Transmission control of schistosomiasis mansoni in a low endemicity area through a single intervention with rigorous prospection of infected cases treated with praziquantel: evaluation after 7 years of intervention

A prospective cohort study with rigorous searching for schistosomiasis cases was conducted among residents of Pedra Preta, Montes Claros, Minas Gerais State, Brazil, seven years after an intervention. Kato-Katz (KK), Saline Gradient, Miracidia Hatch and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) were used as the diagnostic methods in 2008. In the period of 2013-2016, 175 patients remaining in the area were examined using the diagnostic methods Kato-Katz (24 slides, 1 g of feces) and Saline Gradient (2 procedures, 1 g of feces). Sixty-eight out of the 69 infected and treated individuals in 2008 tested negative. The percentage of new cases was 2.29% (4/175), and the 4 infected individuals presented low parasitic load [1, 6, 7 and 19 eggs per gram (EPG)]. All the participants answered epidemiological questionnaires on risky behavior. All residences had pit latrines and domiciliary water supply. The primary transmission focus (lake) was dry for several months. Malacological surveys showed a few non-infected specimens of Biomphalaria glabrata. A clear dominance of Biomphalaria straminea was observed. It can be inferred that a significant decrease in the disease transmission occurred after a single action through an intense search for infected and treated cases under the ecoepidemiological conditions of this area

Cysticercosis in free-ranging agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon

Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. Departamento de Patologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil / Universidade Paulista. Instituto de Ciências da Saúde. Campinas, SP, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade de São Paulo. Instituto de Medicina Tropical. Departamento de Gastroenterologia. São Paulo, SP, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde e Ambiente. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.The study describes the occurrence of cysticercosis in liver of 22 wild agoutis (Dasyprocta leporina) in the Brazilian Amazon. The phylogenetic analysis and microscopic characteristics of metacestodes in liver tissue sections, associated with the geographic distribution of the intermediate hosts indicated that a possibly novel Taenia sp. metacestode caused the parasitism. Additionally, two cases of hepatic co-infection by Taenia sp., Calodium sp. and Echinococcus oligarthra were also observed among the analyzed animals. The results point to the need for a better understanding of hepatotropic parasites among wild rodents in the Brazilian Amazon

Investigación serológica, molecular y anatomopatológica para leptospirosis en ovinos (Ovis aries) procedentes de un bioterio de cría

Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Laboratório de Investigação e Diagnóstico de Enfermidades Animal. Belém, PA, Brasil.Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia. Laboratório de Investigação e Diagnóstico de Enfermidades Animal. Belém, PA, Brasil.Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil.The current paper reports an outbreak of leptospirosis in sheep production created with the purpose of blood supply to laboratories for production of growth medium and complement fixation test. Serological, molecular and histopathological analyses were performed. Serologic analysis was performed on 12 samples using the microscopic agglutination test with cutoff point of 100 for the serovars: Leptospira Bataviae, L. Javanica, L. Panama, L. Hebdomadis, L. Castellonis, L. Icterohaemorrhagiae, L. Pyrogenes, L. Cynopteri, L. Serjoe, L. Australis, L. Wolffi, L. Copenhageni, L. Autumnalis, L. Pomona e L. Tarassovi. Anatomopathological examination was performed on only one animal, which was found dead and molecular analyzes were performed in its blood and urine using the qPCR technique. 50% of those animals were reagents to the serological diagnosis, being identified the serovars: L. Copenhageni (1/100 e 1/200), L. Castellonis (1/200 e 1/200), L. Icterohaemorrhagiae (1/200) e L. Cynopteri (1/200). The necropsied animal presented bleeding, jaundice and hemoglobinuria. Molecular analysis showed three positive animals in blood samples and two positive animals in urine samples, with no concomitant positivity for each animal. The identification of Icterohaemorrhagiae and Copenhageni serovars suggests the need for studies aiming the agent isolation in the Brazilian Amazon Region and characterization of its pathogenicity since in Brazil these are the main etiologic agents of leptospirosis cases in humans.O presente trabalho relata um surto de leptospirose ocorrido no plantel de ovinos criados com finalidade de fornecimento de sangue aos laboratórios para produção de meios de cultivos e de testes de fixação de complemento. Foram realizadas análises sorológica, molecular e histopatológica. A análise sorológica foi realizada em 12 amostras utilizando o teste de soroaglutinação microscópica com ponto de corte 100, para os sorovares Leptospira Bataviae, L. Javanica, L. Panama, L. Hebdomadis, L. Castellonis, L. Icterohaemorrhagiae, L. Pyrogenes, L. Cynopteri, L. Serjoe, L. Australis, L. Wolffi, L. Copenhageni, L. Autumnalis, L. Pomona e L. Tarassovi. O exame anatomopatológico foi realizado somente em um dos animais, o qual foi encontrado morto e as análises moleculares foram realizadas no sangue e na urina utilizando a técnica do qPCR. Foram reagentes ao diagnóstico sorológico 50% dos animais, sendo identificados os sorovares L. Copenhageni (1/100 e 1/200), L. Castellonis (1/200 e 1/200), L. Icterohaemorrhagiae (1/200) e L. Cynopteri (1/200). O animal necropsiado apresentou hemorragia, icterícia e hemoglobinúria. A análise molecular demonstrou três animais positivos em amostras de sangue e dois animais positivos em amostras de urina, não havendo positividade concomitante para um mesmo animal. A identificação dos sorovares Icterohaemorrhagiae e Copenhageni sugere a necessidade de estudos, visando o isolamento do agente na região e a caracterização de sua patogenicidade, visto que no Brasil estes são os principais agentes etiológicos dos casos de leptospirose em humanos

Covid-19 in adolescent patients in the Brazilian population with sickle cell anemia: A Review

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia due to recent scientific evidence suggests that individuals with disease are considered a risk group and SARS-CoV-2 and spreads rapidly in this group of patients with diseases due to lack of inherited immunity, has a high lethality rate among young people and children and patients with associated comorbidities such as Diabetes Mellitus. Objective: to analyze the profile of patients with sickle cell anemia and their immunological motivations for worsening in positive cases of COVID-19 from a systematic review. Results: Initially, 217 articles were identified, of which 213 were removed because they were not related to the theme of the review, or because they were duplicated or did not have the abstract. The 04 selected articles were classified into two thematic axes to be performed the analysis. Discussion:  This systematic review study is the first with sickle cell anemia and COVID-19 in the adolescent population with a limited resource configuration that shows the inherent need in the management of both diseases. However, in this systematic review, the four included studies showed a favorable evolution of the infectious process by COVID-19, and deaths occurred in adolescent patients who concomitantly had multiple comorbidities, for example, DM. Conclusion: It was found in this systematic review study that COVID-19 infection may accentuate the presence of vasculopathy in patients with sickle cell anemia and may increase pain to varying degrees

HEV infection in swine from Eastern Brazilian Amazon: Evidence of co-infection by different subtypes

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a fecal-orally transmitted member of the genus Hepevirus that causes acute hepatitis in humans and is widely distributed throughout the world. Pigs have been reported as the main source of genotypes 3 and 4 infection to humans in non-endemic areas. To investigate HEV infection in pigs from different regions of Para state (Eastern Brazilian Amazon), we performed serological and molecular analyses of serum, fecal and liver samples from 151 adult pigs slaughtered between April and October 2010 in slaughterhouses in the metropolitan region of Belem, Para. Among the animals tested, 8.6% (13/151) were positive for anti-HEV IgG but not for anti-HEV IgM. HEV RNA was detected in 4.8% (22/453) of the samples analyzed and 9.9% (15/151) of the animals had at least one positive sample. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all sequences belonged to genotype 3 that were related to human isolates from other non-endemic regions, suggesting that the isolates had zoonotic potential. Subtypes 3c and 3f were simultaneously detected in some pigs, suggesting co-infection by more than one strain and/or the presence of a recombinant virus. These results constitute the first molecular and serologic evidence of swine HEV circulation in the Eastern Brazilian Amazon. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Instituto Evandro Chagas/Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saude/Ministerio da SaudeInstituto Evandro Chagas/Secretaria de Vigilancia em Saude/Ministerio da SaudeCoordenacao de aperfeicoamento de pessoal de nivel superior - CAPES/Universidade Federal do Para - UFPACoordenacao de aperfeicoamento de pessoal de nivel superior CAPES/Universidade Federal do Para UFPAFundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo - FAPESP [2010/50081-9, 2009/53946-3