¿Cómo se asocian las conductas de consumo de alimentos con la ingesta de frutas y verduras en adultos Españoles?

Introducción: A pesar de la evidencia de que la ingesta de frutas y verduras es recomendable para la salud, el consumo de ambos grupos de alimentos no es adecuado en España. Objetivo: Identificar conductas de consumo de alimentos (CCA) que se asocien a un consumo recomendado de frutas (CRF) y verduras (CRV). Métodos: Durante las “Jornadas de Prevención en Salud” realizadas en cuatro ciudades de España en 2008, se recogieron datos de 1501 individuos (20-79 años) sobre distintas CCA como el número de comidas realizadas durante el día, comer algo a media mañana y en la merienda y comer entre las cinco comidas principales, así como sobre el consumo diario de raciones de frutas y verduras. Un consumo recomendado fue definido cuando se ingirieron más de una fruta y verdura al día, utilizándolos como variables dependientes en los análisis de regresión logística. Resultado: Tomar más de tres comidas diarias (OR 2.5; IC 95% 1.9-3.2), merendar (OR 2.0; IC 95% 1.5-2.6) y comer a media mañana (OR 1.7; IC 95% 1.3-2.3) se asocian con un CRF. Las probabilidades de un CRV aumenta con más de tres comidas diarias (OR1.3; IC 95% 1.1-1.6) y comer a media mañana (OR 1.7; IC 95% 1.4-2.1). Las CCA estudiadas se asocian a un CRF y CRV, independientemente del sexo, edad y otros hábitos de vida. Conclusión: De forma que, incentivar la realización de más ingestas diarias, incluyendo consumos a media mañana y en la merienda, deberían ser promovidos en las acciones destinadas a la mejora del estado nutricional de la población españolaIntroduction: Despite the evidence that the intake of fruits and vegetables is a healthy habit, the consumption of both food groups is insufficient in Spain. Objective: The study aims to indentify meal intake behaviour (MIB) potentially associated with the recommended consumption of fruits (RCF) and vegetables (RCV). Methods: During the Cardiovascular Health events "Jornadas de Prevención en Salud" in four Spanish cities, we assessed MIB like the daily meal frequency, the intake of forenoon and afternoon meal and snacking between the five main meals, as well as information about the daily rations of fruit and vegetables, from 1501 Spanish adults aged 20-79 years. A recommended consumption was defined when more than one ration of fruit and vegetable were consumed per day and used as dependent variables in logistic regression. Results: Having more than three meals (OR 2.5; IC 95% 1.9-3.2), a forenoon meal (OR 1.7; IC 95% 1.3- 2.3) as well as having an afternoon meal (OR 2.0; IC 95% 1.5-2.6) were associated with the RCF. The probability of a RCV increased with the consumption of more than three meals per day (OR 1.3; IC 95% 1.1- 1.6) and having a forenoon meal (OR 1.7; IC 95% 1.4- 2.1). Our results were independent of sex, age and other lifestyle factors. Conclusion Therefore, the consumption of more than three meals, including a forenoon meal and an afternoon meal should be promoted to improve the nutritional status of the Spanish populationA la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid por financiar mediante una beca de estudio a una autora de este trabaj

Asociación entre conductas relacionadas con la ingesta de alimentos y tensión arterial en adultos españoles

Introduction and objectives: Eating frequency has been suggested to modify blood pressure. Yet, the results are inconclusive, possibly because eating frequency, particularly meal intake behavior (MIB), does not differentiate between meals and snacks. Hence, the aim of this study was to examine the association between more specifi c MIBs, like the consumption of the three main meals, the intake of forenoon and afternoon meals and snacking between the regular meals, and systolic/diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP). Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 1,314 Spanish adults aged 20-79 years. Data collection occurred during cardiovascular health day events organized in four Spanish cities (Madrid, Las Palmas, Seville and Valencia) in 2008. Linear regression analysis was performed to assess the independent association between the mentioned MIBs and SBP/DBP, controlling for several confounders in multiples models. Results: After adjusting for sex, age and individual risk factors, having an afternoon meal was associated with lower SBP (ß -3.91, 95% CI [-6.33, -1.49]) and DBP (ß -2.35, 95% CI [-3.76, -0.94]). This association was attenuated when introducing dietary intake and waist circumference in the predictive models (SBP: ß -2.83, 95% CI [-5.25, -0.40]; DBP: ß -1.67, 95% CI [-3.04, -0.31]), although it still remained signifi cant. None of the other investigated MIBs showed any associations with SBP/DBP. Conclusions: This study suggests that SBP/DBP might be reduced by the intake of an afternoon meal. However, population-based prospective studies are needed in order to confi rm the consequences of the investigated associations on healthIntroducción y objetivos: evidencias sugieren que el número de ingestas alimentarias modifi can la presión arterial. Sin embargo, los resultados encontrados no son concluyentes, probablemente debido a que esta conducta relacionada con la ingesta de alimentos (CRIA) no diferencia entre comidas y snacks. Este estudio examina la asociación entre CRIA más específi cas como la realización de las tres comidas principales, de la media mañana, de la merienda y picar entre las comidas regulares, y la tensión arterial sistólica y diastólica (TAS y TAD). Métodos: es un estudio transversal, en el cual fueron incluidos 1.314 españoles (20-79 años). Los datos fueron recogidos en las Jornadas de Salud Cardiovascular en Madrid, Las Palmas, Sevilla y Valencia, durante el año 2008. Se aplicaron análisis de regresión lineal, controlando el efecto de diversos factores de confusión en múltiples modelos. Resultados: después de ajustar por sexo, edad y factores de riesgo individual, tomar la merienda se asoció directamente a menor TAS (ß -3,91, 95% CI [-6,33, -1,49]) y TAD (ß -2,35, 95% CI [-3,76, -0,94]). La introducción del consumo alimentario y la circunferencia de cintura en los modelos predictivos atenuó esta asociación (TAS: ß -2,83, 95% CI [-5,25, -0,40]; TAD: ß -1,67, 95% CI [-3,04, -0,31]). Ninguna de las otras CRIA investigadas mostró asociaciones con TAS y TAD. Conclusiones: el estudio sugiere que tanto la TAS como la TAD podrían verse reducidas mediante la ingesta de la merienda, aunque se requieren estudios adicionales para confi rmar y profundizar en las consecuencias sobre la salud de las asociaciones investigada

Nivel de actitud y comportamiento sobre Salud e Higiene Bucal en escolares de nivel primario

Introducción: los escolares viven un período intenso donde se desarrollan  los procesos de aprendizaje y se va creando su propia identidad; se caracteriza esta etapa por cambios cognoscitivos, emocionales y sociales, se forjan valores, actitudes y conductas frente a la vida y se  construye la base de los estilos de vida. Objetivo: determinar el nivel de actitud y comportamiento sobre salud bucal en escolares de nivel primario. Material y Métodos: se efectuó una investigación observacional de corte  transversal. El universo estuvo constituido por los 116 escolares de la Escuela "Pedro Albizu Campos". Para la identificación de las variables actitud y comportamiento sobre Salud Bucal, se aplicó una encuesta; el nivel de Higiene Bucal se determinó mediante el Índice de Higiene oral Simplificado. Se aplicó el test Chi-cuadrado de Pearson, para identificar la relación entre las variables. Resultados: el nivel de actitud y comportamiento fue de regular en 79,31%; 91.4% afirman que visitan al estomatólogo y 85.3% consideran haber tenido una experiencia agradable, 88,8 % refieren que es importante el cepillado y 73,3 % que emplean otros medios auxiliares para la higiene bucal. Conclusiones: los escolares presentaron niveles regulares de actitud y comportamiento sobre Salud Bucal; resultados que justifican el desarrollo de Programas Educativos en los escolares. Más de la mitad presentan un nivel adecuado de Higiene Bucal. No existiendo una relación significativa entre las variables estudiadas.Palabras clave: salud bucal, higiene bucal, actitud, escolares.ABSTRACTIntroduction: Schoolchildren live an intensive stage where are develop learning process and are going creating their own identity, this stage is characterized by cognitive, emotional and social changes and at the same time are creating values, attitudes and behavior  facing live and are constructed the base of live styles. Objective: determine the level of attitudes and behavior on Oral Health of children at the primary level. Material and Methods: an observational cross-sectional trial was performed. The universe consisted in 116 schoolchildren of second cycle of the primary level belonging to the Primary school Pedro Albizu Campos. To identify the variables attitudes and behaviors on Oral health, a questionnaire was designed, taking into account the Oral health criteria.  The level of oral hygiene was determined by the examination of children and calculating the simplify oral hygiene index. Through the test of Chi square of Pearson, the relationship between variables of attitude and behavior and oral hygiene was established.   Results: the children´s level of attitude and behavior were classified as regular in 79, 31%. The 91, 4% of the schoolchildren, recognized that they visited the dental clinic. The other 85, 3 % affirms that they had a nice experience. The 88, 8% are sure that brushing is a very important part of Oral Health. And the 73, 3% employed other means towards Oral Hygiene. Conclusions: the schoolchildren had a regular level of attitude and behavior about Oral Health, more than half the schoolchildren had a high level of Oral Hygiene. A no significant relation between the studied variable were found.Key words: oral health, oral hygiene, attitude, schoolchildren. Normal 0 21 false false false ES X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Tabla normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-fami

Effectivenes of dietary supplementation with Caralluma fimbriata in metabolic syndrome reduction during climacteric period

Introducción: La obesidad y el exceso de grasa visceral habitualmente se asocian a la hipertensión y a altos niveles de glucosa plasmática y lípidos séricos. La creciente prevalencia de estos factores de riesgo cardiometabólico está generando el desarrollo de fármacos y suplementos alimentarios, destinados a su control y tratamiento. Los productos que contienen Caralluma fimbriata han sido probados en algunos ensayos clínicos previos y recomendados para bajar peso y estabilizar las variables fisiológicas. Objetivos: Valorar la eficacia de un suplemento nutricional (OBEX®) sobre la composición corporal y el estado fisiológico de mujeres en fase climatérica. Métodos: La muestra fue de 44 mujeres (25 pre menopáusicas; 19 post menopaúsicas) residentes en la comunidad de Madrid, con un índice de masa corporal superior a 25kg/m2 y edades comprendidas entre 35 y 62 años. Previo consentimiento informado se sometieron a un tratamiento de 8 g diarios de (OBEX®) (3 g/dia de Caralluma fimbriata) durante dos meses. Al comienzo y final de dicho periodo se les midió la talla, el peso, perímetros umbilical de la cintura y cadera, los pliegues grasos subcutáneos y la composición corporal mediante impedancia eléctrica (TANITA®600). Se estimó el índice de masa corporal y el índice cintura cadera y se evaluaron los niveles de colesterol, glucosa en sangre y presión arterial. Resultados: Tras dos meses de tratamiento, el 52,78 % de las participantes habían bajado peso con una pérdida media de 1,86 Kg. Las premenopaúsicas disminuyeron significativamente el grosor de los pliegues bicipital (3,3mm), subescapular (2,5mm) y suprailíaco (3,1mm). Las postmenopáusicas redujeron el bicipital (1,2mm), tricipital (2,3mm), subescapular (2mm) y suprailíaco (3,1mm) e incrementaron la masa muscular del tronco (0,5 kg p<0,05). En ambos grupos bajó la proporción de mujeres clasificadas con obesidad abdominal a partir del índice cintura cadera así como la prevalencia de hipertensión, hipercolesterolemia, e hiperglucemia. Discusión: La pérdida de volumen y ganancia de masa muscular empleando suplementos que contienen Caralluma fimbriata, podría ayudar a disminuir factores de riesgo cardiovascular durante la menopausia, al menos en la dosis suministrada en el presente trabajo, algo superior a la utilizada en estudios previos, parte de los cuales también reportan disminución significativa de las variables antropométricas y fisioló- gicas analizadas. Conclusiones: Los resultados obtenidos con una ingesta de suplemento de OBEX® (3g/día de Caralluma fimbriata) son prometedores para el tratamiento de la obesidad central y la prevención el síndrome metabólico en mujeres climatéricas. Sin embargo, para asegurar su eficacia es necesario llevar a cabo estudios de mayor alcance, con mayor efectivo muestral y control de variables como la dieta y la actividad físicaIntroduction: Obesity and visceral fat excess are normally related to high blood pressure and increased plasmatic glucose and serum lipid levels. The growing prevalence of those cardiometabolic risk factors is promoting the development of drugs and dietary supplements, in order to control and treat them. Products containing Caralluma fimbriata have already been tested in some prior clinical trials and are proposed to help in weight loss and stabilization of physiological variables. Objectives: Evaluate the efficacy of a dietary supplement (OBEX®) on body composition and physiological status of women in climateric phase. Methods: The sample consisted of 44 women (25 premenopausal; 19 postmenopausal women) who resided in the county of Madrid, with a body mass index over 25 kg/m2; and ages between 35 and 62 years old. After signing an informed consent form, all participants were subjected to a treatment of 8g a day (OBEX®) (3g/day of caralluma fimbriata) during two months. At both the beginning and the end of the treatment, height, weight, waist and hip umbilical perimeters, thickness of subcutaneous folds and body composition by electrical impedance (TANITA® 600) were measured. body mass index and waist-hip ratio were estimated and both blood cholesterol and glucose levels as well as blood pressure were assessed. Results: After two months of treatment, 52.78% of participants had lost weight resulting in an average weight loss of 1.86Kg. Premenopausal women had significantly decreased the thickness of their bicipital (3.3mm), subscapular (2.5mm) and suprailiac (3.1mm) skinfolds. Besides, postmenopausal women had reduced their bicipital (1.2mm), tricipital (2.3mm), subs - capular (2.0mm) and suprailiac (3.1mm) skinfolds and had increased their trunk muscle mass (0.5 Kg). In both groups the amount of women classified with abdominal obesity by means of waist-hip ratio decreased, in addition to a lowering in the prevalence of high blood pressure, hypercholesterolemia and hyperglycemia. Discussion: The weigth loss and muscle mass profit obtained using supplements containing Caralluma fimbriata, could help to decrease cardiovascular risk facts during menopause, at least employing the dose submitted in this work, greater than that used in previous studies, some of which also report a significant reduction in the analyzed anthropometric and physiological variables. Conclusions: The obtained results with the intake of the supplement OBEX® (containing 3g/day of Caralluma fimbriata) are promising for the treatment of central obesity and prevention of metabolic syndrome in climacteric women. However, it is necessary to carry out larger significance studies to verify its efficacy, employing a bigger sample and controlling variables such as diet and physical activityEl equipo investigador agradece a las participantes en este estudio su colaboración altruista en el mismo. Este trabajo se ha desarrollado mediante el convenio subscrito entre la Fundación de la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid y los laboratorios Catalysis S.L. Un avance de la presente investigación fue presentado en las XIX Jornadas Internacionales de Nutrición Práctica, organizadas por la Sociedad Española de Dietética y Ciencias de la Alimentación (SEDCA) y el grupo SPRIM, obteniendo el premio a la mejor comunicación en la categoría de Innovación, Alimentación y Nutrició

La composition corporelle des adolescentes. La mode et quelques répercussions cliniques

Les changements biologiques et psychologiques qui surviennent au moment de la croissance fragilisent l’enfant et peuvent favoriser des facteurs de risque durant cette période de maturation et dans sa future vie d’adulte. L’influence de la publicité et la pression sociale font naître, essentiellement chez les filles, un nouveau prototype corporel où l’extrême maigreur n’est plus l’exception comme c’était le cas dans les périodes précédentes. Pour détecter les possibles risques ou maladies causés par de telles modifications, 134 adolescentes de la ville de Madrid et de sa banlieue, âgées de 15 à 17 ans, ont été échantillonnées. Les participantes connaissaient les objectifs de l’étude et y ont participé volontairement avec le consentement parental. Deux sous-échantillons contrastés ont été comparés, en fonction de l’indice de masse corporelle (groupes au-dessous et au-dessus de la limite du dixième percentile somatique, soit IMC = 17). On constate une très basse ingestion de calories (900 Kcal/jours) pour les filles avec un IMC < 17, et une diminution de la proportion recommandée d’hydrates de carbone. On remarque également une prise alimentaire irrégulière et des comportements alimentaires à risque. La composition corporelle est modifiée par rapport aux normes habituelles chez la femme, ce qui pourrait être la cause de 77.7 % des aménorrhées et de l’androgénicité dans la distribution des graisses.The biological and psychological changes which occur during growth stages render children fragile, which can favour risk factors during the period of maturation as well as later on in adult life. The influence of advertising and social pressure is particularly strong in the case of girls, and a new prototype of body proportion has emerged in which extreme thinness is no longer the exception as it has been in previous periods. In order to detect the possible risks and diseases caused by such modifications, 134 adolescent girls in the city of Madrid and its outskirts, aged 15 to 17 years of age, were sampled. The participants understood the objectives of the study and participated voluntarily with parental consent. Two contrasting sub-samples were compared, according to the index of body mass (groups below and above the limit of the somatic tenth percentile, that is BMI = 17). A very low nutritional intake was observed (900 Kcal/day) for the girls with a BMI < 17, as well as a decrease in the recommended proportion of carbohydrates. Irregularity of food intake and risky food-related behaviours were noted. The body composition was modified in comparison to female body norms, which could be the cause of 77% of amenorrhoeas and of androgenicity in fat distribution

Fundamental aspects for the preparation of students of Medical Sciences

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica en aras de confirmar la hipótesis de algunos autores sobre la relación que existe entre la extracción sostenida y en ascenso del petróleo durante más de 150 años y la tendencia alcista de la actividad sísmica en diferentes países, demostrar que con el incremento de países que extraen petróleo, existe un ascenso de la actividad sísmica. Con el propósito de que los resultados puedan utilizarse para enriquecer y nutrir de informaciones actualizadas a los estudiantes al recibir los programas de Preparación para la defensa I Y II, y Medicina de desastres I y III, a la hora de abordar los contenidos sobre terremotos como principales desastres. Se utiliza como modelo la división política administrativa sobre los continentes que concibe a América como un solo continente dividido en tres subcontinentes (América del norte, América del sur y América central ístmica e insular), Europa y Asia, (África, Australia y Oceanía) otro continente, y la Antártida como último.Palabras clave: preparación docente, cultura general, estudiantesA bibliographic review is done to confirm the hypothesis of some authors about the relationship between sustained and rising oil extraction for more than 150 years and the upward trend in seismic activity in different countries, to show that ,with the increase of countries that extract oil, there is an increase in seismic activity. With the purpose that the results can be used to enrich and nurture updated information to the students when receiving the programs of preparation for the defense IY II, Medicine of disasters I and III, when the contents of earthquakes like principal disasters. The administrative political division over the continents is conceived as a single continent divided into three subcontinents (North America, South America and Isthmian and Insular Central America), Europe and Asia (Africa, Australia and Oceania) Another continent, and Antarctica as the last

Fundamental aspects for the preparation of students of Medical Sciences

Se realiza una revisión bibliográfica en aras de confirmar la hipótesis de algunos autores sobre la relación que existe entre la extracción sostenida y en ascenso del petróleo durante más de 150 años y la tendencia alcista de la actividad sísmica en diferentes países, demostrar que con el incremento de países que extraen petróleo, existe un ascenso de la actividad sísmica. Con el propósito de que los resultados puedan utilizarse para enriquecer y nutrir de informaciones actualizadas a los estudiantes al recibir los programas de Preparación para la defensa I Y II, y Medicina de desastres I y III, a la hora de abordar los contenidos sobre terremotos como principales desastres. Se utiliza como modelo la división política administrativa sobre los continentes que concibe a América como un solo continente dividido en tres subcontinentes (América del norte, América del sur y América central ístmica e insular), Europa y Asia, (África, Australia y Oceanía) otro continente, y la Antártida como último.Palabras clave: preparación docente, cultura general, estudiantesA bibliographic review is done to confirm the hypothesis of some authors about the relationship between sustained and rising oil extraction for more than 150 years and the upward trend in seismic activity in different countries, to show that ,with the increase of countries that extract oil, there is an increase in seismic activity. With the purpose that the results can be used to enrich and nurture updated information to the students when receiving the programs of preparation for the defense IY II, Medicine of disasters I and III, when the contents of earthquakes like principal disasters. The administrative political division over the continents is conceived as a single continent divided into three subcontinents (North America, South America and Isthmian and Insular Central America), Europe and Asia (Africa, Australia and Oceania) Another continent, and Antarctica as the last

Anthropology and Style of Life in Middle Age Women

The anthropometric pattern, demographics data, lifestyle factors and several aspects of morbidity were analyzed for 400 Cuban women ages 40–60 years. More than 85% of women were obese, being these in direct association with morphology typically androgens, more evident in the postmenopausal women. In these women observed less body mass index and overweight, in an equivalent way between pre and postmenopausal women. A moderate consumption of rice, was evidenced, pastas and vegetables, few candies and fatty, what points to or quite acceptable knowledge of the harmful effect of some foods, to weigh that the shadowy use of saturated fats and not saturated it was the most frequent thing. By multifactor approach it is possible to make relation between nutritional patterns, morphology and climacteric symptoms; Cuban women present a different frequencies from an other literature showing the risk of generalist this studies and health’s actions

Subscapular and triceps skinfolds reference values of Hispanic American children and adolescents and their comparison with the reference of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

Introduction: the assessment of the skinfold thickness is an objective measure of adiposity. Therefore, it is a useful tool for nutritional diagnosis and prevention of metabolic risk associated with excess fat in chilhood and adolescence. Objective: to provide percentiles of subscapular and triceps skinfolds for Hispanic American schoolchildren and compare them with those published by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) from United States, that it have been commonly used as a reference in most of these countries. Methods: subscapular and triceps skinfolds were measured in 9.973 schoolchildren 4-19 aged from Spain, Argentina, Cuba, Venezuela and Mexico with Holtain caliper with 0.2 mm accuracy. Percentiles were obtained with the LMS statistical method and were presented in tables divided in stages of 6 months and in curves graphics. The difference between Hispanic American and CDC mean values were provided for P3, P50 and P97 in mm and also were graphically represented. Results: skinfolds measurements obviously increased with age in both sexes but, in boys, this increase is much more marked in highest percentiles between 8 and 13 years; this maximum is reached earlier than what occurs in CDC reference. In both sexes, all percentiles analized in Hispanic American schoolchildren were higher than the CDC reference except P97 up to 10 or 13 years that was notably smaller. Conclusions: the skinfolds percentiles of Hispanic American children and adolescents differ from CDC that are usually used as reference. The values of subscapular and triceps skinfolds provided in this study, could be applied to populations of a similar ethnic background, especially in comparative studies of body composition