Ephesis eis to dikasterion: Remarks and Speculations on the Legal Nature of the Solonian Reform

What is the original legal nature of the Solonian procedural remedy called ἔφεσις εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον? Both historians of political institutions and legal historians have proposed many different interpretations. The communis opinio at the moment interprets the ἔφεσις εἰς τὸ δικαστήριον in terms of a ‘right of appeal’. In recent years, a few scholars have maintained – albeit with some doubts – that from its introduction at the end of the sixth century, ἔφεσις was the ‘transfer’ of a case from the authority of a magistrate to the popular court rather than an ‘appeal‘ to a court, which was instructed to retry a case already decided by the magistrate. The contribution tries to give some support to the neglected view conceiving of the Solnian-ἔφεσις as a kind of ''veto''

Flessibilit\ue0 processuale e regime solonico del furto. A margine di Dem. 22.26-27 e Dem. 24.113-114

In the essay entitled ''Flessibilit\ue0 processuale e regime solonico del furto. A margine di Dem. 22.26-27 e Dem. 24.113-114'', the author criticizes the view that the Athenian legal system contained several different procedures for each substantive offense. I

Popular Prosecution in Early Athenian Law. The Drakonian Roots of the Solonian Reforms

Is it possible to find some Drakonian antecedents for the Solonian reform concerning \u2018popular prosecution\u2019 by \u1f41 \u3b2\u3bf\u3c5\u3bb\u3cc\u3bc\u3b5\u3bd\u3bf\u3c2? In the light of such a fundamental question, on the one side, the essay is directed to demonstrate that Drakonian law \u2013 even if it did not develop any formal and general concept of \u2018crime\u2019 \u2013 both treated, from a procedural point of view, some offences as wrongs injuring the \u3c0\u3cc\u3bb\u3b9\u3c2 (for instance \u2018attempted tyranny\u2019 and \u2018breach of the exile rule\u2019), and gave any citizen the right to bring \u2018public cases\u2019 before the proper court. On the other side, one supposes that prior to Solon the Athenian magistrates \u2013 entitled to pass final judgments and to impose penalties on their own initiative \u2013 took care of all the incapacitated victims who lacked \u2018standing to sue\u2019 (as one can conjecture with regard to the convicted killer harmed by blackmail and torture). It is accordingly assumed that Solon did not introduce ex novo the legal entity of \u2018popular and voluntary prosecution\u2019: indeed, the Athenian legislator \u2013 focused on a need of solidarity and cohesion in the whole community, rather than on a need of protection in favor of the whole community \u2013 through the institution of the general principle of \u2018third-party prosecution\u2019, diminished the role formerly played by magistrates and, at the same time, renewed a procedural feature that, already existing, was previously related to the safeguard of the community only

Diritto egizio (III e II millennio a.C.)

Il contributo, dopo una introduzione storico-metodologica, tratta: dell'organizzazione dello stato nell\u2019Antico Regno (2686-2161 a.C. circa), tra Primo Periodo Intermedio (2160-2060 a.C.) e Medio Regno (2060-1790 a.C. circa), nel Nuovo Regno (1570-1069 a.C.); dei soggetti dell\u2019ordinamento (categorie di soggetti; matrimonio e famiglia; successioni mortis causa; beni e atti dispositivi;beni pubblici e privati; il negozio giuridico di imyt-pr., di xtmt r xtm nt xt., di swnt; negozi obbligatori non formali); degli illeciti e della responsabilit\ue0 (pena contro risarcimento del danno; inadempimento da contratto; illeciti ad offesa di privati; illeciti contro la \u2018corona\u2019; spergiuro); della persecuzione processuale degli illeciti (cenni sul processo dall\u2019A.R. al M.R.; la procedura vizirale nel N.R.; la procedura presso la qnbt locale nel N.R.)

Inflammation and pancreatic cancer: molecular and functional interactions between S100A8, S100A9, NT-S100A8 and TGFβ1

BACKGROUND: In order to gain further insight on the crosstalk between pancreatic cancer (PDAC) and stromal cells, we investigated interactions occurring between TGF\u3b21 and the inflammatory proteins S100A8, S100A9 and NT-S100A8, a PDAC-associated S100A8 derived peptide, in cell signaling, intracellular calcium (Cai2+) and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). NF-\u3baB, Akt and mTOR pathways, Cai2+ and EMT were studied in well (Capan1 and BxPC3) and poorly differentiated (Panc1 and MiaPaCa2) cell lines. RESULTS: NT-S100A8, one of the low molecular weight N-terminal peptides from S100A8 to be released by PDAC-derived proteases, shared many effects on NF-\u3baB, Akt and mTOR signaling with S100A8, but mainly with TGF\u3b21. The chief effects of S100A8, S100A9 and NT-S100A8 were to inhibit NF-\u3baB and stimulate mTOR; the molecules inhibited Akt in Smad4-expressing, while stimulated Akt in Smad4 negative cells. By restoring Smad4 expression in BxPC3 and silencing it in MiaPaCa2, S100A8 and NT-S100A8 were shown to inhibit NF-\u3baB and Akt in the presence of an intact TGF\u3b21 canonical signaling pathway. TGF\u3b21 counteracted S100A8, S100A9 and NT-S100A8 effects in Smad4 expressing, not in Smad4 negative cells, while it synergized with NT-S100A8 in altering Cai2+ and stimulating PDAC cell growth. The effects of TGF\u3b21 on both EMT (increased Twist and decreased N-Cadherin expression) and Cai2+ were antagonized by S100A9, which formed heterodimers with TGF\u3b21 (MALDI-TOF/MS and co-immuno-precipitation). CONCLUSIONS: The effects of S100A8 and S100A9 on PDAC cell signaling appear to be cell-type and context dependent. NT-S100A8 mimics the effects of TGF\u3b21 on cell signaling, and the formation of complexes between TGF\u3b21 with S100A9 appears to be the molecular mechanism underlying the reciprocal antagonism of these molecules on cell signaling, Cai2+ and EMT

A Randomized Trial of Pharmacogenetic Warfarin Dosing in Naive Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation

Genotype-guided warfarin dosing have been proposed to improve patient's management. This study is aimed to determine whether a CYP2C9- VKORC1- CYP4F2-based pharmacogenetic algorithm is superior to a standard, clinically adopted, pharmacodynamic method. Two-hundred naive patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation were randomized to trial arms and 180 completed the study. No significant differences were found in the number of out-of-range INRs (INR3.0) (p = 0.79) and in the mean percentage of time spent in the therapeutic range (TTR) after 19 days in the pharmacogenetic (51.9%) and in the control arm (53.2%, p = 0.71). The percentage of time spent at INR>4.0 was significantly lower in the pharmacogenetic (0.7%) than in the control arm (1.8%) (p = 0.02). Genotype-guided warfarin dosing is not superior in overall anticoagulation control when compared to accurate clinical standard of care

Scopi e metodi della storia del diritto e formazione del giurista europeo (cronaca).

Cronaca del convegno patavino ''Scopi e metodi della storia del diritto e formazione del giurista europeo'

Note gius-grecistiche a margine delle Lezioni sul pensiero antico di Bruno Leoni

il saggio, partendo dalle lezioni di Bruno Leoni, investiga il problema del nomos greco nelle sue declinazioni filosofiche e politich