Genetic evaluation for productive traits in endangered Portuguese Malhado de Alcobaça pig

Malhado de Alcobaça (MA) is a swine breed from center west Portugal, recognized in 2003. Herdbook (LGMA) has information of >17,000 animals (1985-2022). It´s a very endangered breed with only 244 sows, 18 boars and 12 breeders. Within the scope of MA’s genetic conservation plan, for genetic evaluation, genetic parameters and fixed effects were estimated for birth weight (PN), for adjusted weight at 30 d (P30) and at 90 d (P90). Pedigree records (n=16,883) and weighing records (nPN=9,198; nP30=5,799; nP90=2,429) from LGMA of 362 litters were compiled. Genetic parameters and fixed effects, genetic values and precisions were predicted for PN, P30 and P90, through BLUP, with a mixed model including fixed effects of breeder × year of birth, season of birth, sex, age of mother (linear / quadratic effect) and as random effects genetic value of animal, maternal genetic effect and permanent environmental effect of litter. Fixed effects of prolificacy and number of weaned piglets were included as covariates, respectively, in PN and P30/P90 analyses. Mean values for PN 1.32±0.28 kg, 7.16±1.6 kg P30 and 34.1±6.4 kg P90 were recorded. For PN, P30 and P90, respectively, a heritability for direct effects of 0.170±0.156, 0.145±0.161 and 0.293±0.175; a maternal heritability of 0.084±0.109, 0.124±0.173 and 0.250±0.186 and a genetic correlation between direct and maternal effects of -0.344, -0.524 and -0.174 was estimated. Permanent environmental effect of litter was 0.395±0.056 PN, 0.403±0.086 P30 and 0.129±0.047 P90. In fixed effects, a superiority was observed for males of +0.031 kg PN, +0.046 kg P30 and +0.201 P90. Breeder × year effect showed maximum differences of 0.93, 5.21 and 19.25 kg for PN, P30 and P90, respectively, with Spring being the best season of birth. Sow age at farrowing had a quadratic effect for all traits. For each increase of 1 piglet in prolificacy, PN, P30 and P90 were reduced by 4, 7 and 58 g, respectively.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Parâmetros genéticos e avaliação genética de características morfofuncionais do burro de Miranda

Apresentação oralO Burro de Miranda é uma das duas raças asininas autóctones portuguesas, que está atualmente incluída num programa de conservação e melhoramento genético. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a estimativa de parâmetros genéticos e a avaliação genética para as características morfofuncionais do Burro de Miranda: Altura ao Garrote (AltG), Andamentos (An), Cabeça e Pescoço (CP), Conjunto de Formas (CF), Espádua e Garrote (EG), Garupa (Ga), Membros (Me), Pelagem (Pe), Pontuação Total (PT) e Tronco (Tr). Utilizaram-se 5685 registos genealógicos e 825 a 863 dados morfofuncionais de Burros de Miranda nascidos entre 1982 e 2021, num total de 224 criadores. As estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos foram obtidas por máxima verosimilhança restrita, através do BLUP – Modelo Animal, em análises univariadas com o programa MTDFREML. O modelo animal utilizado incluiu os efeitos fixos do criador de origem, do ano de nascimento, do género, efeito linear e quadrático da idade à classificação e efeito linear da consanguinidade individual e, como efeitos aleatórios, o valor genético direto e o erro residual. As estimativas do valor da heritabilidade foram altas para a AltG (0.611 cm) e Pe (0.665 pontos), intermédias para a CP (0.216 pontos) e reduzidas para a PT, An, Tr e CF (0.027, 0.083, 0.114 e 0.153 pontos). Foram ainda estimadas as tendências genéticas da AltG, An, CP, CF, Pe, PT e Tr, por regressão do valor genético de cada característica no ano de nascimento. De um modo geral as tendências genéticas para os caracteres avaliados foram positivas, mas muito reduzidas (entre 0.0003 pontos/ano nos An e 0.0034 cm/ano na AltG). Este trabalho contribuiu para a implementação da avaliação genética nesta raça. A disponibilização dos resultados obtidos aos criadores de Burros de Miranda e poderá vir a facilitar a escolha dos futuros reprodutores e agilizar a seleção para determinadas características.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Raça equina Lusitana – avaliação genética 2023

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Raça suína Malhado de Alcobaça – avaliação genética 2023

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Raça equina Garrana – avaliação genética 2023

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Avaliação genética da raça equina garrana

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Analysis of genetic structure of portuguese sheep populations from churro branch

A diversidade e estrutura genética foram estudadas em seis raças portuguesas do grupo Churro (Badana, Galega Bragançana, Galega Mirandesa, Mondegueira, Churra da Terra Quente e Algarvia), e na raça exótica Assaf, com um conjunto de 20 microssatélites. Os dados foram analisados com a metodologia bayesiana implementada pelo software STRUCTURE. A variabilidade genética observada sugere a existência de quatro populações ancestrais na sua origem. As raças Assaf e Algarvia estão bem identificadas com populações ancestrais distintas, o que resultará do seu distanciamento geográfico relativamente às restantes raças. As outras raças Churras, cuja área de exploração é o Norte de Portugal, mostram um grau de diferenciação reduzido, e resultam de duas populações ancestrais que contribuem em maior ou menor proporção para cada raça, o que indica que provavelmente terá existido fluxo de genes entre estas raças

SnaPshot based genotyping of the RYR1 mutation in Portuguese breeds of pigs

The porcine stress syndrome or malignant hyperthermia is an inherited autosomic recessive disease, which results in neuromuscular disorders leading to death in homozygous individuals and is associated with deterioration of meat quality. The defect in susceptible animals results from modifications in the calcium release channel or Ryanodine Receptor (RYR1), with a mutation leading to a C to T transition in nucleotide 1843 of the gene. The objective of this work was to develop a method based on analysis of SNPs to detect the mutation described in the RYR1 locus in pigs, and study polymorphisms of the gene in four exotic (Large White, Landrace, Duroc and Pietrain) and three native (Bísaro, Alentejano and Malhado de Alcobaça) breeds of pigs in Portugal. The method was successful in identifying the mutation by analysis of SNPs, and results indicate a high incidence of the mutant allele in Pietrain (0.75) and, to a lesser degree, in Malhado de Alcobaça (0.34) and Landrace (0.28); frequencies in Alentejano, Bísaro and Large White ranged between 0.04 and 0.09. These results suggest the need to establish breeding programs aimed at eliminating the susceptibility allele from those populations

Candidate genes for disease, reproduction and meat quality traits in Portuguese native breeds.

Native Portuguese cattle breeds are a ?biodiversity deposit? resulting from genetic and environmental effects accumulated over the years. We assessed two cattle breeds representative of Portuguese native cattle (Barrosã - BAR and Brava de Lide ? BRA) aiming the evaluation of ROH across populations, identification of ROH islands and functional analysis of the identified genes. The pattern of ROH differed across breeds mainly from short to median range. Based on ROH islands analysis, three regions were observed to be shared by more than 35% of the individuals in the two breeds. Besides, gene networks highlighted biological associations based on genes found on ROH islands with biological processes related with reproductive traits (RBM19) and immune systems (DTX1) in BAR breed, and immune systems and adipogenesesprocesses (ZBTB16) in BRA breed

Leucine Zipper-Bearing Kinase Is a Critical Regulator of Astrocyte Reactivity in the Adult Mammalian CNS.

Reactive astrocytes influence post-injury recovery, repair, and pathogenesis of the mammalian CNS. Much of the regulation of astrocyte reactivity, however, remains to be understood. Using genetic loss and gain-of-function analyses in vivo, we show that the conserved MAP3K13 (also known as leucine zipper-bearing kinase [LZK]) promotes astrocyte reactivity and glial scar formation after CNS injury. Inducible LZK gene deletion in astrocytes of adult mice reduced astrogliosis and impaired glial scar formation, resulting in increased lesion size after spinal cord injury. Conversely, LZK overexpression in astrocytes enhanced astrogliosis and reduced lesion size. Remarkably, in the absence of injury, LZK overexpression alone induced widespread astrogliosis in the CNS and upregulated astrogliosis activators pSTAT3 and SOX9. The identification of LZK as a critical cell-intrinsic regulator of astrocyte reactivity expands our understanding of the multicellular response to CNS injury and disease, with broad translational implications for neural repair