Translation, adaptation and validation of a learning style assessment instrument for pharmacists in Brazil / Tradução, adaptação e validação de um instrumento de avaliação de estilo de aprendizagem para farmacêuticos no Brasil

This study aims to perform the cross-cultural adaptation of the "Pharmacists' Inventory of Learning Styles" (PILS) instrument for its use in Brazil. The process involved five steps: (i) two independent translations, (ii) synthesis of said translations, (iii) back translation, (iv) review by expert committee and (v) pilot study. Discrepancies in the translations were resolved by consensus between the translators. The expert committee reviewed the semantic, idiomatic, conceptual and cultural equivalences between the original and the translated versions, suggesting changes in ten items (58%), with an agreement mean end of 92.4%. The modified version was rated by 48 people, among which were pharmacy students, residents and pharmacists, who considered it understandable and applicable. The adaptation process was successful, and the use of the instrument  as a tool for identifying learning styles is appropriate, which makes it an available resource for  continuing education and training practices of pharmaceutical professionals in the country

ABUSO SEXUAL DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES E SUAS REPERCUSSÕES

O abuso sexual é um problema de saúde pública em que um adulto utiliza-se de uma criança ou adolescente para satisfazer seu desejo sexual, através de carícias, manipulação de genitália, mama ou ânus, exploração sexual, voyeurismo, pornografia, exibicionismo, até o ato sexual, com ou sem penetração, transgredindo assim, as normas sociais, morais e legais. Dada à considerável incidência e as graves complicações decorrentes desta prática às vítimas decorre-se o presente estudo. Objetiva analisar as contribuições da literatura nacional e internacional sobre o panorama quantitativo e qualitativo dos casos de abuso sexual praticado contra crianças e adolescentes e suas principais complicações e sequelas. Efetuou-se uma revisão de literatura utilizando artigos das bases de dados Scielo, LILACS e MEDLINE. Utilizou-se os seguintes descritores: Abuso sexual, violência, crianças, adolescentes, complicações. Nos Estados Unidos, as denúncias junto às autoridades legais apresentam taxas variáveis de 16 a 32%, com cerca de 300 a 350 mil pessoas com idade de 12 anos ou mais vitimizadas anualmente, e igual número de vítimas com idade abaixo de 12 anos. No Brasil, inexistem dados globais a respeito do fenômeno, estimando-se que menos de 10% dos casos chegam às delegacias. Apesar da intensificação de pesquisas brasileiras que investigam a dinâmica e os efeitos desta forma de violência, constata-se a necessidade de estudos sobre a avaliação e a intervenção psicológica. O desenvolvimento de pesquisas sobre tais métodos é importante, devido à elevada incidência e às consequências negativas para o desenvolvimento cognitivo, afetivo e social das vítimas

Oxygen therapy assessment in adult patients at an intensive care unit of a teaching hospital

Objective: to carry out a situational diagnosis of the adequacy of oxygen therapy prescriptions in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) of a teaching hospital in Northeast Brazil. Methods: this is a cross-sectional, descriptive, retrospective, and quantitative study, in which the medical records and prescriptions of patients using oxygen, admitted to the ICU between March and June 2021, were evaluated, based on the guidelines of the British Thoracic Society (BTS). This advocates that target O₂ saturation, delivery device and initial O₂ flow are minimum and mandatory criteria for prescribing oxygen therapy. The project is part of a larger research approved by the ethics committee in research involving human beings with the number 3,709,534 (CAAE n° 22984119.9.0000.5546). Results: The sample consisted of 42 patients. Of these, 90.5% had an indication for the use of oxygen, but only 71.4% had oxygen therapy in the prescription. No prescription contained the target saturation, 64.3% had the delivery device, and 16.7% contained the initial flow or inspired fraction of O₂. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that oxygen prescriptions in the researched care unit do not meet the BTS recommendations and that interventions should be performed to make care safer

Prevalence of clinically manifested drug interactions in hospitalized patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

AIMS:This review aims to determine the prevalence of clinically manifested drug-drug interactions (DDIs) in hospitalized patients. METHODS:PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases were used to identify articles published before June 2019 that met specific inclusion criteria. The search strategy was developed using both controlled and uncontrolled vocabulary related to the following domains: "drug interactions," "clinically relevant," and "hospital." In this review, we discuss original observational studies that detected DDIs in the hospital setting, studies that provided enough data to allow us to calculate the prevalence of clinically manifested DDIs, and studies that described the drugs prescribed or provided DDI adverse reaction reports, published in either English, Portuguese, or Spanish. RESULTS:From the initial 5,999 articles identified, 10 met the inclusion criteria. The pooled prevalence of clinically manifested DDIs was 9.2% (CI 95% 4.0-19.7). The mean number of medications per patient reported in six studies ranged from 4.0 to 9.0, with an overall average of 5.47 ± 1.77 drugs per patient. The quality of the included studies was moderate. The main methods used to identify clinically manifested DDIs were evaluating medical records and ward visits (n = 7). Micromedex® (27.7%) and Lexi-Comp® (27.7%) online reference databases were commonly used to detect DDIs and none of the studies evaluated used more than one database for this purpose. CONCLUSIONS:This systematic review showed that, despite the significant prevalence of potential DDIs reported in the literature, less than one in ten patients were exposed to a clinically manifested drug interaction. The use of causality tools to identify clinically manifested DDIs as well as clinical adoption of DDI lists based on actual adverse outcomes that can be identified through the implementation of real DDI notification systems is recommended to reduce the incidence of alert fatigue, enhance decision-making for DDI prevention or resolution, and, consequently, contribute to patient safety