Mass Balance of the Pegasus Field Simpson-Ellenburger Petroleum System, Midland Basin, West Texas

As demand for sustainable energy increases, earth scientists seek to meet this demand by economically producing hydrocarbons from petroleum systems. Petroleum systems are complex, therefore multidisciplinary basin modeling analyses are used to gain more information about their dynamic nature. In this study, a mass balance workflow is developed and implemented to identify the quality and quantity of hydrocarbons distributed throughout the Pegasus Field Simpson-Ellenburger petroleum system. Four hypotheses are tested in this analysis which include the variation of hydrocarbon migration direction, alteration of source rock richness, and modification of generation kinetics. Post-testing analyses will also identify the geologic processes and parameters that have the largest impact on modeled results. Modeled results indicate approximately 400 million barrels of condensate oil are in place within the Pegasus Field Ellenburger reservoir. Variation of hydrocarbon expulsion and migration directions result in two possible methods for charging the Ellenburger trap. Downward vertical charge from the Simpson Group delivers enough hydrocarbon fluids to match oil in place estimates, but final oil API gravities are slightly higher than measured data. Similarly, horizontal intraformational charge from the Simpson Group also delivers enough hydrocarbon fluids to match oil in place estimates, but final oil densities are slightly higher than measured data. When more optimistic source rock richness values are applied, the volume of generated and expelled hydrocarbons compared to previous tests increase by a factor of 1.5 which provides more than enough hydrocarbon volumes to match oil in place approximations. Final modeled API gravity are slightly lower compared to produce fluids. When hydrocarbon generation kinetics are altered, 1.5 times the amount of oil and significantly larger gas volumes are retained within the source rock. Expelled hydrocarbon values are reduced, yet the model suggests enough hydrocarbons are expelled to match oil in place approximations. Alteration of generation kinetics result in a final mixed oil API gravity that is lower compared measured data. Seal formation, migration and accumulation, burial history, and timing of geologic events are the most critical geologic processes impacting the petroleum system. Critical parameters include source rock richness, thermal history, source rock generation kinetics, and migration fetch area

Mass Balance of the Pegasus Field Simpson-Ellenburger Petroleum System, Midland Basin, West Texas

As demand for sustainable energy increases, earth scientists seek to meet this demand by economically producing hydrocarbons from petroleum systems. Petroleum systems are complex, therefore multidisciplinary basin modeling analyses are used to gain more information about their dynamic nature. In this study, a mass balance workflow is developed and implemented to identify the quality and quantity of hydrocarbons distributed throughout the Pegasus Field Simpson-Ellenburger petroleum system. Four hypotheses are tested in this analysis which include the variation of hydrocarbon migration direction, alteration of source rock richness, and modification of generation kinetics. Post-testing analyses will also identify the geologic processes and parameters that have the largest impact on modeled results. Modeled results indicate approximately 400 million barrels of condensate oil are in place within the Pegasus Field Ellenburger reservoir. Variation of hydrocarbon expulsion and migration directions result in two possible methods for charging the Ellenburger trap. Downward vertical charge from the Simpson Group delivers enough hydrocarbon fluids to match oil in place estimates, but final oil API gravities are slightly higher than measured data. Similarly, horizontal intraformational charge from the Simpson Group also delivers enough hydrocarbon fluids to match oil in place estimates, but final oil densities are slightly higher than measured data. When more optimistic source rock richness values are applied, the volume of generated and expelled hydrocarbons compared to previous tests increase by a factor of 1.5 which provides more than enough hydrocarbon volumes to match oil in place approximations. Final modeled API gravity are slightly lower compared to produce fluids. When hydrocarbon generation kinetics are altered, 1.5 times the amount of oil and significantly larger gas volumes are retained within the source rock. Expelled hydrocarbon values are reduced, yet the model suggests enough hydrocarbons are expelled to match oil in place approximations. Alteration of generation kinetics result in a final mixed oil API gravity that is lower compared measured data. Seal formation, migration and accumulation, burial history, and timing of geologic events are the most critical geologic processes impacting the petroleum system. Critical parameters include source rock richness, thermal history, source rock generation kinetics, and migration fetch area

United States Department of Defense (DoD) Real Property Repair, Alterations, Maintenance, and Construction Project Contract Data: 2009–2020

Nearly one-half of all construction projects exceed planned costs and schedule, globally [1]. Owners and construction managers can analyze historical project performance data to inform cost and schedule overrun risk-reduction strategies. Though, the majority of open-source project datasets are limited by the number of projects, data dimensionality, and location. A significant global customer of the construction industry, the Department of Defense (DoD) maintains a vast database of historical project data that can be used to determine the sources and magnitude of construction schedule and cost overruns for many continental and international locations. The selection of data provided by the authors is a subset of the U.S. Federal Procurement Data System-Next Generation (FPDS-NG), which stores contractual obligations made by the U.S. Federal Government [2]. The data comprises more than ten fiscal years (1 Oct 2009 – 04 June 2020) of construction contract attributes that will enable researchers to investigate spatiotemporal schedule and cost performance by, but not limited to: contract type, construction type, delivery method, award date, and award value. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the most extensive open-source dataset of its kind, as it provides access to the contract data of 132,662 uniquely identified construction projects totaling $865 billion. Because the DoD\u27s facilities and infrastructure construction requirements and use of private construction firms are congruent with the remainder of the public sector and the private sector, results obtained from analyses of this dataset may be appropriate for broader application

CMOS-based cryogenic control of silicon quantum circuits

The most promising quantum algorithms require quantum processors hosting millions of quantum bits when targeting practical applications. A major challenge towards large-scale quantum computation is the interconnect complexity. In current solid-state qubit implementations, a major bottleneck appears between the quantum chip in a dilution refrigerator and the room temperature electronics. Advanced lithography supports the fabrication of both CMOS control electronics and qubits in silicon. When the electronics are designed to operate at cryogenic temperatures, it can ultimately be integrated with the qubits on the same die or package, overcoming the wiring bottleneck. Here we report a cryogenic CMOS control chip operating at 3K, which outputs tailored microwave bursts to drive silicon quantum bits cooled to 20mK. We first benchmark the control chip and find electrical performance consistent with 99.99% fidelity qubit operations, assuming ideal qubits. Next, we use it to coherently control actual silicon spin qubits and find that the cryogenic control chip achieves the same fidelity as commercial instruments. Furthermore, we highlight the extensive capabilities of the control chip by programming a number of benchmarking protocols as well as the Deutsch-Josza algorithm on a two-qubit quantum processor. These results open up the path towards a fully integrated, scalable silicon-based quantum computer

Notch Signaling Regulates Bile Duct Morphogenesis in Mice

BACKGROUND: Alagille syndrome is a developmental disorder caused predominantly by mutations in the Jagged1 (JAG1) gene, which encodes a ligand for Notch family receptors. A characteristic feature of Alagille syndrome is intrahepatic bile duct paucity. We described previously that mice doubly heterozygous for Jag1 and Notch2 mutations are an excellent model for Alagille syndrome. However, our previous study did not establish whether bile duct paucity in Jag1/Notch2 double heterozygous mice resulted from impaired differentiation of bile duct precursor cells, or from defects in bile duct morphogenesis. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here we characterize embryonic biliary tract formation in our previously described Jag1/Notch2 double heterozygous Alagille syndrome model, and describe another mouse model of bile duct paucity resulting from liver-specific deletion of the Notch2 gene. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data support a model in which bile duct paucity in Notch pathway loss of function mutant mice results from defects in bile duct morphogenesis rather than cell fate specification

Exploring Repetitive DNA Landscapes Using REPCLASS, a Tool That Automates the Classification of Transposable Elements in Eukaryotic Genomes

Eukaryotic genomes contain large amount of repetitive DNA, most of which is derived from transposable elements (TEs). Progress has been made to develop computational tools for ab initio identification of repeat families, but there is an urgent need to develop tools to automate the annotation of TEs in genome sequences. Here we introduce REPCLASS, a tool that automates the classification of TE sequences. Using control repeat libraries, we show that the program can classify accurately virtually any known TE types. Combining REPCLASS to ab initio repeat finding in the genomes of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster allowed us to recover the contrasting TE landscape characteristic of these species. Unexpectedly, REPCLASS also uncovered several novel TE families in both genomes, augmenting the TE repertoire of these model species. When applied to the genomes of distant Caenorhabditis and Drosophila species, the approach revealed a remarkable conservation of TE composition profile within each genus, despite substantial interspecific covariations in genome size and in the number of TEs and TE families. Lastly, we applied REPCLASS to analyze 10 fungal genomes from a wide taxonomic range, most of which have not been analyzed for TE content previously. The results showed that TE diversity varies widely across the fungi “kingdom” and appears to positively correlate with genome size, in particular for DNA transposons. Together, these data validate REPCLASS as a powerful tool to explore the repetitive DNA landscapes of eukaryotes and to shed light onto the evolutionary forces shaping TE diversity and genome architecture

Critical Numeracy Project

Color poster with text and tables.Numeracy skills are seen as the gateway to the learning of formal mathematics, especially computational mathematics. Our goal was to see how our assessment tool, the Critical Numeracy Checklist (CNC), correlated with the KeyMath assessment in the primary grades.University of Wisconsin--Eau Claire Office of Research and Sponsored Program

Prescribed Fire Costs on Juniper-Infested Rangeland

The Rangelands archives are made available by the Society for Range Management and the University of Arizona Libraries. Contact [email protected] for further information.Migrated from OJS platform March 202