136 research outputs found
Programmable valve represents an efficient and safe tool in the treatment of idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus patients
CSF markers for diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in neurosurgical postoperative patients
Results of the treatment of syringomyelia associated with Chiari malformation: analysis of 60 cases
An updated view of hypothalamic-vascular-pituitary unit function and plasticity
The discoveries of novel functional adaptations of the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary gland for physiological regulation have transformed our understanding of their interaction. The activity of a small proportion of hypothalamic neurons can control complex hormonal signalling, which is disconnected from a simple stimulus and the subsequent hormone secretion relationship and is dependent on physiological status. The interrelationship of the terminals of hypothalamic neurons and pituitary cells with the vasculature has an important role in determining the pattern of neurohormone exposure. Cells in the pituitary gland form networks with distinct organizational motifs that are related to the duration and pattern of output, and modifications of these networks occur in different physiological states, can persist after cessation of demand and result in enhanced function. Consequently, the hypothalamus and pituitary can no longer be considered as having a simple stratified relationship: with the vasculature they form a tripartite system, which must function in concert for appropriate hypothalamic regulation of physiological processes, such as reproduction. An improved understanding of the mechanisms underlying these regulatory features has implications for current and future therapies that correct defects in hypothalamic–pituitary axes. In addition, recapitulating proper network organization will be an important challenge for regenerative stem cell treatment
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NON-ACOUSTIC FACTORS INFLUENCING ACTIVITY OF MIDDLE EAR MUSCLES IN WAKING CATS.
Recommended from our members
NON-ACOUSTIC FACTORS INFLUENCING ACTIVITY OF MIDDLE EAR MUSCLES IN WAKING CATS.
Recommended from our members
Acoustic and nonacoustic factors modifying middle-ear muscle activity in waking cats.
MOST STUDIES OF THE MIDDLE-EAR MUSCLES have emphasized their reflex
role in protecting the inner ear from damaging loud sounds (8,12, 13, 24, 26,
30, 36). Recent demonstrations of middle-ear muscle activity during lowintensity
sounds (29) suggest that these muscles may have a wider role than
merely protecting against mechanical damage. The present experiments
reveal that in waking cats middle-ear muscle activity may be modified by
prior acoustic experience, by nonacoustic factors such as bodily movements,
and by changing the significance of the sound for the animal. This paper
presents an analysis of some of the mechanisms underlying middle-ear
muscle activity and illustrates both sustained and transient contractions
which are regulated according to complex central activities, rather than
responding as a fixed protective reflex arc
Recommended from our members
Acoustic and nonacoustic factors modifying middle-ear muscle activity in waking cats.
MOST STUDIES OF THE MIDDLE-EAR MUSCLES have emphasized their reflex
role in protecting the inner ear from damaging loud sounds (8,12, 13, 24, 26,
30, 36). Recent demonstrations of middle-ear muscle activity during lowintensity
sounds (29) suggest that these muscles may have a wider role than
merely protecting against mechanical damage. The present experiments
reveal that in waking cats middle-ear muscle activity may be modified by
prior acoustic experience, by nonacoustic factors such as bodily movements,
and by changing the significance of the sound for the animal. This paper
presents an analysis of some of the mechanisms underlying middle-ear
muscle activity and illustrates both sustained and transient contractions
which are regulated according to complex central activities, rather than
responding as a fixed protective reflex arc
Optimization of the operative corridor for the resection of craniopharyngiomas in children: the combined frontoorbitozygomatic temporopolar approach
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