How different anthropogenic environments have shaped the genome of S. cerevisiae ?

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae plays an important role in food and beverage fermentations. In order to known how environmental constraints imposed by anthropogenic niches have shaped S. cerevisiae genomes and phenotypes, we sequenced the genome of 82 S. cerevisiae strains from various ecological origins. Using these genomic data, we found additional genetic elements acquired by introgression or by horizontal transfer. Here, we present two remarkable examples of divergent adaptation associated to yeast domestication for wine and milk fermentation. Firstly, we demonstrated the role of oligopeptide transporters encoded by FOT genes, which are recently acquired by wine yeasts from Torulaspora microellipsoides. These transporters with a broader specificity than S. cerevisiae dipeptides transporters, confer a strong competitive advantage during grape must fermentation and thus play a key role in the adaptation of wine yeasts to the nitrogen-limited wine fermentation environment. The genome of cheese strains, secondly, present some particular features. Genes of the GAL locus were replaced by their orthologues from a species apparently basal to the Saccharomyces clade. Allelic exchange of this locus in a wine strain enables improves growth speed in a media containing the two hexoses such as when released from the hydrolysis of lactose. In addition, a highly divergent high affinity transporter GAL2 and a specific allele of the regulator GAL80 were found. This work highlights the remarkable plasticity of yeast genomes as a mechanism of their adaptation to their environment

Torulaspora delbrueckii phenotypic and metabolic profiling towards its biotechnological exploitation

Wine is a particularly complex beverage resulting from the combination of several factors, with yeasts being highlighted due to their fundamental role in its development. For many years, non-Saccharomyces yeasts were believed to be sources of spoilage and contamination, but this idea was challenged, and many of these yeasts are starting to be explored for their beneficial input to wine character. Among this group, Torulaspora delbrueckii is gaining relevance within the wine industry, owing to its low volatile acidity production, increased release of aromatic compounds and enhanced color intensity. In addition, this yeast was also attracting interest in other biotechnological areas, such as bread and beer fermentation. In this work, a set of 40 T. delbrueckii strains, of varied geographical and technological origins, was gathered in order to characterize the phenotypic behavior of this species, focusing on different parameters of biotechnological interest. The fermentative performance of the strains was also evaluated through individual fermentations in synthetic grape must with the isolates’ metabolic profile being assessed by HPLC. Data analysis revealed that T. delbrueckii growth is significantly affected by high temperature (37 °C) and ethanol concentrations (up to 18%), alongside 1.5 mM SO2, showing variable fermentative power and yields. Our computation models suggest that the technological origin of the strains seems to prevail over the geographical origin as regards the influence on yeast properties. The inter-strain variability and profile of the products through the fermentative processes reinforce the potential of T. delbrueckii from a biotechnological point of view.This work was supported by the UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569) and UID/BIA/04050/2019 strategic programs and by the project PTDC/BIA-MIC/32059/2017, which is funded by national funds through the FCT-Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia and by the ERDFEuropean Regional Development Fund through the COMPETE2020–Programa Operacional Competitividade e Internacionalização (POCI) and Sistema de Apoio à Investigação Científica e Tecnológica (SAICT). FS-S and TF were supported by Fellowships (UI/BD/150873/2021 and 2021.04595.BD, respectively) from Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, Portugal

A influência do teatro no turismo em Curitiba

Orientador : Sandro Campos NevesMonografia (graduação) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Humanas, Curso de Graduação em TurismoInclui referênciasResumo : O presente trabalho analisou o atual cenário de teatro em Curitiba e a influência exercida pelo Festival de Teatro de Curitiba no turismo da cidade. Para cumprir com o objetivo central, realizou-se pesquisa exploratória e bibliográfica, que fundamentaram o referencial teórico, dividido nos seguintes tópicos: turismo e cultura; eventos e turismo; teatro e festivais; festival de teatro de Curitiba; Espaço Positivo. Em seguida, foi aplicada a técnica de estudo de caso para o público presente na 27° edição do Festival, sendo a coleta de dados realizada por meio de questionários previamente estruturados, além de um roteiro de entrevista aplicado a gestora do Teatro Positivo, para compreender melhor a oferta da cidade. A análise dos dados coletados foi realizada por análise de conteúdo, onde as informações foram apresentadas através de gráficos e quadros, que auxiliaram na interpretação dos dados. As informações obtidas possibilitaram uma melhor interpretação da cena teatral de Curitiba, com foco no Festival de Teatro de Curitiba e no Teatro Positivo, objetos de estudo desse trabalho. Foi possível identificar que o teatro como influência para atrair a visita de turistas não é satisfatória, sendo a maior parte do público presente de Curitiba e região. Em resposta, propôs-se um projeto que utiliza uma estratégia de marketing online, através de mídias sociais, que consiste na elaboração de postagens em plataformas acessadas pelo público alvo do evento, com o objetivo de melhorar a divulgação, trazendo um número maior de visitantes.Abstract : The present paper analyzed the current theater scene in Curitiba and the influence exerted by the Festival de Teatro de Curitiba in the city tourism. In order to fulfill the central objective, an exploratory and bibliographical research was carried out, which based the theoretical reference, divided in the following topics: tourism and culture; events and tourism; theater and festivals; Festival de Teatro de Curitiba; Espaço Positivo. Then, the case study technique was applied to the audience present at the 27th Festival de Teatro de Curitiba, and the data collection was carried out through previously structured questionnaires, as well as an interview script applied to the Teatro Positivo manager, to understand better the offer of the city. The analysis of the collected data was performed by content analysis, where the information was presented through graphs and tables, which helped in the interpretation of the data. The information obtained allowed a better interpretation of the theatrical scene of Curitiba, focusing on the Festival de Teatro de Curitiba and Teatro Positivo, objects of study of this paper. It was possible to identify that the theater as an influence to attract the visit of tourists is not satisfactory, being the majority of the present public of Curitiba and region. In response, a project was proposed that uses an online marketing strategy, through social media, which consists in the elaboration of postings on platforms accessed by the target audience of the event, with the aim of improving the publicity, bringing a greater number of visitors

Where is VALDO? VAscular Lesions Detection and segmentatiOn challenge at MICCAI 2021

Imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease provide valuable information on brain health, but their manual assessment is time-consuming and hampered by substantial intra- and interrater variability. Automated rating may benefit biomedical research, as well as clinical assessment, but diagnostic reliability of existing algorithms is unknown. Here, we present the results of the VAscular Lesions DetectiOn and Segmentation (Where is VALDO?) challenge that was run as a satellite event at the international conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer Aided Intervention (MICCAI) 2021. This challenge aimed to promote the development of methods for automated detection and segmentation of small and sparse imaging markers of cerebral small vessel disease, namely enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) (Task 1), cerebral microbleeds (Task 2) and lacunes of presumed vascular origin (Task 3) while leveraging weak and noisy labels. Overall, 12 teams participated in the challenge proposing solutions for one or more tasks (4 for Task 1-EPVS, 9 for Task 2-Microbleeds and 6 for Task 3-Lacunes). Multi-cohort data was used in both training and evaluation. Results showed a large variability in performance both across teams and across tasks, with promising results notably for Task 1-EPVS and Task 2-Microbleeds and not practically useful results yet for Task 3-Lacunes. It also highlighted the performance inconsistency across cases that may deter use at an individual level, while still proving useful at a population level