The Geographical Spread and the Economic Impact of Food Harvest 2020 – A Regional Perspective.

working paper JEL Codes; Q12 R12 R58Recently the agri-food sector has received increased attention in Ireland. The agri-food sector has been the traditional backbone of Irish exports, and despite the economic downturn Irish exports in this sector grew by an impressive 12 percent in 2011 (CSO 2012). The agri-food sector is regarded as Ireland’s largest indigenous industry, the potential of the sector in terms of exports, and its heavy dependence on domestic inputs are the key reasons for the increased attention. The real economic value of the agri-food sector in Ireland is analysed at national, and most importantly for this paper, at regional level. This paper examines the impact of the agri-food sector in addressing regional disparities in Ireland. The estimation of the true value of the agri-food sector is evaluated at regional level by analysing Gross Value Added, employment levels and productivity rates for the sector expressed in percentage of regional values. Gross-Value-Added in absolute terms and as a percentage of regional Gross-Value- Added provides us with a more thorough understanding of the regional importance of certain industries within the sector. In terms of employment, the rural context of the agri-food sector is discussed, including the geographical spread of the sector. A comparison of regional productivity levels is analysed at national and regional level. In addition, this paper geographically distributes the change in output and employment if the four main sector specific Food Harvest 2020 targets are achieved. As a preliminary contour of the agri-food sector in Ireland this research will be useful to all the key players in the sector

Approaches to reading for the mentally retarded

The problem of providing for the specific reading needs of the mentally retarded is a challenge to the special teacher. The reading program for these children has to include the whole area of language arts in developing a reading program it must be kept in mind that the material presented be within the realm of their speaking vocabulary, interest and retention levels. It is the intent of the writer to present some reading approaches applicable to the mentally retarded. Among these approaches are: Phonics, Language Experience, Basal Reader, Initial Teaching Alphabet, Programmed Instruction, Teaching Machines, Audio-visual and Individualized

The History of Table Manners and Customs and the Influence upon Manners and the Customs of South Louisiana

The table manners and customs of South Louisiana are different from those of the other parts of the United States and from those of the European countries represented. It is thought that the people who settled here brought with them manners and customs and that these manners and customs are different from those of other sections of the United States because of the type of settlers. It Is also thought that the environment of South Louisiana caused these manners and customs to be changed to meet the needs of the people In a new country and that they were blended with the manners and customs of the American Indian. It is the purpose of this writer to try to sheer how the manners and customs brought over and adjusted to suit the needs of the environment have influenced the present day manners and customs of South Louisiana. The writer proposes to discuss (1) the beginnings of fixed habits of eating, (2) the evolution of the art of eating through these civilizations; Egyptian, Jewish, Grecian and Reman, Mediaeval Italy, France, Spain, Germany, England, American Indian, Modern European and American (3) and, finally, present day manners and customs found In Louisiana, showing that these are an outgrowth of previous practices and conventions. The Information on this subject has been collected from the literature aid the history of the nations represented In the settlements of Louisiana, from local history and stories, and from the messages recorded in the guest books by the various visitors who have come and enjoyed the atmosphere of the famous old restaurants of New Orleans. Early In the eighteenth century, a hundred years after the English had been on the eastern coast of what is now the United States, the French came to Louisiana to establish homes. Some of these early French settlers and many of the peoples from other countries who same to the colony to live were from the high born families, and many, having lived at the courts of their native countries brought court manners and customs with them. In as much as this territory was settled by the French for French people, a definite French influence can be noted in all the manners and customs. This mixing produced something a bit different from that of European France. This Creole people, which was prod used in South Louisians, made famous a Creole style of cookery and dining. These high born people who had been accustomed tf a life of ease and luxury in their European homes readily tuned to the use of ths many slaves, which were dumped on our shores, to produce food products on the richest of lands. Life became easy for all and during the early years was very simple. The homes of that day were not much more than cabins, yet were elegantly furnished with the beautiful furniture and fixtures brought from Europe. Later, not to be outdone by the English neighbors who had come to South Louisiana to live, the Creole grew luxurious. Easy incomes and the use of slaves soon made an Idle end extravagant people. Great entertainments were given and the families spent a part of each year in the city where their wealth was squandered. The wreck of the economic basis upon which this splendor was founded caused a change In the plane of living yet the descendants of these people have retained many old customs. The family still takes the dally siesta after a dinner at noon. The spirit of hospitality survives but on a more simple plane, since living conditions will not permit of the magnificent entertainments which was the custom In the Golden Age of Louisiana history. Conclusions 1) The table manners and customs of a people depend upon the development of cookery and the social and financial statue of die people. 2) The manners and customs of the people of South Louisiana are a combination of those of the old world changed to meet existing conditions In a new country. 3) The Creole lived a simple life during the greater part of Colonial days but after Louisiana entered the Union of States and became a center of wealth, the plane of living changed to one of elegance and extravagance. 4) The destruction of Mississippi River commerce and the freeing of slaves changed the economic conditions until more simple living became necessary. 5) Hospitality remained but on a smaller scale; table manners remained the same with less formality; table service became less elegant, because of loss of property and loss of servants. The one o\u27clock dinner and the siesta have been retained in the Creole family. 6. Apparently manners and customs have changed but little within themselves. The plane of living has changed, becoming less extravagant and less elegant than fomarly. This affects the grandeur of entertainment. 7. In the entertainment of friends there Is still retained a semblance of the old elegance of manner, the old hospitality, the old courtesies, and the old menus and recipes found in family life of the early days of South Louisiana

The Farm in the Karoo, or What Charley Vyvyan and his friends saw in South Africa

https://commons.und.edu/settler-literature/1182/thumbnail.jp

At Home in the Tranvaal

https://commons.und.edu/settler-literature/1181/thumbnail.jp

The Wood-Cutters of the Perie Bush A South African Story

https://commons.und.edu/settler-literature/1183/thumbnail.jp

Nurses\u27 Alumnae Association Bulletin - Volume 2 Number 1

March of Activities Treasurer\u27s Report It\u27s a Date Loyalty Coming Events Jefferson News In Florida for Winter The A.N.A. Convention Greetings! Keeping Up the Fight Eight Hour Committee Nurses Wanted Class of 1926 Convention Notes Attention Members Pine Street News Class of 1915 Class of 1916 Fifth Anniversary Prize Winners - 1932 Class of 1940 Owners of Scrap Books Sick List - 1939 and 1940 A Program of Nursing Information Please Private Duty Section Excerpts from Alumnae Minutes Staff News Please Remember Personals Engagements Marriages Deaths Hospital News Ballot for Officers Recent Births Lest You Forget! Please Change My Addres

Distribution of Tetrahymena pyriformis in Europe *

One hundred eighty-eight fresh-water samples from France (30), Italy (42), Austria (12), Germany (1), Switzerland (35), Holland (20), England (26), and Sweden (22) were examined for T. pyriformis. The habitats included rivers, mountain streams, lakes, ponds, irrigation ditches, roadside ditches, running and dead water canals, and fountains. The temperature ranged from 10° to 30°C, locations from 42° to 68° North latitude, with elevations from sea level to approximately 3,000 feet. Of the samples taken 28 contained T. pyriformis from which 411 clones were established in axenic media. Thirty-three additional samples contained ciliates other than T. pyriformis. All clones grew well in 1% proteose peptone; when screened for their nutritional requirements a few failed to grow on the completely defined medium and several others survived eight sub-inoculations without thiamine. The nuclear and sexual activity pattern followed that of previous collections. In distribution, variety 6 was found in Italy, variety 3 in Austria, and variety 4 in England. A new variety (variety 10) with two mating types was isolated from four different habitats in England. Several strains from Italy, France, Holland, and England constitute one group which mated among themselves, but only a few of which reacted with mating type I of variety 6 from America. This demonstrates the close affinities of the European and American strains, yet shows the possible evolution of a new variety (species).Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/72167/1/j.1550-7408.1962.tb02595.x.pd