Cancer Somatic Mutations Disrupt Functions of the EphA3 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase through Multiple Mechanisms

The Eph receptor tyrosine kinases make up an important family of signal transduction molecules that control many cellular processes, including cell adhesion and movement, cell shape, and cell growth. All of these are important aspects of cancer progression, but the relationship between Eph receptors and cancer is complex and not fully understood. Genetic screens of tumor specimens from cancer patients have revealed somatic mutations in many Eph receptors. The most highly mutated Eph receptor is EphA3, but its functional role in cancer is currently not well established. Here we show that many EphA3 mutations identified in lung, colorectal, and hepatocellular cancers, melanoma, and glioblastoma impair kinase activity or ephrin ligand binding and/or decrease the level of receptor cell surface localization. These results suggest that EphA3 has ephrin- and kinase-dependent tumor suppressing activities, which are disrupted by somatic cancer mutations

Synthesis of MXene/Ag Composites for Extraordinary Long Cycle Lifetime Lithium Storage at High Rates

A new MXene/Ag composite was synthesized by direct reduction of a AgNO₃ aqueous solution in the presence of MXene (Ti₃C₂(OH)_0.8F_1.2). The as-received MXene/Ag composite can be deemed as an excellent anode material for lithium-ion batteries, exhibiting an extraordinary long cycle lifetime with a large capacity at high charge–discharge rates. The results show that Ag self-reduction in MXene solution is related to the existence of low-valence Ti. Reversible capacities of 310 mAh·g^–1 at 1 C (theoretical value being ∼320 mAh·g^–1), 260 mAh·g^–1 at 10 C, and 150 mAh·g^–1 at 50 C were achieved. Remarkably, the composite withstands more than 5000 cycles without capacity decay at 1–50 C. The main reasons for the long cycle life with high capacity are relevant to the reduced interface resistance and the occurrence of Ti­(II) to Ti­(III) during the cycle process

Nitrogen-Anchored Boridene Enables Mg–CO₂ Batteries with High Reversibility

Nanoscale defect engineering plays a crucial role in incorporating extraordinary catalytic properties in two-dimensional materials by varying the surface groups or site interactions. Herein, we synthesized high-loaded nitrogen-doped Boridene (N-Boridene (Mo4/3(BnN1–n)2–mTz), N-doped concentration up to 26.78 at %) nanosheets by chemical exfoliation followed by cyanamide intercalation. Three different nitrogen sites are observed in N-Boridene, wherein the site of boron vacancy substitution mainly accounts for its high chemical activity. Attractively, as a cathode for Mg–CO2 batteries, it delivers a long-term lifetime (305 cycles), high-energy efficiency (93.6%), and ultralow overpotential (∼0.09 V) at a high current of 200 mA g–1, which overwhelms all Mg–CO2 batteries reported so far. Experimental and computational studies suggest that N-Boridene can remarkably change the adsorption energy of the reaction products and lower the energy barrier of the rate-determining step (*MgCO2 → *MgCO3·xH2O), resulting in the rapid reversible formation/decomposition of new MgCO3·5H2O products. The surging Boridene materials with defects provide substantial opportunities to develop other heterogeneous catalysts for efficient capture and converting of CO2

MOESM2 of Disposable screen printed sensor for the electrochemical detection of methamphetamine in undiluted saliva

Additional file 2: Effect of SWV-1 frequency

MOESM1 of Disposable screen printed sensor for the electrochemical detection of methamphetamine in undiluted saliva

Additional file 1: Mediator screen

Atomic Origins of the Self-Healing Function in Cement–Polymer Composites

Motivated by recent advances in self-healing cement and epoxy polymer composites, we present a combined ab initio molecular dynamics and sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy study of a calcium–silicate–hydrate/polymer interface. On stable, low-defect surfaces, the polymer only weakly adheres through coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions and can be easily mobilized toward defected surfaces. Conversely, on fractured surfaces, the polymer strongly anchors through ionic Ca–O bonds resulting from the deprotonation of polymer hydroxyl groups. In addition, polymer S–S groups are turned away from the cement–polymer interface, allowing for the self-healing function within the polymer. The overall elasticity and healing properties of these composites stem from a flexible hydrogen bonding network that can readily adapt to surface morphology. The theoretical vibrational signals associated with the proposed cement–polymer interfacial chemistry were confirmed experimentally by SFG vibrational spectroscopy

Characidium filtered RADtags

Fasta file containing the sequences of the 9,863 final filtered Radtags (biallelic SNPs with a minimum depth of 10 reads and genotyped in at least 28 individuals

Relationship between the degree of proliferation of non-lymphoid CD34⁺ and nucleated red blood cells from patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and other haematological and biochemical characteristics of the disease.

<p>Results expressed as number of cases from all MDS patients analyzed and percentage between brackets.</p><p>PI, proliferation index;</p><p>LDH, lactate dehydrogenase;</p><p>AL, acute leukemia;</p><p>NS, statistically not significantly different.</p

Proliferation index (percentage of S+G₂M cells) of different compartments of bone marrow (BM) cells in MDS patients grouped according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification and the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS).

<p>Results expressed as median percentage of S+G₂ M cells and range between brackets. RA, refractory anemia; RCMD, refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia; RAEB, RA with excess of blasts; MD/MPN, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms; INT, intermediate risk; NS, statistically not significantly different.</p>†<p>, p<0.05 and</p>††<p>, p<0.03 <i>vs.</i> normal/reactive BM.</p

Proliferation index (percentage of S+G₂M cells) of different BM cell compartments in MDS <i>vs</i>. both AML and normal/reactive BM.

<p>Results expressed as median percentage of S+G₂/M cells and range between brackets. AML, acute myeloid leukemia; MDS, myelodysplastic syndrome; BM, bone marrow; NS, statistically not significantly different;</p>†<p>, MDS <i>vs</i>. normal/reactive BM;</p>¥<p>, MDS <i>vs</i>. AML;</p>*<p>, AML <i>vs.</i> normal/reactive BM.</p