Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil: setting the baseline knowledge on the animal diversity in Brazil

The limited temporal completeness and taxonomic accuracy of species lists, made available in a traditional manner in scientific publications, has always represented a problem. These lists are invariably limited to a few taxonomic groups and do not represent up-to-date knowledge of all species and classifications. In this context, the Brazilian megadiverse fauna is no exception, and the Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil (CTFB) (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/), made public in 2015, represents a database on biodiversity anchored on a list of valid and expertly recognized scientific names of animals in Brazil. The CTFB is updated in near real time by a team of more than 800 specialists. By January 1, 2024, the CTFB compiled 133,691 nominal species, with 125,138 that were considered valid. Most of the valid species were arthropods (82.3%, with more than 102,000 species) and chordates (7.69%, with over 11,000 species). These taxa were followed by a cluster composed of Mollusca (3,567 species), Platyhelminthes (2,292 species), Annelida (1,833 species), and Nematoda (1,447 species). All remaining groups had less than 1,000 species reported in Brazil, with Cnidaria (831 species), Porifera (628 species), Rotifera (606 species), and Bryozoa (520 species) representing those with more than 500 species. Analysis of the CTFB database can facilitate and direct efforts towards the discovery of new species in Brazil, but it is also fundamental in providing the best available list of valid nominal species to users, including those in science, health, conservation efforts, and any initiative involving animals. The importance of the CTFB is evidenced by the elevated number of citations in the scientific literature in diverse areas of biology, law, anthropology, education, forensic science, and veterinary science, among others

Immediate postoperative pain level from lumbar arthrodesis following epidural infiltration of morphine sulfate

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the pain level in patients treated with epidural infusion of morphine sulfate in a single dose, after a surgical procedure to perform lumber arthrodesis.METHODS: Forty patients underwent posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis or intersomatic lumbar arthrodesis via a posterior route at one, two or three levels. They were prospectively randomized into two groups of 20. In the first group (study group), 2 mg of morphine sulfate diluted in 10 mL of physiological serum was infiltrated into the epidural space, through the laminectomy area. The second group (controls) did not receive analgesia. The patients were asked about their pain levels before and after the operation, using a visual analog scale (VAS).RESULTS: It was found that the patients presented a significant diminution of pain as shown by the VAS. From before to after the operation, it decreased by an average of 4.7 points (p = 0.0001), which corresponded to 53.2% (p = 0.0001).CONCLUSION: Application of 2 mg of morphine sulfate in a single epidural dose was shown to be a good technique for pain therapy following lumbar spinal surgery

ONE OR TWO SCREWS IN THE FRACTURE OF THE ODONTOID PROCESS? EVALUATION USING COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY

Objective:To evaluate the bone area of the odontoid process through computed tomography and its relation with the area of one and two screws in the male and female subjects.Methods:188 CT scans of adults were analyzed. The isthmus area was selected and the transverse diameter was measured at 1.2 mm from the base of odontoid.Results:After placement of a screw, the odontoid area remains with 82% of free bone for both men and women. With two screws, 45.6% of women, had a free bone area of the odontoid process between 50% and 75% and 54.4% were above 75%. 26.6% men had percentage from 50% to 75% of free bone area and 73.4% above 75% (p=0.07). After the placement of two screws, the bone area was, in average, 77.3% in men and 75.4% in women. Using the Student t-test, the differences between the average of percentage of free bone area in men and women are significantly lower in women (p=0.0012).Conclusion:The pre-operative planning through CT can help to choose the number of screws in the odontoid process. The choice should be particularly careful when using two screws in women

Educação alimentar e a constituição de trabalhadores fortes, robustos e produtivos: análise da produção científica em nutrição no Brasil, 1934-1941 Eating education and the making of strong, robust, productive workers: an analysis of scientific scholarship on nutrition in Brazil, 1934-1941

Com o objetivo de debater o surgimento do campo de saber em alimentação e nutrição no Brasil, em termos de produção científica, tomou-se como objeto obras produzidas e publicadas entre 1934 e 1941, voltadas para difusão e aplicação da base conceitual e metodológica da alimentação racional. Tendo como referencial a teoria sobre a gênese social de campo, o estudo evidenciou a padronização de abordagem e do modus operandi dos intelectuais da área: a indicação de práticas intervencionistas de educação alimentar e nutricional destinadas a grandes contingentes, influenciadas por ideais socioeducacionais da época e pela ideia de educação como instrumento de redenção social.<br>In exploring the emergence of scientific scholarship on the field of eating and nutrition in Brazil, the article examines works produced and published from 1934 to 1941 that disseminated and sought to encourage application of the conceptual and methodological bases of rational eating. Employing theory on the social genesis of a field, the investigation reveals that intellectuals in the area relied on a standardized approach and modus operandi: the indication of interventionist practices in eating and nutritional education which targeted large numbers of people and were influenced by the era's social and educational ideas and by the notion of education as a tool for social redemption

Comentarios a una sentencia anunciada : el proceso Lula

El centenar de textos que conforman este libro -escritos por un movimiento de prestigiosos/as juristas y abogados- desgranan el procedimiento al que fue sometido Lula. En la opinión de las y los autores de los artículos las normas no fueron observadas, y su inobservancia llevó a que se dictaminase una decisión injusta. Frases del estilo "Voy a tomar una decisión revolucionaria, dejando de lado la ley, porque por la ley no se puede condenarlo de ninguna manera”, dichas en los juicios por las más altas autoridades judiciales militares y civiles, hoy son conocidas gracias a quienes se abocaron al trabajo de escuchar los audios de aquellas sesiones, nutriendo las reflexiones que argumentan sobre el imperativo de la hora: restablecer el estado de derecho y absolver al presidente Lula Da Silva

Comenta&#769;rios a uma sentenc&#807;a anunciada : o processo Lula

“Comentários a uma sentença: o Caso Lula” é talvez o mais importante documento jurídico publicado no Brasil em décadas. A presente coletânea de artigos nasceu de um movimento espontâneo e bastante significativo de juristas brasileiros e estrangeiros que examinaram cuidadosamente a sentença proferida no âmbito do processo que tramitou na 13ª Vara Federal de Curitiba, no caso que ficou conhecido na mídia como o do “tríplex do Guarujá”. <br>De la presentación de Geraldo Prad