Decision Counseling in Prostate Cancer Screening

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Water quality and fish size affect toxicity of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, to rainbow trout

Altinok, Ilhan/0000-0003-3475-521XWOS: 000240673700022PubMed: 16466770The acute toxicity of endosulfan in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, 10.61 +/- 1.69 g) was evaluated in glass aquaria under static conditions. Nominal concentrations of endosulfan in the toxicity test ranged from 1.3 mu g l(-1) to 29 mu g l(-1). The concentrations of endosulfan that killed 50% of the rainbow trout within 24-h (24-h LC50), 48-h LC50, 72-h LC50, and 96-h LC50 were 19.78, 8.89, 5.28, and 1.75 mu g l(-1), respectively. None of the unexposed control fish died, and the first fish died 4 h after exposure to 26.3 mu g l(-1) of endosulfan. Survival of fish was significantly increased with increasing fish size and decreased with decreased fish size at the same temperature (p < 0.001). Temperature also had a significant effect on survival of fish. Alkalinity at levels above 20 mg l(-1) as CaCO3 significantly increased survival of fish at 19.78 mu g l(-1) of endosulfan. Increasing alkalinity from 20 mg l(-1) as CaCO3 to 42 or higher concentrations tested in this study (121 mg L-1 as CaCO3) significantly increased survival of fish (p < 0.01). Total hardness ranging from 55 mg l(-1) as CaCO3 to 126 mg l(-1) as CaCO3 did not affect survival of fish exposed to endosulfan. Endosulfan toxicity was found to be irreversible when fish were exposed to minimum concentrations of endosulfan tested. Histologically, fish gills had lamellar edema, separation of epithelium from lamellae, lamellar fusion, and swelling of the epithelial cells. Melanomacrophage centers were scattered throughout the trunk kidney, head kidney, and spleen. The liver of endosulfan-exposed fish had severe focal necrosis. None of these lesions were seen in unexposed control fish. Results indicate that alkalinity, temperature, and fish size affect endosulfan toxicity of rainbow trout. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved

Protozoan and metazoan parasites of cultured fish in Turkey and their applied treatments

This publication summarizes information on parasites of Turkish fishes from 2003 to 2008. The information is presented as parasite-host lists and contains 79 species of parasites, distributed among the higher taxa as follows: Protozoa (14 species), Monogenea (12), Digenea (15), Cestodes (8), Crustacae (1), Isopoda (7), Copepoda (4), Nematoda (8), Bivalvia (1), Acanthocephala (5), Hirudinea (1), and Myxosporean (3). Many records of parasites not identified to the species level are also included. The parasite-host lists are organized on a taxonomic basis and provide information for parasite species found on host species, known geographic distributions in Turkey, and published sources for each host and locality record

Disease of rainbow trout caused by Pseudomonas luteola

Bacteria isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, kept in a farm, in Turkey. During the outbreak, 40% of the rainbow trout (10-40 g) died. Typical clinical signs were exophthalmia, dark pigmentation, hemorrhage at the base of the pectoral, pelvic, anal fins and around the vent. Internal signs were enlarged spleen, pale liver and intestine filled with yellowish fluid. Liver, kidney and spleen of diseased fish, were aseptically streaked on Tryptic Soy Agar. After incubation, pure cultured colonies were observed and biochemically characterized with API 20 NE and other biochemical tests. Cultured bacterial 16 S rDNA gene was sequenced. Based on biochemical characteristics and sequence of 16 S rRNA, the causative bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas luteola. This study reports the first P. luteola infection in fish. © 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Devlet Planlama Örgütü Devlet Planlama Örgütü: 2003 K 120750This project was funded by the State Planning Organization (Devlet Planlama Teskilati; Project no: 2003 K 120750)

Serum Levels of IL-17, IL-6, TNF-alpha and Disease Activity in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

WOS: 000409185000008Objective the aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in RA patients and to assess the correlation of these cytokines with clinical and laboratory parameters. Materials and Methods 48 patients with RA and 35 healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study. Disease activity was determined by disease activity score (DAS28) in patients with RA. Patients with RA were categorized as mild (DAS28 0.05). Serum IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in RA patients compared with controls (P < 0.001). the increasing trend in mean serum IL-6 levels across group with mild, moderate, and severe disease activity was significant (P < 0.001, respectively). in RA patients, serum IL-6 concentrations were significantly correlated with ESR, CRP, DAS28, and VAS (r = 0.371, P = 0.009; r = 0.519, P < 0.001; r = 0.536, P < 0.001; r = 0.539, P < 0.001, respectively). Also, Serum IL-17 concentrations demonstrated significant correlations with ESR, CRP, but not DAS28 (r = 0.349, P = 0.015; r = 0.299, P = 0.039; r = 0.274, P = 0.060, respectively). Serum TNF-alpha showed no significant correlation with disease activity indices. Conclusions This study showed that patients with RA had significantly increased cytokine level for IL-6, but not IL-17 and TNF-alpha and high level of serum IL-6 cytokine was associated with disease activity. However, further follow-up studies involving large samples are required to clarify precise role of these cytokines in disease development and progress

Gender specific differences in patients with psoriatic arthritis

PMID = 2741596