Opini Komunitas Warga Sekitar Tentang Maraknya Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL) (Studi Deskriptif Analitis Tentang Opini Komunitas Warga Sekitar Pkl – Tamansari, Kepatihan, dan Dalem Kaum – Kota Bandung)

Penelitian dengan judul “Opini komunitas warga sekitar tentang maraknya Pedagang Kaki Lima (PKL)” ini, dilakukan oleh pengajar/dosen tetap Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi (FIK). Permasalahan penelitian adalah tentang bagaimana opini komunitas warga sekitar PKL mengenai keamanan, ketertiban, ketenangan, Kenyamanan, keindahan, kebersihan, dan keramah-tamahan (7“K”) akibat maraknya PKL. Sasaran strategis dalam penelitian ini adalah komunitas warga di sekitar lingkungan PKL Jalan Kepatihan, Dalem Kaum, dan Tamansari.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui, mengkaji, dan menganalisis faktor 7“K” yang dirasakan komunitas warga sekitar, akibat maraknya PKL, sehingga tanggapan yang diekspresikan mereka dapat menjadi masukan bagi Humas Pemerintah Kota Bandung dalam upaya mensosialisasikan kebijakan pemerintah tentang PKL khususnya dalam merumuskan konsep community relations berkaitan dengan 7 “K” yang dirasakan oleh komunitas warga sekitar terhadap maraknya PKL tersebut. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini adalah: pada umumnya opini komunitas warga sekitar terhadap maraknya PKL, dilihat dari faktor 7“K” sangatlah bervariasi di antara opini positif dan negatif, Dalam arti, untuk responden tertentu penilaiannya sangat relatif tergantung dari persepsi masing-masing dan atas dasar pengalaman masing-masing dengan para PKL tersebut. Dengan demikian tidak sepenuhnya berada pada kecenderungan tertentu yang bersifat negatif atau positif. Oleh karena itu dari opini tersebut selanjutnya dapat berkembang untuk diyakini tentang adanya kemungkinan di antara kedua belah pihak saling membina hubungan, dan pemerintah memfasilitasi hubungan tersebut dalam kebijakan-kebijakannya

PleC and DivJ gene expression noise have little effect on FPD.

<p>Simulated levels normalized to wild-type levels for various localization and expression-level strains as the magnitude of and are varied. The only strain that is likely to have altered FPD phenotype due to noise is the PleC delocalized mutant, which, if PleC levels are high, could have low enough levels to undergo development pre-cytokinesis.</p

Interplay between the Localization and Kinetics of Phosphorylation in Flagellar Pole Development of the Bacterium <em>Caulobacter crescentus</em>

<div><p>Bacterial cells maintain sophisticated levels of intracellular organization that allow for signal amplification, response to stimuli, cell division, and many other critical processes. The mechanisms underlying localization and their contribution to fitness have been difficult to uncover, due to the often challenging task of creating mutants with systematically perturbed localization but normal enzymatic activity, and the lack of quantitative models through which to interpret subtle phenotypic changes. Focusing on the model bacterium <em>Caulobacter crescentus</em>, which generates two different types of daughter cells from an underlying asymmetric distribution of protein phosphorylation, we use mathematical modeling to investigate the contribution of the localization of histidine kinases to the establishment of cellular asymmetry and subsequent developmental outcomes. We use existing mutant phenotypes and fluorescence data to parameterize a reaction-diffusion model of the kinases PleC and DivJ and their cognate response regulator DivK. We then present a systematic computational analysis of the effects of changes in protein localization and abundance to determine whether PleC localization is required for correct developmental timing in <em>Caulobacter</em>. Our model predicts the developmental phenotypes of several localization mutants, and suggests that a novel strain with co-localization of PleC and DivJ could provide quantitative insight into the signaling threshold required for flagellar pole development. Our analysis indicates that normal development can be maintained through a wide range of localization phenotypes, and that developmental defects due to changes in PleC localization can be rescued by increased PleC expression. We also show that the system is remarkably robust to perturbation of the kinetic parameters, and while the localization of either PleC or DivJ is required for asymmetric development, the delocalization of one of these two components does not prevent flagellar pole development. We further find that allosteric regulation of PleC observed <em>in vitro</em> does not affect the predicted <em>in vivo</em> developmental phenotypes. Taken together, our model suggests that cells can tolerate perturbations to localization phenotypes, whose evolutionary origins may be connected with reducing protein expression or with decoupling pre- and post-division phenotypes.</p> </div

Details of kinetic parameters and localization functions in simulations of different strains.

<p> is the cell length, is the polar region length.</p

Mathematical modeling recapitulates experimental DivK-GFP distributions.

<p>Mathematical modeling of the spatial distribution of DivK in wild-type or mutant strains lacking DivJ (<i>divJ</i>) or PleC (<i>pleC</i>::Tn5) <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002602#pcbi.1002602-Jacobs2" target="_blank">[17]</a>, with non-phosphorylatable DivK (DivK) <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002602#pcbi.1002602-Lam1" target="_blank">[16]</a>, a DivJ mutant lacking kinase activity () <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002602#pcbi.1002602-Lam1" target="_blank">[16]</a>, a PleC mutant that is catalytically inactive () <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002602#pcbi.1002602-Lam1" target="_blank">[16]</a>, or a DivK variant that does not bind to the pole () in a <i>pleC</i>::Tn5 background <a href="http://www.ploscompbiol.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1002602#pcbi.1002602-Matroule1" target="_blank">[20]</a>. The sides and center inset show simulated microscopy data for the distributions shown in the middle plot computed numerically from our reaction-diffusion model. These distributions closely match the experimental microscopy data from the references given above. Wild-type rates: , , .</p

Island size and composition affect rescue efficiency.

<p>(A) The probability of rescue at either the middle or end of an island increased with the size of the island (see <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030103#pone.0030103.s002" target="_blank">Table S1</a> for details). (B) Islands with a higher GMPCPP content (74% GMPCPP, island length ≤1 µm; 24% no rescue, 20% rescue in the middle of the island, 56% rescue at the end of the island; <i>N</i> = 41) had a higher probability of rescue than islands with a lower GMPCPP content (50% GMPCPP, island length ≤1 µm; 43% no rescue, 21% rescue in the middle of the island, 36% rescue at the end of the island; <i>N</i> = 14). See <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030103#pone.0030103.s002" target="_blank">Table S1</a> for islands of all sizes.</p

Island dynamics are distinct from GDP-tubulin extensions and GMPCPP seeds.

<p>(A) Shortening rates of GDP-tubulin extensions (white solid line) and GXP islands (white dashed line) and the time to microtubule regrowth (yellow double arrow measured from extrapolated yellow dotted line) were measured from kymographs of depolymerizing microtubules. (B) GXP islands shorten more slowly than GDP-tubulin extensions. Distribution of shortening rates measured for extensions and islands (<i>N</i> = 30). The inset shows a box-plot of the data, which has a median shortening rate of 0.49 µm/s for extensions and 0.16 µm/s for islands (<i>p</i><0.00001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). Only cases where extension and island shortening could both be measured in the same depolymerization event were analyzed. (C) Microtubules grow more readily from islands than from GMPCPP seeds. Time to regrowth was measured from kymographs of dynamic microtubules and was on average shorter from islands than from GMPCPP seeds. Median time to regrowth was 6 seconds for GXP islands (<i>N</i> = 60) and 27 seconds for GMPCPP seeds (<i>N</i> = 60) (inset, <i>p</i><0.00001, Wilcoxon rank-sum test; outliers >100 are not shown).</p

GXP (GTP/GDP/GMPCPP) islands promote microtubule rescue.

<p>(A) Schematic of the total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy setup for incorporating rhodamine-labeled GXP islands into alexa-488-labeled microtubules. (B) Kymograph of microtubule growth and depolymerization taken from time-lapse microscopy (<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0030103#pone.0030103.s003" target="_blank">Movie S1</a>). Three types of rescue events were observed at GXP islands: (top right) rescue at the end of the GXP island, in which islands exhibited no detectable depolymerization; (middle right) rescue in the middle of the GXP island, in which islands partially depolymerized prior to re-growth; (bottom right) catastrophe through the island, in which the GXP island completely depolymerized.</p

Dynamic Light Scattering Microrheology Reveals Multiscale Viscoelasticity of Polymer Gels and Precious Biological Materials

The development of experimental techniques capable of probing the viscoelasticity of soft materials over a broad range of time scales is essential to uncovering the physics that governs their behavior. In this work, we develop a microrheology technique that requires only 12 μL of sample and is capable of resolving dynamic behavior ranging in time scales from 10^–6 to 10 s. Our approach, based on dynamic light scattering in the single-scattering limit, enables the study of polymer gels and other soft materials over a vastly larger hierarchy of time scales than macrorheology measurements. Our technique captures the viscoelastic modulus of polymer hydrogels with a broad range of stiffnesses from 10 to 10⁴ Pa. We harness these capabilities to capture hierarchical molecular relaxations in DNA and to study the rheology of precious biological materials that are impractical for macrorheology measurements, including decellularized extracellular matrices and intestinal mucus. The use of a commercially available benchtop setup that is already available to a variety of soft matter researchers renders microrheology measurements accessible to a broader range of users than existing techniques, with the potential to reveal the physics that underlies complex polymer hydrogels and biological materials

Additional file 4: Figure S4. of Rapid, precise quantification of bacterial cellular dimensions across a genomic-scale knockout library

Morphological analysis of the Keio collection reveals correlations between cell width and intracellular width variability. Contours from cells from each Keio deletion strain were extracted from images acquired from the NBRP repository and used to compute the mean width and width profile across each cell. For each cell, we then computed the standard deviation of the width profile divided by the mean width to obtain the intracellular width variability. White circles and error bars were obtained by binning strains by mean width; blue lines are the fit to binned averages. R is Pearson’s correlation coefficient; p-value was computed with Student’s t-test. (PDF 111 kb