Uptake of cadmium from water by beech leaves

Salim R, Al‐Subu MM, Sahrhage E. Uptake of cadmium from water by beech leaves. Journal of Environmental Science and Health . Part A: Environmental Science and Engineering and Toxicology. 1992;27(3):603-627

Increase in numbers of CD8 positive lymphocytes and eosinophils in peripheral blood of subjects with late asthmatic reactions induced by toluene diisocyanate.

Occupational asthma induced by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) shares several features with allergic asthma, but the mechanism of action of TDI is poorly understood. Ten sensitised subjects, previously shown to develop a dual or late asthmatic reaction after inhaling TDI were examined. In each subject, forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) was measured and venous blood was taken before, and 30 minutes and eight, 24, 48, and 72 hours after exposure to TDI (0.005-0.015 ppm for 10-30 minutes). Filtered air was used as a control. Differential leucocyte counts were determined and phenotypic analysis was performed by immunofluorescence on mononuclear cells using monoclonal antibodies (anti-CD3, anti-CD4, anti-CD8, and anti-HLA-DR). Five subjects developed a dual asthmatic reaction and five had a late reaction. Percentage of CD8 positive lymphocytes increased significantly eight hours after exposure to TDI (from 27 +/- 3 (SEM) % to 42.1 +/- 5%) in the subjects with an isolated late reaction. A delayed significant further increase in suppressor/cytotoxic T lymphocytes was seen in seven of the 10 subjects 48 hours after active exposure (from 27 +/- 2% to 42 +/- 4.8%), irrespective of the type of asthmatic reaction developed after exposure to TDI. Eosinophil percentage increased from 2.5% +/- 1.0 to 6.4% +/- 1.2 24 hours after exposure to TDI and the increase was sustained for up to 48 hours (4.7 +/- 1.1%). No significant variations of FEV1 or cell percentages were seen in the controls. In conclusion, the events triggered by exposure to TDI in sensitised subjects included changes in lung function and systemic effects which lasted longer than bonchoconstriction and concerned suppressor/cytotoxic lymphocytes and eosinophils. These results suggest that TDI induced late asthmatic reactions may be associated with an immunological response to TDI or to its products

Properties models species recycling plastic waste

В статті наведені можливості вирішення задач підвищення ефективності використання відходів різних галузей промисловості на комплексному підприємстві, яке може забезпечувати усі свої енергетичні потреби самостійно. Дослідження спрямовані на вивчення таких питань як організація збирання і транспортування відходів, їх класифікація-ідентифікація та методи контролю якості, маркування відповідно до загальноприйнятої класифікації полімерів; вибір науково-обгрунтованих методів переробки та утилізації полімерів; розробка необхідних технологічних схем, вибір добавок для модифікації та обладнання для переробки полімерних відходів; вибір підприємств для реалізації утилізації полімерів і виду енергетичних ресурсів для реалізації цих проектних рішень.The materials are presented the possibilities of solving problems of improving the use of wastes of different industries on a complex enterprise that can provide all its energy needs alone. The problem of wastes utilization and recycling is present as complex research and analysis of energy- and resource saving processes for treatment of polymer wastes of various origin. The investigation are focused in researching such problems as organization of waste collection, transportation and sorting-identification of wastes according to adapted polymers classification; selection of scientific based methods of wastes to be utilized or recycled; the development of appropriated process flow sheets and choice of modifications additives and equipment for polymers waste recycling. The choice of appropriate plants with selected energy resources is very important for projects realization