In the land of tin men? Warrior stelae, mobility, and interaction in western Iberia during the Late Prehistory

Funding for open access publishing: Universidad de Sevilla/ CBUA Javier Rodriguez-Corral is a fellow of the VI PPIT-US funded by Universidad de Sevilla. Carlos Rodriguez Rellán is an EMERGIA fellow (EMERGIA20_00349), funded by the Secretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología de la Junta de Andalucía. This research was also funded in the framework of a research project with reference number PID2022-139879NB-I00, funded by the Minis- terio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Government of Spain.The warrior stelae, also called southwestern stelae or western stelae, emerge as one of the most characteristic manifestations of the Bronze Age in Iberia. Since the earliest findings more than a century ago, these monoliths have received great attention from scholars, becoming the subject of an intense debate, without a consensus having been reached on their meaning and sense. A slow but steady trickle of new findings, as well as the implementation of new approaches to their study, has only enriched these discussions in recent years. One of the most successful lines has been the spatial analysis focused on the relationship of these monuments with routes, transit areas, and resources of great value. It is within this line that this article explores the potential relationship that the stelae may have had with a critical mineral resource: the tin ores distributed in western Iberia, which is the highest concentration of this mineral in Europe. To do this, a detailed spatial analysis has been conducted in order to explore if the uneven density of these monuments across western Iberia may be linked with the presence of tin ores or, alternatively, with the control of the routes that allowed the circulation of this mineral by land.Universidad de Sevilla/CBUASecretaría General de Universidades, Investigación y Tecnología de la Junta de Andalucía EMERGIA20_00349Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación of the Government of Spain PID2022-139879NB-I0

Evaluación de la perceptibilidad en el paisaje de los monumentos prehistóricos. Un enfoque exploratorio por medio de la modelización basada en agentes

The perceptibility of a prehistoric monument (the property of being perceptible from its surrounding landscape) can be quite difficult to analyse by means of traditional static models. Such difficulty lies in the fact that perceptibility depends upon many other factors beyond simple topographical position, such as size, colour, contrast with the surroundings or even the specific circumstances of the audience, many such circumstances being of an immaterial nature. In this paper, we explore the potential use of Agent-Based Modelling for the analysis of archaeological perceptibilityLa perceptibilidad de un monumento prehistórico (la propiedad que este tiene de ser divisado desde el paisaje circundante) puede resultar bastante difícil de analizar a partir de modelos estáticos tradicionales. Tal dificultad reside en el hecho de que la perceptibilidad depende de muchos otros factores además de la posición topográfica, como el tamaño, color, contraste con el entorno o incluso las circunstancias específicas de la audiencia, muchas de ellas de naturaleza inmaterial. En este trabajo, exploraremos el potencial uso del Modelado Basado en Agentes para el análisis de la perceptibilidad arqueológica.Programa Emergia (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) (EMERGIA20_00349

DÍAZ-ANDREU, Margarita y PORTILLO, Marta (coords.) (2021): Arqueología e interdisciplinariedad. La microhistoria de una revolución en la arqueología española (1970-2020), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 410 pp.

DÍAZ-ANDREU, Margarita y PORTILLO, Marta (coords.) (2021): Arqueología e interdisciplinariedad. La microhistoria de una revolución en la arqueología española (1970-2020), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, 410 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9168-386-

Building an Integrated Database of North-Eastern African Archaeological and Heritage Sites for Mapping Complex Social Landscapes

This dataset contains archaeological and heritage sites of the Marmarica region (NE-Libya/NW-Egypt), ranging from the Late Bronze to the Roman times. It has been developed in the framework of the PERAIA project, which aims to analyse the longterm history and interaction patterns along the harsh environments of north-eastern Africa. The records contain accurate geographic location of sites, including place names, typology, chronology, and metadata of documented remains, along with information regarding the environmental and ecological context. Additionally, the dataset accounts for the specificities of the region’s varying environmental conditions and their potential impact on archaeological heritage. All this information associated with each archaeological site was collected from published field data surveys, maps, archaeological reports, and it was subsequently cross-checked with historical aerial photographs and satellite imagery to detect, and to register known and unknown sites within the study area. Regarding the potential reuse of all this data, the dataset is deposited on the project website and linked to Zenodo.Spanish Government FPU17/06503Vice-Rectorate for Research and Knowledge Transfer of the University of Granada PPJIB2020.1

Las Plataformas de Servicios Bibliotecarios como innovación tecnológica. Características, adopción y tendencias.

In this approach, fundamentally exploratory, the diffusion of innovation theoretical framework (E. Rogers, F.M. Bass and G. Moore models) has been applied to the analysis of the level of adoption of the Library Services Platforms among academic and public libraries between the years 2010 and 2016. We have also tried to identify different behaviour patterns regarding the implementation of the Integrated Library Systems. The results suggest that, for the time frame considered here, the process of adoption of this technological innovation has been characterized by its discontinuity and by the predominance of imitative behaviours. Moreover, the adoption rates have been different depending on the type of library considered. Such differences have been also observed in the evaluation and implementation of automated library systems; therefore, resulting in what may be considered different automation profiles

Gestión del cuarzo y la pizarra en el Calcolítico peninsular: el “Santuario” de El Pedroso (Trabazos de Aliste, Zamora)

The analysis of the lithic artifacts from the “Santuario” sector of El Pedroso has allowed us to determine a strategy of exploitation of the local raw materials, mainly quartz and slate. The specific mechanical properties of those materials led the prehistoric people to the adoption of technical solutions such as bipolar flaking, with the aim of overcoming the structural difficulties posed by this type of rocks.El análisis de los artefactos recuperados en el sector del “Santuario” ha permitido determinar la existencia de una estrategia de explotación de materias primas locales, principalmente el cuarzo y la pizarra. Las peculiares características mecánicas de estos materiales han derivado en la adopción por parte de los habitantes prehistóricos de este yacimiento de soluciones técnicas como la reducción bipolar que permiten superar las dificultades cualitativas de esta clase de rocas

Las Plataformas de Servicios Bibliotecarios como innovación tecnológica. Características, adopción y tendencias.

In this approach, fundamentally exploratory, the diffusion of innovation theoretical framework (E. Rogers, F.M. Bass and G. Moore models) has been applied to the analysis of the level of adoption of the Library Services Platforms among academic and public libraries between the years 2010 and 2016. We have also tried to identify different behaviour patterns regarding the implementation of the Integrated Library Systems. The results suggest that, for the time frame considered here, the process of adoption of this technological innovation has been characterized by its discontinuity and by the predominance of imitative behaviours. Moreover, the adoption rates have been different depending on the type of library considered. Such differences have been also observed in the evaluation and implementation of automated library systems; therefore, resulting in what may be considered different automation profiles

El sílex en el NW de la Península Ibérica. Un estado de la cuestión

The Technological studies of the Galician prehistory have focused on the chrono-cultural characterization of the lithic assemblages, obliterating the studies of raw material pro- curement strategies. On the other side, the predominance of local raw materials, such as quartz and quartzite, has placed the research on flint implements in a secondary role, a priori considered as a scarce resource in the region. Although some outcrops have been discovered, usually related to hydrothermal contexts, they have not been properly described or analysed, preventing us from getting a good knowledge about their circulation patterns across NW Iberia.Nevertheless, the works conducted during the last two decades allow us to obtain a initial framework about the evolution of the role played by flint in the Prehistoric lithic assemblages. Although during the Lower and Middle Palaeolithic it is a scarce resource, from the Upper Palaeolithic onwards there is an increasing demand leading to the discovery and exploitation of new outcrops and a higher incidence of flint in the lithic assemblages, linked to specific chaînes opératoires. Last approaches in the Late Prehistory studies have shown the existence of material from allochthonous and distant origin, specially the long blades linked to the megalithic grave-goods, along with the punctual exploitation of autochthonous flint outcrops.Los estudios de industria lítica en la Prehistoria gallega se han focalizado en la caracterización crono-cultural de los conjuntos dejando a un lado el estudio de las materias primas y estrategias de abastecimiento. Por otro lado, el predominio de materias primas locales, como cuarzos y cuarcitas, ha colocado en un segundo plano el estudio de materiales como el sílex, a priori muy escaso en la región. Algunos afloramientos, ligados normalmente a contextos hidrotermales, han sido localizados aunque escasamente publicados lo que, unido a la ausencia de analíticas, impide alcanzar un buen conocimiento sobre su movilidad por el NW Ibérico. Sin embargo, los trabajos desarrollados en los últimos años permiten atisbar ciertas dinámicas sobre la evolución del papel que juega el sílex durante la Prehistoria. Si bien para el Paleolítico inferior y medio su rol es testimonial, a partir del Paleolítico superior su demanda se generaliza llevando al descubrimiento y explotación de nuevos afloramientos y a una mayor presencia de sílex en los conjuntos, ligado principalmente a cadenas operativas específicas. Las últimas aproximaciones sobre la Prehistoria reciente han demostrado la existencia de materiales de origen alóctono y distante, especialmente las grandes láminas asociadas a los ajuares megalíticos, y constatado la explotación de sílex local en contextos domésticos

Archaeological excavation of Cova dos Mouros rock-shelter (Baleira, Lugo). A first example of schematic paint in Galicia

En este artículo se describen los resultados del análisis preliminar de la pintura y de la excavación arqueológica del abrigo de Cova dos Mouros (Baleira, Lugo). En esta pequeña cavidad se han identificado varios paneles de arte esquemático representando motivos tanto geométricos (zigzags, chevrons,…) como naturalistas (antropomorfos) realizados con pintura roja. Esto convierte a Cova dos Mouros en el primer ejemplo de este tipo de arte detectado y excavado en la comunidad gallega. La intervención realizada en el interior de este abrigo ha evidenciado la presencia de ocupaciones humanas episódicas que se habrían prolongado entre, al menos, el IV y el II Milenios cal a.C. Fueron identificadas varias estructuras (un muro a base de tierra y piedras y una zanja conteniendo restos carbonizados de pequeños postes o estacas) así como señales reiteradas de la presencia de fuego intenso en el interior de la cavidad que habrían tenido lugar a lo largo de varios mileniosIn this paper, we deal with the archaeological excavation carried out in Cova dos Mouros rock-shelter (Baleira, Lugo) and a preliminary analysis of its results. This is a small cavity where Schematic Art consisting of red paintings displaying both geometric (zig-zags, chevrons…) and naturalistic (anthropomorphs) motifs have been detected. Cova dos Mouros constitutes the first example of this type of art ever detected and excavated in Galician territory. The archaeological excavation inside the rock-shelter has uncovered evidences of episodic human activity along, at least, the IVth and IInd Millennia cal. BC. These included the identification of several structures (a low wall made of earth and stones and a ditch containing the burned remains of several small posts or stakes) and also repeated signs of intense fire inside the cave that would have spanned over several millenniaArtikulu honetan daude jasota Cova dos Mouros-eko (Baleira, Lugo) harpeko indusketa arkeologikoaren eta pinturaren aurretiazko azterketaren emaitzak. Barrunbe txiki horretan pintura gorriz egindako arte eskematikoko hainbat panel identifikatu da eta irudi geometrikoak (sigi-sagak, chevron izenekoak...) zein naturalistak (antropomorfoak) ikus ditzakegu. Hori guztia dela eta, Cova dos Mouros da Galizia komunitatean detektatutako eta induskatutako arte mota horren lehen adibidea. Harpe honen barruan egindako lanetan agerian geratu da gizakia bertan bizi izan zela noizean behin gutxienez K.a. IV eta II. milurtekoen artean. Hainbat egitura (lurrarekin eta harriekin egindako horma eta zutoin edo hesola txikien ikaztutako hondarrak zituen zanga bat) eta hainbat milurtez, barrunbearen barruan su bizia izan zutela behin eta berriro erakusten duten zantzuak identifikatu zituztenS

Resničen in idealen evropski morski transfer ob Atlantski obali v neolitiku

The history of research on the Neolithic of the Atlantic façade shows how speculation about prehistoric mobility, especially across the sea, is mainly based on three types of archaeological evidence: megalithic monuments, rare stones, and pottery decoration. With the aim of approaching the issue from other perspectives, we have focused on the Morbihan area, a focal point of the European Neolithic during the mid-5th millennium BC. The analysis of this area has allowed us to grasp which objects, ideas and beliefs may have been desired, adopted and imitated at the time. We shall begin with an architectural concept, the standing stone. These were sometimes engraved with signs that can be directly compared between Brittany, Galicia (NW Spain) and Portugal, but for which there are no intermediate parallels in other areas of the French or Spanish coast. The unique accumulation and transformation of polished blades made of Alpine rocks and found inside tombs or in other sort of depositions in the Carnac region allowed us to establish a second link with Galicia and the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, where certain types of the axes were imitated using a set of different rocks (sillimanite, amphibolite). Finally, the variscites and turquoises from different Spanish regions were used for the manufacture of beads and pendants at the Carnacean tombs, without it being possible – once again – to retrieve similar objects in the intermediate areas. The mastery ofdirect Atlantic sea routes is posed as an explanation for this geographical distribution. But, beyond the information drawn from specific artefacts – whose presence/absence should not be used in excess as an argument to endorse or underrate such movements across the ocean – we will return to a more poetic and universal phenomenon: the spell of the sea. Therefore, we will focus on the depictions of boats on the stelae of Morbihan to open such a debate.Zgodovina raziskav obdobja neolitika ob Atlantski obali kaže na to, da so domneve o premikih ljudi v prazgodovini, predvsem premiki po morju, osnovani predvsem na treh vrstah arheoloških podatkov: na megalitskih spomenikih, na redkih kamninah in na okrasu na lončenini. V članku se bomo te teme lotili iz drugega vidika, in sicer se bomo osredotočili na območje departmaja Morbihan, ki je bil v središču dogajanja v evropskem neolitiku v sredini 5. tisočletja pr. n. št. Z analizo tega območja lažje razumemo, katere objekte, ideje in verovanja so v tem obdobju ljudje najbolj pogosto želeli, posvojili in posnemali. Začeli bomo z arhitekturnim konceptom, menhirji/stoječimi kamni. Takšni kamni imajo občasno gravure z znaki, ki jih lahko neposredno vežemo na območje Bretanje, Galicije (SZ Španija) in Portugalske, medtem ko nimajo primerjav v vmesnih območjih ob francoski in španski obali. Enkraten zbir in preoblikovanje glajenih rezil, izdelanih na kamninah iz Alp, ki so bila odkrita v grobnicah ali drugih depozicijah na območju Carnaca, predstavlja drugopovezavo z območjem Galicije in Atlantsko obalo na Iberskem polotoku, kjer so bili najdeni posnetki nekaterih tipov sekir, izdelani iz različnih kamnin (silimanit, amfibolit). Tudi jagode in obeski, najdeni v grobnicah v Carnacu v Bretanju, so bili izdelani iz mineralov variscita in turkiza, ki izvirata iz španskih regij, medtem ko takšni predmeti – ponovno – na vmesnih območjih niso bili odkriti. Takšna geografska porazdelitev se razlaga z obvladovanjem neposrednih morskih poti po Atlantiku v prazgodovini. Kljub informacijam, ki jih dobimo s takšnimi posebnimi najdbami – katerih prisotnost/odsotnost naj ne bi preveč pogosto uporabljali kot argument v podporo ali podcenjevanje takšnih premikov po oceanu – se bomo vrnili na bolj poetičen in univerzalen fenomen: čarobnost morja. Pri tem se bomo osredotočili in razpravljali predvsem na upodobitve ladij na stelah, najdenih na območju departmaja Morbihan