Physician and patient attitudes towards complementary and alternative medicine in obstetrics and gynecology

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In the U.S., complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is most prevalent among reproductive age, educated women. We sought to determine general attitudes and approaches to CAM among obstetric and gynecology patients and physicians.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Obstetrician-gynecologist members of the American Medical Association in the state of Michigan and obstetric-gynecology patients at the University of Michigan were surveyed. Physician and patient attitudes and practices regarding CAM were characterized.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Surveys were obtained from 401 physicians and 483 patients. Physicians appeared to have a more positive attitude towards CAM as compared to patients, and most reported routinely endorsing, providing or referring patients for at least one CAM modality. The most commonly used CAM interventions by patients were divergent from those rated highest among physicians, and most patients did not consult with a health care provider prior to starting CAM.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Although obstetrics/gynecology physicians and patients have a positive attitude towards CAM, physician and patients' view of the most effective CAM therapies were incongruent. Obstetrician/gynecologists should routinely ask their patients about their use of CAM with the goal of providing responsible, evidence-based advice to optimize patient care.</p

Revising working models across time: Relationship situations that enhance attachment security

We propose the Attachment Security Enhancement Model (ASEM) to suggest how romantic relationships can promote chronic attachment security. One part of the ASEM examines partner responses that protect relationships from the erosive effects of immediate insecurity, but such responses may not necessarily address underlying insecurities in a person’s mental models. Therefore, a second part of the ASEM examines relationship situations that foster more secure mental models. Both parts may work in tandem. We posit that attachment anxiety should decline most in situations that foster greater personal confidence and more secure mental models of the self. In contrast, attachment avoidance should decline most in situations that involve positive dependence and foster more secure models of close others. The ASEM integrates research and theory, suggests novel directions for future research, and has practical implications, all of which center on the idea that adult attachment orientations are an emergent property of close relationships

The self-esteem implicit association test is valid: Evidence from brain activity

A distinct challenge of implicit self-esteem research is the dubious validity of measures for implicit self-esteem. We conducted two event-related potential (ERP) studies to examine whether implicit self-esteem measured by the Implicit Association Test (IAT) actually reflects the automatic self-evaluation. We adopted the regular IAT and the Go/No-go Association Task (GNAT), respectively, to measure implicit self-esteem in two studies. We focused on the P300 that reflects the stimulus evaluation process. Study 1 revealed that participants responded faster to self pairing with good than to self pairing with bad whereas self pairing with bad elicited a delayed P300 compared with self pairing with good. Study 2 replicated these findings and further highlighted that the index of implicit self-esteem based on reaction time is correlated with that based on P300 latency. Our results suggest that implicit self-esteem assessed by the IAT measures automatic self-evaluation, thus providing neural evidence for the validity of implicit self-esteem

Electron Ejection from Single Crystals Due to 1- to 10-keV Noble-Gas Ion Bombardment

The secondary-electron ejection coeKcient y has been measured for the (110), (100), and (111)planes of Cu, Al, Ag, Ni, and Mo bombarded by the singly charged noble-gas ions Ne+, Ar+, Kr+, and Xe+ in the energy range from 1 to 10 keV. Surfaces were kept clean to within a fraction of a monolayer contamination by the sputtering action of the incident ion beams. The ratios ys&t/ys'q, 't' are quite constant, which would tend to indicate a theoretical model based on simple geometrical considerations of the opacity of the single crystal planes. However, the fact that the ratios are relatively insensitive to the ion-bombardment energy indicates that a model based upon the transparency of the target is not sufficient to explain the phenomenon. The dependence of y on the bombarding-ion mass is also explored

Individual differences in person memory : the role of sociopolitical ideology and in-group versus out-group membership in responses to socially relevant behavior

Participants were told to form an impression of either a liberal or a conservative target person whose behaviors reflected both a liberal and a conservative social ideology. They had better recall of behaviors that were descriptively inconsistent (vs. consistent) with the target`s ideology when this ideology differed from their own. This was not true, however, when the target`s ideology was similar to theirs. In addition, participants had better recall of behaviors they personally considered to be undesirable. This latter difference was more pronounced among liberals when they were told to focus their attention on the opinions reflected by the behaviors described but it was more pronounced among conservatives when they were told to focus on the behaviors per se. Implications of the results for existing research and theory in person impression formation are discussed