Asthma: Gln27glu And Arg16gly Polymorphisms Of The Beta2-adrenergic Receptor Gene As Risk Factors.

Asthma is caused by both environmental and genetic factors. The ADRB2 gene, which encodes the beta 2-adrenergic receptor, is one of the most extensively studied genes with respect to asthma prevalence and severity. The Arg16Gly (+46A > G) and Gln27Glu (+79C > G) polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene cause changes in the amino acids flanking the receptor ligand site, altering the response to bronchodilators and the risk of asthma through complex pathways. The ADRB2 polymorphisms affect beta-adrenergic bronchodilator action and are a tool to identify at-risk populations. To determine the frequency of these two polymorphisms in allergic asthma patients and healthy subjects and to correlate these data with the occurrence and severity of asthma. Eighty-eight allergic asthma patients and 141 healthy subjects were included in this study. The ADRB2 polymorphisms were analyzed using the amplification-refractory mutation system - polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS 21.0 software using the Fisher's Exact and χ2 tests. The ADRB2 polymorphisms were associated with asthma occurrence. The Arg16Arg, Gln27Gln and Gln27Glu genotypes were risk factors; the odds ratios were 6.782 (CI = 3.07 to 16.03), 2.120 (CI = 1.22 to 3.71) and 8.096 (CI = 3.90 to 17.77), respectively. For the Gly16Gly and Glu27Glu genotypes, the odds ratios were 0.312 (CI = 0.17 to 0.56) and 0.084 (CI = 0.04 to 0.17), respectively. The haplotype analysis showed that there were associations between the following groups: Arg16Arg-Gln27Gln (OR = 5.108, CI = 1.82 to 16.37), Gly16Gly-Glu27Glu (OR = 2.816, CI = 1.25 to 6.54), Arg16Gly-Gln27Glu (OR = 0.048, CI = 0.01 to 0.14) and Gly16Gly-Gln27Glu (OR = 0.1036, CI = 0.02 to 0.39). The polymorphism Gln27Glu was associated with asthma severity, as the Gln27Gln genotype was a risk factor for severe asthma (OR = 2.798, CI = 1.099 to 6.674) and the Gln27Glu genotype was a protective factor for mild (OR = 3.063, CI = 1.037 to 9.041) and severe (OR = 0.182, CI = 0.048 to 0.691) asthma. The Arg16Gly and Gln27Glu polymorphisms in the ADRB2 gene are associated with asthma presence and severity.10

Epidemiological And Genetic Characteristics Associated With The Severity Of Acute Viral Bronchiolitis By Respiratory Syncytial Virus.

to assess the epidemiological and genetic factors associated with severity of acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). the key words bronchiolitis, risk factor, genetics and respiratory syncytial virus, and all combinations among them were used to perform a search in the PubMed, SciELO, and Lilacs databases, of articles published after the year 2000 that included individuals younger than 2 years of age. a total of 1,259 articles were found, and their respective summaries were read. Of these, 81 were selected, which assessed risk factors for the severity of AVB, and were read in full; the 60 most relevant studies were included. The epidemiologic factors associated with AVB severity by RSV were prematurity, passive smoking, young age, lack of breastfeeding, chronic lung disease, congenital heart disease, male gender, ethnicity, viral coinfection, low weight at admission, maternal smoking during pregnancy, atopic dermatitis, mechanical ventilation in the neonatal period, maternal history of atopy and/or asthma during pregnancy, season of birth, low socioeconomic status, Down syndrome, environmental pollution, living at an altitude > 2,500 meters above sea level, and cesarean section birth. Conversely, some children with severe AVB did not present any of these risk factors. In this regard, recent studies have verified the influence of genetic factors on the severity of AVB by RSV. Polymorphisms of the TLRs, RANTES, JUN, IFNA5, NOS2, CX3CR1, ILs, and VDR genes have been shown to be associated with more severe evolution of AVB by RSV. the severity of AVB by RSV is a phenomenon that depends on the varying degrees of interaction among epidemiological, environmental, and genetic variables.89531-4

Estimation of the frequency of Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin in Brazil

Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin (HPFH) is a benign clinical condition characterized by the synthesis of HbF and which continues without hematological alterations during adult life. Since the function of HPFH in many hemoglobinopathies is that of a severity modulator, it is important to learn its frequency. To obtain this information, a study was conducted on 1,846 blood donors from Bragança Paulista, São Paulo State. Hemoglobin was qualitatively analyzed by hemolytic electrophoresis on agarose gel. Qualitative analysis of gammaG and gammaA chains was performed by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide-triton-urea. Two individuals were found to have a high fetal index (0.1%). The percentage of FHb in one individual was 17% and in the other 18%. The gamma G chain was missing in both electrophoretic chains. Cases screened according to laboratory characteristics were of the pancellular hereditary persistence type due to mutation. The frequency in this sample was thus 1/1,000 individuals.Persistência Hereditária de Hemoglobina Fetal (PHHF) é uma condição clinicamente benigna, caracterizada pela síntese contínua da HbF na vida adulta, sem alterações hematológicas. A PHHF funciona como um modulador de gravidade em várias hemoglobinopatias, razão pela qual torna-se importante conhecer a sua freqüência em nosso meio. Desse modo, por intermédio da análise de 1.846 doadores voluntários de sangue da região de Bragança Paulista, São Paulo, procuramos contribuir para a estimativa dessa freqüência populacional. Realizou-se uma análise qualitativa das hemoglobinas pela eletroforese em gel de agarose. A análise qualitativa das cadeias gamaG e gamaA foi realizada pela eletroforese em gel de poliacrilamida-Triton-Uréia. Foram encontrados dois indivíduos com alto índice de hemoglobina fetal (0,1%). Em um dos indivíduos encontramos um percentual de HbF de 17% e no outro de 18%. Nos dois casos a eletroforese de cadeias mostrou uma ausência da cadeia gamaG. Os casos triados, pelas suas características laboratoriais, correspondem à forma pancelular de PHHF, por mutação de ponto. Tal resultado nos permitiu estimar a incidência da PHHF em 1/1.000 indivíduos na população estudada.1469147

Frequency of 677C -> T and 1298A -> C polymorphisms in the 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene in Turner syndrome individuals

Turner syndrome (TS) is an interesting model for investigating the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and non-disjunction because of the high frequency of chromosomal mosaicism among patients with this syndrome. We determined the frequencies of MTHFR 677C -> T and 1298A -> C polymorphic mutations in 49 patients with TS and 200 control individuals. The frequency of the 677C -> T allele was 0.39 for patients and 0.29 for controls while that of the 1298A -> C allele was 0.28 for patients and 0.25 for controls. Genotype frequencies were shown to be different in patients and controls (chi2 = 12.143; p = 0.033), and this was attributable to the higher frequency of the C677C -> T /677C -> T genotype among TS patients. In homozygotes, this mutation might have an effect on somatic chromosome disjunction by decreasing MTHFR activity.414

Caracterização molecular de heterozigotos de talassemia beta

Orientador: Fernando Ferreira CostaTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasDoutoradoDoutor em Biologi

Traço falciforme e tuberculose pulmonar

Orientador: Antonio Sergio RamalhoDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências MédicasResumo: Não informadoAbstract: Not informedMestradoMestre em Biologi

Prevalência da mutação ΔF508 no gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator em pacientes com fibrose cística em um centro de referência no Brasil

OBJETIVO: Verificar a presença da mutação ΔF508 no gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator na população de pacientes com fibrose cística, diagnosticados pelo teste de sódio e cloro no suor, em acompanhamento no Ambulatório de Pneumologia Pediátrica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, centro de referência no tratamento da fibrose cística. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 167 amostras de DNA de pacientes com fibrose cística. O genótipo dos pacientes foi determinado pela técnica de reação da polimerase e realizado cálculo para a frequência dos alelos e genótipos da mutação ΔF508. RESULTADOS: A frequência genotípica encontrada foi, respectivamente, para os genótipos -/-, ΔF508/- e ΔF508/ΔF508: 43,7% (73 pacientes), 32,9% (55 pacientes) e 23,4% (39 pacientes). Do total de 334 alelos analisados, foi observada a frequência de 201 (60,18%) alelos para a ausência da mutação ΔF508 e de 133 (39,82%) para a presença da mutação ΔF508. O cálculo do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg foi realizado, e obtivemos o valor de qui-quadrado = 16,34 (p < 0,001). A população analisada está fora do equilíbrio. Os valores esperados são, para os respectivos genótipos -/-, ΔF508/- e ΔF508/ΔF508: 32,22% (60,48 pacientes), 47,93% (80,04 pacientes) e 15,86% (26,48 pacientes). CONCLUSÕES: Na população analisada, a mutação ΔF508 se mostrou menos prevalente em relação ao alelo sem a mutação. A frequência encontrada neste estudo foi semelhante à de outras regiões do Brasil e do mundo, principalmente devido à origem predominantemente caucasoide da população incluída no estudo

Prevalence of &#916;F508 mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene among cystic fibrosis patients from a Brazilian referral center

OBJECTIVE: To verify the presence of &#916;F508 mutation in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator gene among patients with cystic fibrosis diagnosed by the sweat test for sodium and chlorine and followed at the Pediatric Pneumology Outpatient Clinic of Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brazil, a referral center for the treatment of cystic fibrosis. METHODS: The study analyzed 167 DNA samples from cystic fibrosis patients. Patients' genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction, and allele and genotype frequencies of &#916;F508 mutation were calculated. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies found for -/-, &#916;F508/-, and &#916;F508/&#916;F508 genotypes were respectively: 43.7% (73 patients), 32.9% (55 patients), and 23.4% (39 patients). Of the 334 alleles analyzed, we observed a frequency of 201 (60.18%) alleles for the absence of &#916;F508 mutation and of 133 (39.82%) for the presence of &#916;F508 mutation. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was calculated, obtaining a chi-square value = 16.34 (p < 0.001). The study population was out of equilibrium. The expected values for -/-, &#916;F508/-, and &#916;F508/&#916;F508 genotypes were respectively: 32.22% (60.48 patients), 47.93% (80.04 patients), and 15.86% (26.48 patients). CONCLUSIONS: In the analyzed population, &#916;F508 mutation was less prevalent than the allele without this mutation. The frequency observed in this study was similar to that from other areas in Brazil and in the world, mainly due to the predominantly Caucasian origin of the population included in the study.OBJETIVO: Verificar a presença da mutação &#916;F508 no gene cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator na população de pacientes com fibrose cística, diagnosticados pelo teste de sódio e cloro no suor, em acompanhamento no Ambulatório de Pneumologia Pediátrica da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, centro de referência no tratamento da fibrose cística. MÉTODOS: Foram analisadas 167 amostras de DNA de pacientes com fibrose cística. O genótipo dos pacientes foi determinado pela técnica de reação da polimerase e realizado cálculo para a frequência dos alelos e genótipos da mutação &#916;F508. RESULTADOS: A frequência genotípica encontrada foi, respectivamente, para os genótipos -/-, &#916;F508/- e &#916;F508/&#916;F508: 43,7% (73 pacientes), 32,9% (55 pacientes) e 23,4% (39 pacientes). Do total de 334 alelos analisados, foi observada a frequência de 201 (60,18%) alelos para a ausência da mutação &#916;F508 e de 133 (39,82%) para a presença da mutação &#916;F508. O cálculo do equilíbrio de Hardy-Weinberg foi realizado, e obtivemos o valor de qui-quadrado = 16,34 (p < 0,001). A população analisada está fora do equilíbrio. Os valores esperados são, para os respectivos genótipos -/-, &#916;F508/- e &#916;F508/&#916;F508: 32,22% (60,48 pacientes), 47,93% (80,04 pacientes) e 15,86% (26,48 pacientes). CONCLUSÕES: Na população analisada, a mutação &#916;F508 se mostrou menos prevalente em relação ao alelo sem a mutação. A frequência encontrada neste estudo foi semelhante à de outras regiões do Brasil e do mundo, principalmente devido à origem predominantemente caucasoide da população incluída no estudo.53153