Psychosis and Dandy-Walker syndrome: a case report and review of the literature

Dandy-Walker syndrome (DWS) is a group of brain malformations which sometimes present with psychotic symptoms. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with Dandy-Walker variant who presented with schizophrenia-like psychosis. A man in his 30s was admitted to an acute psychiatric unit presenting with persecutory delusions, auditory hallucinations and violent behaviour. The MRI performed showed the typical alterations of Dandy-Walker variant: vermian hypoplasia and cystic dilatation of the fourth ventricle. He also suffered from mild intellectual disability. After being treated with olanzapine 10 mg/d for a month, his psychotic symptoms greatly improved and he was discharged. In conclusion, DWS may cause psychosis through a dysfunction in the circuit connecting prefrontal, thalamic and cerebellar areas. The association between these two conditions may contribute to the understanding of the aetiopathogenesis of schizophrenia

Successful treatment of psychosis induced by interferon alpha and ribavirin with paliperidone: first case reported

Several clinical studies have shown a large number of mental symptoms by immunomodulatory treatment with interferon (IFN). The most frequently described symptoms are depression, suicidal behaviour, manic symptoms, anxiety, psychosis and delirium, associated with other non-specific symptoms such as fatigue, irritability, psychomotor retardation, decreased libido, insomnia, difficulty in concentration and attention. Having a history of mental disorder contraindicates the use of IFN-alpha. These adverse effects that affect the mental state appear usually at the beginning of the treatment (most after 3 weeks of treatment). The incidence of psychotic episodes is low and the episodes usually remit when treatment is interrupted; only some cases require antipsychotic treatment. We present the case of a patient affected with hepatitis C who began to present self-referential delirious symptoms after receiving the treatment with IFN and who was successfully treated with paliperidone. This patient could be classified within the group of high-risk psychiatric patients given the family history of schizophrenia and his personal history of illegal drug consumption. The pharmacological actions of paliperidone are similar to other high potency atypical antipsychotics. The receptorbinding profile of paliperidone most closely resembles that of risperidone and ziprasidone. Paliperidone differs from risperidone and most other antipsychotics by its relatively low extent of enzymatic hepatic metabolism. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case described that was successfully treated with paliperidone

Associations of physical activity with blood pressure, body composition and maturation level in adolescents: the GEOS Study

Introduction The association between physical activity (PA) and resting blood pressure (BP) is poorly understood in adolescents (Kelley, Kelley, & Tran, 2003), since several variables such as body composition, maturation level or sex, which interfere with, must be analyzed (Muntner, He, Cutler, Wildman, & Whelton, 2004). Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the association of PA, body composition, blood pressure, and maturation in adolescent boys and girls. Methods: Two hundred and nine (n=114 boys, n=95 girls) healthy adolescents (15.6±1.6 years, 21.9±4.3 BMI) were volunteers. A PA score was estimated by Physical Activity Questionnaire (PAQ-A). BMI, waist circumference (WC) and fat mass percent (%FM) were assessed by anthropometric measurements as adiposity markers. Tanner’s maturation stages were evaluated and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured by OMRON sphygmomanometer. SBP and DBP indexes (SBPI and DBPI) were calculated as mmHg/height (cm). Spearman rank order correlations were used to explore associations between variables after control to maturation. Results: All the relationships between parameters showed a positive correlation. There were significant associations between BP variables and BMI (SBP r=0.202, P<0.01; DBP r=0.305, P<0.001), and WC (SBP r=0.197, P<0.01; DBP r=0.295, P<0.001). PA score was only related with body composition variables either girls or boys. Also, there were significant correlations between %FM and BP variables (SBP r=0.332, P <0.01; DBP r=0.330, P<0.01; DBPI r=0.308, P <0.01) in girls but not in boys. Discussion: Our data confirm the relationship between BP and body composition variables as WC and BMI (Rosa, Fonseca, Oigman, & Mesquita, 2006). Nevertheless, we could not find any association between PA and BP. The recently developed SBPI and DBPI were not better associated with any variable than simple BP. These results should be considered carefully since measuring physical activity by objective methods could have changed the conclusions. So, other studies have reported a negative association between PA measured by accelerometry and BP (Hearst, Sirard, Lytle, Dengel, & Berrigan, 2012; Kelley, Kelley, & Tran, 2003). Further prospective studies using accelerometry or larger samples must be need in order to explore deeply the impact of PA on BP in adolescents. References Hearst, M. O., Sirard, J. R., Lytle, L., Dengel, D. R., & Berrigan, D. (2012). J Phys Act Health, 9(1), 78-85. Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., & Tran, Z. V. (2003). Prev Cardiol, 6(1), 8-16. Muntner, P., He, J., Cutler, J. A., Wildman, R. P., & Whelton, P. K. (2004). JAMA, 291(17), 2107-2113. Rosa, M. L., Fonseca, V. M., Oigman, G., & Mesquita, E. T. (2006). Arq Bras Cardiol, 87(1), 46-53.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (AP2010-0583), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2011-30565) and Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Estimation of internal abdominal fat from anthropometry measurements in children

Introduction: Internal abdominal fat (IAF) measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) has been proposed as subrogate of visceral adipose tissue, which is a cornerstone measurement for screening of metabolic syndrome1,2. However, measuring IAF is time-consuming, expensive and impractical for field studies with children. Since 1990, anthropometric models have been developed to estimate IAF in adults, but no models exist for children. Because of the high prevalence of childhood obesity, the assessment of IAF is a major factor in the evaluation metabolic risk. Therefore, the aim of this study was to develop an anthropometry-based model to estimate IAF in children. Methods: Forty-one (n=24 boys, n=17 girls) healthy Caucasian children (age 11.4±0.6 years, BMI 20.1±3.9 Kg/m2) were volunteers. Anthropometric measurements (waist and hip circumferences, abdominal sagittal diameter and skinfolds) were taken in accordance with ISAK guidelines. Total body and IAF (dependent variable) body composition were measured by DXA. Stepwise regression analysis was carried out to obtain the fittest variables and beta coefficients in order to develop the equation that predicts IAF with a high squared R and a low standard error of estimation. Results: The best-correlated variables with IAF were BMI, waist circumference, calf and subscapular skinfolds (r=0.900; r=0.946; r=0.901; r=0.900; respectively, all P<0.001). The best model for estimating the IAF included waist circumference and subscapular skinfold (R2=0.93 SEE=115.43; P<0.001). The estimated model was IAF (g) = -1332.89 + (18.515*WC) + (773.39*SubSKF). Conclusion: We developed a model, which accurately predict IAF in children, affording a practical tool to quantify this variable without expensive techniques such as DXA. However, external cross-validation must be performed in order to confirm the model validity. Additionally, construct validity should be carried out to determine the applicability of this measurement in children. References: 1. Hill AM, La_Forgia J, Coates AM, Buckley JD, Howe PR. Estimating abdominal adipose tissue with DXA and anthropometry. Obesity. 2007 Feb;15(2):504-10. 2. Kaul S, Rothney MP, Peters DM, Wacker WK, Davis CE, Shapiro MD, et al. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for quantification of visceral fat. Obesity. 2012 Jun; 20(6):1313-8.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport (AP2010-0583), Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (DEP2011-30565) and University of Málaga. Campus of International Excellence Andalucía Tec

Moderate exercise reveals the influence of ACTN3 R577X and ACE I/D polymorphisms on physical performance in non-athlete active subjects

Genome variations contribute to the vast majority of interindividual differences and may decisively influence sports capability. This study was conceived as a means of finding out when exactly polymorphisms start being physically discriminative. The polymorphisms we studied were two of the best characterized ones: ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X. These germline variants were determined in a cohort of 200 healthy volunteers from the university environment who underwent a series of physical evaluations that included a Cooper test, a 20-meter sprint test and a vertical jump test. Initially, no statistical association was found because the genetic effect was masked by those subjects with sedentary lifestyles. But when only physically active volunteers were considered, the ACE and ACTN3 genotypes were found to have an impact on heart rate after the Cooper test (p-value = 0.033 and 0.032 respectively) and ACTN3 was found to correlate with the total distance covered in the same test (p-value = 0.051). This can therefore be considered a paradigmatic example in which the environment might hide the genetic effect, with genotypic differences arising only upon training. © 2022No hubo patrocinadores externo

Effects of High Intensity Interval or Continuous Moderate Training on Metabolic Thresholds: A Randomized Control Trial

High intensity interval training (HIIT) has been suggested to promote superior metabolic and cardiovascular adaptations than classical moderate continuous training (MCT) in athletes or sedentary people. However, less is known about the effects of HIIT in metabolic thresholds like anaerobic (AT) or respiratory compensation point (RCP) in active women. Moreover, former studies have not compared exercise protocols with same training internal load (similar energy expenditure), which must be a main concern in order to compare HIIT and MCT. PURPOSE: It was our aim to compare changes in AT and RCP between HIIT and MCT exercise training protocols with the same energy expenditure. METHODS: Forty-one healthy women accepted to participate in the study (42.587.53 years; fat mass percent (%FM) 35.87.0%; maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max), 30.787.66 ml/kg/min). Thirty-two were previously active (>3 days/week restructured exercise), and they were randomized in HIIT (95% VO2max reserve, 172 min/week) or MCT (61% VO2max reserve, 279 min/week) groups, a control group (CG) of 9 women with similar age and body composition was selected from the university community. Both exercise-training protocols were designed to result in similar energy expenditure and were performed 2-3 times per week during 24 weeks. AT and RCP were measured using indirect calorimetry (Ultima CCM, MedGraphics, USA) during a ramp exercise test (delta 15 watts/min) on bike. Data from exercise test were used to prescribe training load. Repeated measured analyses were carried out in order to compare AT and RCP before and after 24 weeks of training between HIIT, MCT and CG groups. RESULTS: After 24-week of training exercise, both groups increased VO2 at AT (1067404 vs 1207351 ml/min and 947293 vs. 1128351 ml/min, HIIT and MCT respectively; P<0.05 for both) and RCP (1529434 vs 1730403 ml/min and 1599496 vs. 1815529 ml/min; HIIT and MCT respectively, P<0.01 for both). Post Hoc analysis showed that VO2 at AT and RCP were significantly different among training groups and CG, which did not modify any variable. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggests that both HIIT and MCT promote similar improvements of VO2 at AT and RCP in previously active women, when similar energy expenditures are performed.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech

Aprender educando a personas con discapacidad: experiencia de Aprendizaje Servicio en Odontología y Magisterio

Este texto es fruto de un Proyecto de Innovación Docente de la convocatoria 2018-2019, llevado a cabo en la Facultad de odontología de la UCM. El documento desarrolla la metodología ApS desde un punto de vista metodológico, y está estructurado en dos partes. En la primera parte se plantean las necesidades que cubre este tipo de aprendizaje, sobre todo en el área de las Ciencias de la Salud, y las competencias clave que, de forma general, puede ayudar a desarrollar. Además, se ha intentado realizar una guía para marcar las directrices necesarias a la hora de elaborar las distintas fases de este tipo de proyecto. En la segunda parte se describe la experiencia práctica llevada a cabo por un equipo interprofesional formado por estudiantes de Odontología de la UCM y de Educación de la Salle