30 research outputs found

    Tabu search model selection for SVM

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    International audienceA model selection method based on tabu search is proposed to build support vector machines (binary decision functions) of reduced complexity and efficient generalization. The aim is to build a fast and efficient support vector machines classifier. A criterion is defined to evaluate the decision function quality which blends recognition rate and the complexity of a binary decision functions together. The selection of the simplification level by vector quantization, of a feature subset and of support vector machines hyperparameters are performed by tabu search method to optimize the defined decision function quality criterion in order to find a good sub-optimal model on tractable times

    Extraction et formalisation de la sémantique des liens hypertextes dans des documents culturels, scientifiques et techniques

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    The use of hypertext links on the web makes sites more attractive and easier to read and allows enrichment of sites by information coming from other sites. However, this links produce some difficulties for readers and search engines. The hypertext links are carrying semantic information which, if it were completely formalized, would be exploitable by programs to improve navigation and research of information, and would take its place in the emergence of semantic web. In this thesis, we propose an original methodology for the formal semantic extraction of hypertext links. The suggested method has been tested on the links of a corpus. The formalism RDF has been used to represent the link semantics. Ontology for the links specific to the field of biographies of famous people was made up starting from the link semantics extracted and then represented in RDFS. Some tools of supervised learning and of web pages characterization by keywords has been used to help with the formal extraction of semantics.L'utilisation des liens hypertextes sur internet rend les sites plus attractifs et plus faciles à lire et permet l'enrichissement des sites par des informations provenant d'autres sites. Cependant, ces mêmes liens entraînent des difficultés pour les lecteurs et les moteurs de recherche. Les liens hypertextes sont porteurs d'informations sémantiques qui, si elles étaient complètement formalisées, seraient exploitables par des programmes pour améliorer la navigation et la recherche d'information, et prendraient leur place dans l'émergence du web sémantique. Dans cette thèse, nous proposons une méthodologie originale d'extraction formelle de la sémantique des liens hypertextes. La méthode proposée a été testée sur les liens d'un corpus. Le formalisme RDF est utilisé pour représenter la sémantique des liens. Une ontologie pour les liens spécifiques au domaine des biographies de personnages célèbres a été constituée à partir de la sémantique extraite des liens. Celle-ci a été représentée en RDFS. Des outils d'apprentissage supervisé et de caractérisation des pages web par des mots clés sont utilisés pour aider à l'extraction formelle de la sémantique.TOURS-BU Sciences Pharmacie (372612104) / SudocTOURS-Polytech'Informat.Product. (372612209) / SudocSudocFranceF

    Aide à l'extraction de la sémantique des liens hypertextes

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    International audienceLes auteurs qui publient sur le Web des connaissances sous la forme de documents électroniques lisibles sur un écran utilisent de plus en plus la technologie des liens hypertextes pour améliorer l'ergonomie de leur sites et pour les enrichir par des informations provenant d'autres sites Web. Nous nous intéressons à la sémantique des liens hypertextes, en termes d'extraction et d'exploitation, dans le but de faciliter la recherche d'information sur le Web. Dans cet article, nous proposons une méthodologie originale d'extraction de la sémantique des liens hypertextes par des moyens manuels et semi-automatiques. Dans une première partie, nous montrons comment nous avons constitué un corpus de documents sur le Web, qui sera par la suite notre base de test. Cette constitution consiste à extraire un sous-ensemble du Web, regroupant des pages ayant des critères utiles à l'étude de la sémantique des liens hypertextes. Ensuite nous proposons une méthode d'analyse de la sémantique des liens hypertextes. Celle-ci consiste à faire l'analyse sémantique du contexte appelant du lien et du contexte appelé par le lien, et à expliciter de manière formelle la relation sémantique entre le contexte appelant et le contexte appelé. La dernière partie est consacrée à l'élaboration d'outils d'aide à l'analyse, nous proposons une automatisation de la reconnaissance des formes littéraires des contextes appelant des liens et des contextes appelés par des liens avec les treillis de Galois

    Une approche de caractérisation des contextes appelants et appelés des liens hypertextes

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    National audienceNous nous intéressons à la sémantique des liens hypertextes, en termes d'extraction et d'exploitation, dans le but de faciliter le partage des connaissances sur le Web. Dans cet article, nous nous concentrons sur l'élaboration d'outils d'aide à l'analyse de la sémantique des liens hypertextes, nous proposons une automatisation de la reconnaissance des formes littéraires des contextes appelants des liens et des contextes appelés par des liens

    Constitution et utilisation d'une terminologie en vue de l'extraction de la sémantique des liens hypertextes sur le web

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    International audienceThe authors, who publish knowledge on the Web related to readable electronic documents on a screen, use the technology of hypertext links or the hypertext writing approach for making their sites more interesting and more attractive, and also to enrich it by information coming from other Web sites. However, hypertext links are not without posing problems for readers and search engines like disorientation and cognitive overload for readers and publicities links for search engines. We are interested in semantics of hypertext links, in terms of extraction and exploitation with the aim of facilitating the search of knowledge on the Web. In this article, we propose an original methodology for the semantic extraction of hypertext. Firstly, we show how we constitute a corpus of documents on the Web, which will be our data set. Then we propose a method of semantic analysis of hypertext links. This method consists in making the semantic analysis of calling context of link and context called by link, and explicit in a formal way the semantic relation between the two contexts

    An EA multi-model selection for SVM Multi-class Schemes

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    International audienceEvolutionary algorithms (EA) (Rechenberg, 1965) belong to a family of stochastic search algorithms inspired by natural evolution. In the last years, EA were used successfully to produce efficient solutions for a great number of hard optimization problems (Beasley, 1997). These algorithms operate on a population of potential solutions and apply a survival principle according to a fitness measure associated to each solution to produce better approximations of the optimal solution. At each iteration, a new set of solutions is created by selecting individuals according to their level of fitness and by applying to them several operators. These operators model natural processes, such as selection, recombination, mutation, migration, locality and neighborhood. Although the basic idea of EA is straightforward, solutions coding, size of population, fitness function and operators must be defined in compliance with the kind of problem to optimize. Multi-class problems with binary SVM (Support Vector Machine) classifiers are commonly treated as a decomposition in several binary sub-problems. An open question is how to properly choose all models for these sub-problems in order to have the lowest error rate for a specific SVM multi-class scheme. In this paper, we propose a new approach to optimize the generalization capacity of such SVM multi-class schemes. This approach consists in a global selection of models for sub-problems altogether and is denoted as multi-model selection. A multi-model selection can outperform the classical individual model selection used until now in the literature, but this type of selection defines a hard optimisation problem, because it corresponds to a search a efficient solution into a huge space. Therefore, we propose an adapted EA to achieve that multi-model selection by defining specific fitness function and recombination operator

    Speed-Up LOO-CV with SVM Classifier

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    International audienceLeave-one-out Cross Validation (LOO-CV) gives an almost unbiased estimate of the expected generalization error. But the LOO-CV classical procedure with Support Vector Machines (SVM) is very expensive and cannot be applied when training set has more that few hundred examples. We propose a new LOO-CV method which uses modified initialization of Sequential Minimal Optimization (SMO) algorithm for SVM to speed-up LOO-CV. Moreover, when SMO's stopping criterion is changed with our adaptive method, experimental results show that speed-up of LOO-CV is greatly increased while LOO error estimation is very close to exact LOO error estimation

    An EA multi-model selection for SVM multiclass schemes

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    International audienceMulticlass problems with binary SVM classifiers are commonly treated as a decomposition in several binary sub-problems. An open question is how to properly tune all these sub-problems (SVM hyperparameters) in order to have the lowest error rate for a SVM multiclass scheme based on decomposition. In this paper, we propose a new approach to optimize the generalization capacity of such SVM multiclass schemes. This approach consists in a global selection of hyperparameters for sub-problems all together and it is denoted as multi-model selection. A multi-model selection can outperform the classical individual model selection used until now in the literature. An evolutionary algorithm (EA) is proposed to perform multi-model selection. Experimentations with our EA method show the benefits of our approach over the classical one
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