypotheses, with limited success. The heterogeneous nature of AD processes suggests that a more diverse, systems-integrated strategy may identify new therapeutic hypotheses. Although many target hypotheses have arisen from systems-level modeling of human disease, in practice and for many reasons, it has proven challenging to translate them into drug discovery pipelines. First, many hypotheses implicate protein targets and/or biological mechanisms that are under-studied, meaning there is a paucity of evidence to inform experimental strategies as well as high-quality reagents to perform them. Second, systems-level targets are predicted to act in concert, requiring adaptations in how we characterize new drug targets. Here we posit that the development and open distribution of high-quality experimental reagents and informatic outputs-termed target enabling packages (TEPs)-will catalyze rapid evaluation of emerging systems-integrated targets in AD by enabling parallel, independent, and unencumbered research

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ABSTRACT. Objective. To develop a list of 5 tests or treatments used in rheumatology that have evidence indicating that they may be unnecessary and thus should be reevaluated by rheumatology healthcare providers and patients. Methods. Using the Delphi method, a committee of 16 rheumatologists from across Canada and an allied health professional generated a list of tests, procedures, or treatments in rheumatology that may be unnecessary, nonspecific, or insensitive. Items with high content agreement and perceived relevance advanced to a survey of Canadian Rheumatology Association (CRA) members. CRA members ranked these top items based on content agreement, effect, and item ranking. A methodology subcommittee discussed the items in light of their relevance to rheumatology, potential effect on patients, and the member survey results. Five candidate items selected were then subjected to a literature review. A group of patient collaborators with rheumatic diseases also reviewed these items. Results. Sixty-four unique items were proposed and after 3 Delphi rounds, this list was narrowed down to 13 items. In the member-wide survey, 172 rheumatologists responded (36% of those contacted). The respondent characteristics were similar to the membership at large in terms of sex and geographical distribution. Five topics (antinuclear antibodies testing, HLA-B27 testing, bone density testing, bone scans, and bisphosphonate use) with high ratings on agreement and effect were chosen for literature review. Conclusion. The list of 5 items has identified starting points to promote discussion about practices that should be questioned to assist rheumatology healthcare providers in delivering high-quality care

Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics

The papers in this volume were presented at the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics at UC Berkeley in 2016. The papers offer new descriptions of African languages and propose novel theoretical analyses of them. The contributions span topics in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and reflect the typological and genetic diversity of languages in Africa. Four papers in the volume examine Areal Features and Linguistic Reconstruction in Africa, and were presented at a special workshop on this topic held alongside the general session of ACAL

Theory and description in African Linguistics: Selected papers from the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics

The papers in this volume were presented at the 47th Annual Conference on African Linguistics at UC Berkeley in 2016. The papers offer new descriptions of African languages and propose novel theoretical analyses of them. The contributions span topics in phonetics, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics and reflect the typological and genetic diversity of languages in Africa. Four papers in the volume examine Areal Features and Linguistic Reconstruction in Africa, and were presented at a special workshop on this topic held alongside the general session of ACAL