L'homme et l'animal dans le bassin du lac Tchad

L'expérience du Cameroun montre que les acquis des campagnes d'éradication des glossines s'avèrent difficiles à préserver. Les mouvements incessants du bétail favorisent en effet la ré-infestation des pâturages assainis. Pour sauvegarder la qualité de l'environnement pastoral, les éleveurs se doivent aujourd'hui d'intervenir avec leurs propres moyens. Une expérience est conduite en ce sens avec les éleveurs peuls de la région sud de Garoua. Un éclairage méthodologique est apporté afin d'expliquer l'adhésion des acteurs au programme de lutte contre les glossines. La conception des actions repose sur l'étude des pratiques des éleveurs et sur l'analyse du système d'information auquel ils ont accès. A la lumière de ces éléments de réflexion, la collaboration entre les différents acteurs s'articule et conduit à la diffusion de l'innovation ainsi qu'à l'organisation d'une filère d'approvisionnement en produits insecticides et pulvérisateurs manuels. (Résumé d'auteur

From cell lines to pluripotent Stem Cells for Modelling Parkinson's Disease

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons in the substantia nigra that contributes to the main motor symptoms of the disease. At present, even if several advancements have been done in the last decades, the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis are far to be fully understood. Accordingly, the establishment of reliable in vitro experimental models to investigate the early events of the pathogenesis represents a key issue in the field. However, to mimic and reproduce in vitro the complex neuronal circuitry involved in PD-associated degeneration of DAergic neurons still remains a highly challenging issue. Here we will review the in vitro PD models used in the last 25 years of research, ranging from cell lines, primary rat or mice neuronal cultures to the more recent use of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) and, finally, the development of 3D midbrain organoids

Longitudinal investigation of Salmonella spp. from farm to fork in the pig industry in Reunion Island

Salmonella is, after Campylobacter, the most reported zoonotic pathogen in Europe. Pork meat is frequently incriminated in salmonellosis. However, asymptomatic carrying of Salmonella by pigs makes its detection difficult. Despite its tropical situation, pig industry of Reunion Island is also concerned by this public health burden

Prevalence and risk indicators associated with Salmonella infection in farrow-to-finish farm in Reunion Island

Salmonella is the second cause of foodborne diseases in France and pork products are regularly incriminated. For the implementation of control measures in farms, it is necessary to better understand the risks of infection of pigs by Salmonella at farms. Our epidemiological study aims to determine Salmonella prevalence of fattening pigs in Reunion Island, oversea territory of France, and the main risk indicators for pig infection. Fifty farms (farrow-to finish and multiplier) were randomly selected and visited 4 times: at slaughtered previous batch, after cleaning and disinfection, beginning and end of the fattening period for the studied batch. Pools of fresh faeces, gauze socks and gauze swabs were sampled to assess the bacteriological status of these pig farms. A questionnaire was submitted to farmers and analysed for the further identification of risk indicators

Consistency and sensitivity of stream periphyton community structural and functional responses to nutrient enrichment

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117222/1/eap2013231159.pd

Common features between neoplastic and preneoplastic lesions of the biliary tract and the pancreas

The bile duct system and pancreas show many similarities due to their anatomical proximity and common embryological origin. Consequently, preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions of the bile duct and pancreas share analogies in terms of molecular, histological and pathophysiological features. Intraepithelial neoplasms are reported in biliary tract, as biliary intraepithelial neoplasm (BilIN), and in pancreas, as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasm (PanIN). Both can evolve to invasive carcinomas, respectively cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Intraductal papillary neoplasms arise in biliary tract and pancreas. Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the biliary tract (IPNB) share common histologic and phenotypic features such as pancreatobiliary, gastric, intestinal and oncocytic types, and biological behavior with the pancreatic counterpart, the intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas (IPMN). All these neoplastic lesions exhibit similar immunohistochemical phenotypes, suggesting a common carcinogenic process. Indeed, CCA and PDAC display similar clinic-pathological features as growth pattern, poor response to conventional chemotherapy and radiotherapy and, as a consequence, an unfavorable prognosis. The objective of this review is to discuss similarities and differences between the neoplastic lesions of the pancreas and biliary tract with potential implications on a common origin from similar stem/progenitor cells

Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity: Cardiac Monitoring by Continuous Wave-Doppler Ultrasound Cardiac Output Monitoring and Correlation to Echocardiography

Background: Anthracyclines are agents with a well-known cardiotoxicity. The study sought to evaluate the hemodynamic response to an anthracycline using real-time continuous-wave (CW)-Doppler ultrasound cardiac output monitoring (USCOM) and echocardiography in combination with serum biomarkers. Methods: 50 patients (26 male, 24 female, median age 59 years) suffering from various types of cancer received an anthracycline-based regimen. Patients' responses were measured at different time points (T0 prior to infusion, T1 6 h post infusion, T2 after 1 day, T3 after 7 days, and T4 after 3 months) with CW-Doppler ultrasound (T0-T4) and echocardiography (T1, T4) for hemodynamic parameters such as stroke volume (SV; SVUSCOM ml) and ejection fraction (EF; EFechocardiography%) and with NT-pro-BNP and hs-Troponin T (T0-T4). Results: During the 3-month observation period, the relative decrease in the EF determined by echocardiography was -2.1% (Delta T0-T4, T0 71 +/- 7.8%, T4 69.5 +/- 7%, p = 0.04), whereas the decrease in SV observed using CW-Doppler was -6.5% (Delta T0-T4, T0 54 +/- 19.2 ml, T4 50.5 +/- 20.6 ml, p = 0.14). The kinetics for serum biomarkers were inversely correlated. Conclusions: Combining real-time CW-Doppler USCOM and serum biomarkers is feasible for monitoring the immediate and chronic hemodynamic changes during an anthracycline-based regimen; the results obtained were comparable to those from echocardiography

Interactions between sea urchin grazing and prey diversity on temperate rocky reef communities

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/116948/1/ecy20139471636.pd

Prevalence and risk factors susceptibility of Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Listeria spp. isolated from pork and poultry sausages, in Reunion Island, France

Zoonoses are a public health burden in France. The most predominant pathogens incriminated in TIAC are Salmonella spp. Campylobacter spp., and Listeria spp. The population of Reunion Island eats a lot of pork and poultry meats. One of the local cooking characteristic is the sausage 100% poultry or 100% pig

Once daily levocetirizine for the treatment of allergic rhinitis and chronic idiopathic urticaria

Levocetirizine is the pharmacologically active enantiomer of cetirizine. It is a potent histamine H-1 receptor antagonist with anti-inflammatory and antiallergic properties. The review analyses the levocetirizine’s properties in terms of safety and efficacy both in allergic rhinitis and urticarioid syndromes