PRIMEROS REGISTROS DE ACAROS DEL GENERO NEHARPYRHYNCHUS (ACARIFORMES: HARPIRHYNCHIDAE) EN AVES DEL PERU

Two mite species of the genus Neharpyrhynchus (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) were recorded on wild birds in Peru: Neharpyrhynchus trochilinus from Amazilia lacteal, and A. chionogaster (both Apodiformes: Trochilidae) and Neharpyrhynchus tangara from Thraupis episcopus (Passeriformers: Thraupidae). Records from A. chionogaster and T. episcopus represent new hostparasite associations. Mites of this genus were found in Peru for the first time.Dos especies de ácaros del género Neharpyrhynchus (Acariformes: Harpirhynchidae) fueron registrados en aves silvestres del Perú: Neharpyrhynchus trochilinus ex Amazilia lactea y A. chionogaster (ambos Apodiformes: Trochilidae) y Neharpyrhynchus tangara ex Thraupis episcopus (Passeriformes: Thraupidae). Los registros en A. chionogaster y T. episcopus representan nuevas asociaciones huesped - parásito. Los ácaros de este género fueron reportados por primera vez para el Perú

Spatiotemporal patterns of egg laying in the common cuckoo

Understanding egg-laying behaviour of brood parasites in space and time can improve our knowledge of interactions between hosts and parasites. However, no studies have combined information on the laying activity of an obligate brood parasite with detailed information on the distribution of host nests within an area and time period. Here, we used molecular methods and analysis of egg phenotypes to determine maternal identity of common cuckoo, Cuculus canorus, eggs and chicks found in the nests of four species of Acrocephalus warblers in consecutive years. The median size of a cuckoo female laying area (calculated as a minimum convex polygon) was correlated negatively with the density of host nests and positively with the number of eggs assigned to a particular female. Cuckoo female laying areas overlapped to a large extent and their size and location did not change between years. Cuckoo females preferentially parasitized host nests located close to their previously parasitized nests and were mostly host specific except for two that parasitized two host species. Future studies should focus on sympatric host and parasite communities with variable densities across different brood-parasitic systems to investigate how population density of hosts affects fitness and evolution of brood parasites. For instance, it remains unknown whether female parasites moving to new sites need to meet a threshold density of a potential host. In addition, young females may be more limited in their egg laying, particularly with respect to the activity of other parasites and hosts, than older females

Eutrombicula gonzalezi Stekolnikov & Capek & Literák 2022, sp. nov.

Eutrombicula gonzalezi Stekolnikov sp. nov. (Figs. 7–9) Diagnosis. SIF = 7BS-N-2-3111.1000; fsp = 7.7.7; fCx = 1.1.1; fSt = 2.2; fPp = B/B/NNB; fSc: PL> AL> AM; Ip = 954–1003; fD = 2H-6-6-4-2(2-4)-(0–2); DS = 20–22; V = 10–12; NDV = 32. Inner prong of palpal claw significantly shorter that outer prong; scutal and dorsal idiosomal setae thin and sparsely covered with short appressed barbs; scutum nearly pentagonal, covered with puncta of different size, without transverse striae; sensilla (trichobothria) with ca. 7–9 branches in distal half; sensillary bases anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 4–11 µm). Standard measurements of type series given in Table 4. Description (larva) (based on holotype and 9 paratypes). IDIOSOMA (Figs. 7, 8A–F). Eyes 2 + 2; 20–22 dorsal idiosomal setae, including one pair of humeral setae, thin and sparsely covered with short appressed barbs, by 6 setae in 1 st and 2 nd (D) posthumeral rows, 4 setae in 3 rd (E) row, 2 setae in 4 th (F) row (setae in rows E and F can be also counted as 2-4); 2 more caudal setae can be counted among ventral setae; arrangement of setae in holotype 2H-6-6-4-2; 4 sternal setae; 10–12 ventral setae; NDV = 32 (no variation recorded). GNATHOSOMA (Fig. 8G, H). Cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap; cheliceral base with small dense puncta basally and more sparse puncta in distal part; gnathobase with small puncta, transverse striae, and 1 pair of branched gnathocoxal (tritorostral) setae; galeal (deutorostral) seta nude; palpal claw with 2 prongs, inner prong significantly shorter that outer prong; palpal femur with sparse puncta different by size, with branched seta; palpal genu with puncta and branched seta; dorsal and lateral palpal tibial setae nude, ventral palpal tibial seta branched; palpal tarsus with 7 branched setae, nude subterminala (ζ) and basal tarsala (ω). SCUTUM (Figs. 7C, 8A). Nearly pentagonal, covered with puncta of two types: 1) of moderate size, sparsely covering all scutal surface, 2) very small, forming dense groups in some parts of scutum; anterolateral shoulders small, anterior scutal margin lightly sinuous, lateral margins concave, posterior margin angulate; AM at level of AL, sensillary (trichobothrial) bases anterior to level of PL (PSB —P-PL = 4–11 µm); all scutal setae uniform with dorsal idiosomal setae; PL> AL> AM; flagelliform sensilla (trichobothria), with ca. 7–9 branches in distal half. LEGS (Fig. 9). All 7-segmented, with 1 pair of claws and claw-like empodium. Leg I: coxa with 1 branched seta (1B); trochanter 1B; basifemur 1B; telofemur 5B; genu 4B, 3 genualae (σ), microgenuala (κ); tibia 8B, 2 tibialae (φ), microtibiala (κ); tarsus 22B, tarsala (ω), microtarsala (ε) distal to tarsala, subterminala (ζ), parasubterminala (z), pretarsala (ζ). Leg II: coxa 1B; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 4B; genu 3B, genuala; tibia 6B, 2 tibialae (φ); tarsus 16B, tarsala (ω), microtarsala (ε) proximal to tarsala, pretarsala (ζ). Leg III: coxa 1B; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 3B; genu 3B, genuala; tibia 6B, tibiala; tarsus 14B, mastitarsala. Hosts. Myiophobus fasciatus, Turdus albicollis, Schiffornis virescens. Type material. Holotype larva (ZIN 8940) ex T. albicollis No PG 212, PARAGUAY: San Rafael National Park, Kanguery, 22 August 2012. Paratypes: 9 larvae (ZIN 8941–8949) with same data; 3 larvae (ZIN 8905–8907) ex S. virescens No PG 52 and 2 larvae (ZIN 8983, 8984) ex M. fasciatus No PG 248, Kanguery, 19 and 24 August 2012, respectively. Etymology. The species is named after Dr. Daniel González-Acuña (1963–2020), a Chilean parasitologist who made an important contribution to the chigger studies in South America. Differential diagnosis. Eutrombicula gonzalezi sp. nov. is similar to E. picunche Stekolnikov and González-Acuña, 2015 described from a single specimen (holotype) collected from a lizard in Chile, in having the shape of scutum and setation of palps and idiosoma similar, but differs from it by the relatively shorter inner prong of palpal claw, the presence of nude mastitarsala (vs. ciliated), larger scutum (PW = 88–100 vs. 72, SD = 56–64 vs. 53) with more prominent posterior margin (PSB = 29–34 vs. 22, P-PL = 21–29 vs. 17), longer setae (e.g. AM = 30–36, AL = 35–41, PL = 56–63, and V min = 38–43 vs. 23, 23, 35, and 29, respectively), and much longer legs (Ip = 954–1003 vs. 720).Published as part of Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., Capek, Miroslav & Literák, Ivan, 2022, New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics, pp. 501-552 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 514-517, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/659805

Ascoschoengastia tragulata

Ascoschoengastia tragulata (Brennan and Jones, 1961) (Fig. 22) Euschöngastia tragulata Brennan and Jones, 1961b: 110, fig. 6. Ascoschoengastia (Ascoschoengastia) tragulata: Vercammen-Grandjean 1965: 92. Euschoengastia tragulata: Brennan & Junker 1966: 235; Brennan 1970: 811. Microtrombicula tragulata: Webb & Loomis 1970: 141, fig. 4; Brennan & Reed 1975: 56; Hoffmann 1990: 94, fig. 59; Bassini-Silva et al. 2021: 777. Ascoschoengastia tragulata: Kudryashova 1998: 30. Microtrombicula (Microtrombicula) tragulata: Nielsen et al. 2021: 156. Diagnosis. SIF = 6B(N)-N-3-3111.1000; fsp = 7.7.7; fCx = 1.1.1; fSt = 2.2; fPp = B/b/N(b)N(b)B(f); fSc: PL> AM> AL; Ip = 549–571; fD = 2H-6-6-6-4+(2–8); DS = 26–32; V = 23–30; NDV = 55–56. Palpal femoral seta with small cilia, palpal genual seta with 1–2 branches, dorsal and lateral palpal tibial setae nude or having 1–2 branches, ventral palpal tibial seta branched or forked; scutum nearly pentagonal, punctated, with anterolateral shoulders, with rounded, slightly projected posterior margin; AM anterior to level of AL; sensilla fusiform, with longitudinal rows of setules, far anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 8–11 µm). Standard measurements of examined specimens given in Table 11. Distribution. Bolivia, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Venezuela (Bassini-Silva et al. 2021), and Costa Rica (this study). “ Microtrombicula nr. tragulata ” was also recorded by Brennan & Lukoschus (1971) from Surinam. Hosts. Bassariscus astutus (Lichtenstein), Nasua narica (L.), Potos flavus (Schreber) (Carnivora: Procyonidae), Coendou quichua Thomas (= C. rothschildi) (Rodentia: Erethizontidae), Rattus rattus (L.) (Rodentia: Muridae), Hylaeamus megacephalus (Fischer) (= Oryzomys capito) (Rodentia: Cricetidae), Didelphis marsupialis L., Marmosa robinsoni Bangs (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae) (Brennan 1970; Brennan & Reed 1975). New host records: Glyphorynchus spirurus, Xiphorhynchus erythropygius, Myrmotherula schisticolor. Localization on hosts. In ears (X. erythropygius Nos T 071 and T297), around vent (G. spirurus No T 016), in ears and around vent (G. spirurus No T 250), in axilla and surrounding area (M. schisticolor No T 014). Material examined. 28 larvae (ZIN 9305–9314, 9318, 9319, 9325, 9486, 9488-9490, 9494, 9533-9542) ex X. erythropygius Nos T 071 and T 297, M. schisticolor No T 014, G. spirurus Nos T 016 and T 250, COSTA RICA: Tapanti Nat. Park, Sector Tapanti, 31 July–9 August 2009. Remarks. Based on the presence of fusiform sensilla, this species should be placed in the genus Ascoschoengastia Ewing, 1946 rather than Microtrombicula Ewing, 1950, to which it is referred by most modern authors (Webb & Loomis 1970; Brennan & Reed 1975; Hoffmann 1990; Bassini-Silva et al. 2021). These two genera are morphologically identical, except for the shape of sensilla—inflated in Ascoschoengastia and flagelliform in Microtrombicula (Nadchatram & Dohany 1974).Published as part of Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., Capek, Miroslav & Literák, Ivan, 2022, New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics, pp. 501-552 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 535-537, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/659805

Parasecia thalurania

Parasecia thalurania (Brennan, 1969) (Fig. 20) Fonsecia (Parasecia) thalurania Brennan, 1969: 663, fig. 1. Parasecia thalurania: Goff 1992b: 967; Bassini-Silva et al. 2020: 167, figs. 21, 22. Diagnosis. SIF = 7BS-N-3-3111.0000; fsp = 7.7.7; fCx = 1.1.1; fSt = 2.2; fPp = B/B/NNN; fSc: PL> AM> AL; Ip = 643–691; fD = 2H-(8–10)-(9–12)+(24–40); DS = 44–63; V = 27–42; NDV = 71–99. Cheliceral blade with ventral tooth in addition to tricuspid cap; scutum nearly rectangular, with anterolateral shoulders and sparse puncta; sensilla heavily branched in distal half; sensillary bases slightly anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 3–5 µm). Standard measurements of examined specimens given in Table 9. Distribution. Brazil (Bassini-Silva et al. 2020), and Peru (this study). Hosts. Glyphorynchus spirurus (Passeriformes: Furnariidae), Thalurania furcata (Gmelin) (Apodiformes: Trochilidae) (Bassini-Silva et al. 2020). Localization on hosts. Breast and cloaca (G. spirurus No IQ26). Material examined. Nine larvae (ZIN 8860–8862, 8864–8869) ex G. spirurus No IQ 26, PERU: Iquitos, National Reserve Allpahuayo Mishana, 15 August 2011; 9 larvae (ZIN 8896–8904) ex one unnumbered G. spirurus, National Reserve Allpahuayo Mishana, 14 August 2011.Published as part of Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., Capek, Miroslav & Literák, Ivan, 2022, New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics, pp. 501-552 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 531-532, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/659805

Eutrombicula talamancensis Stekolnikov & Capek & Literák 2022, sp. nov.

Eutrombicula talamancensis Stekolnikov sp. nov. (Figs. 1–3) Diagnosis. SIF = 7BS-N-2-3111.1000; fsp = 7.7.7; fCx = 1.1.1; fSt = 2.2; fPp = B/N/NNN; fSc: PL> AM> AL; Ip = 839–947; fD = 2H-6-6-(4–8)-2-(2–4); DS = 22–26; V = 12–17; NDV = 34–40. Inner prong of palpal claw twice as short as outer prong and located medially on the latter; scutal and dorsal idiosomal setae covered with barbs of moderate size; scutum nearly trapezoidal, with small dense puncta and poorly visible transverse striae; sensilla (trichobothria) with ca. 7 branches in distal part; sensillary bases anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 6–11 µm). Standard measurements of type series given in Table 2. Description (larva) (based on holotype and 15 paratypes). IDIOSOMA (Figs. 1, 2A–G). Eyes 2 + 2; 22–26 dorsal idiosomal setae, including one pair of humeral setae, moderately covered with barbs, by 6 setae in 1 st and 2 nd (D) posthumeral rows, 4, 6 or 8 setae in 3 rd (E) row, by 2 setae in next two rows, sometimes with 1–2 additional setae, arrangement of setae in holotype 2H-6-6-4-2-2; 4 sternal setae; 12–17 ventral setae; NDV = 34–40. GNATHOSOMA (Fig. 2H, I). Cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap; cheliceral base, gnathobase, palpal femur, genu, and tibia with small puncta; gnathobase with transverse striae and 1 pair of branched gnathocoxal (tritorostral) setae; galeal (deutorostral) seta nude; palpal claw with 2 prongs, inner prong twice as short as outer prong and located medially on the latter; seta on palpal femur branched; setae on palpal genu and tibia nude; palpal tarsus with 7 branched setae, nude subterminala (ζ) and basal tarsala (ω). SCUTUM (Figs. 1C, 2A). Nearly trapezoidal, densely covered with small puncta, with transverse striae (sometimes poorly visible), with anterolateral shoulders, anterior scutal margin sinuous, lateral margins concave, posterior margin almost straight in middle part and obliquely cut at edges; AM at level of AL, sensillary (trichobothrial) bases anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 6–11 µm); all scutal setae uniform with dorsal idiosomal setae; PL> AM> AL; flagelliform sensilla (trichobothria), with ca. 7 branches in distal part. LEGS (Fig. 3). All 7-segmented, with 1 pair of claws and claw-like empodium. Coxae with indistinct striae along segments and dense small puncta. Leg I: coxa with 1 branched seta (1B); trochanter 1B; basifemur 1B; telofemur 5B; genu 4B, 3 genualae (σ), microgenuala (κ); tibia 8B, 2 tibialae (φ), microtibiala (κ); tarsus 22B, tarsala (ω), microtarsala (ε) distal to tarsala, subterminala (ζ), parasubterminala (z), pretarsala (ζ). Leg II: coxa 1B; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 4B; genu 3B, genuala; tibia 6B, 2 tibialae (φ); tarsus 16B, tarsala (ω), microtarsala (ε) proximal to tarsala, pretarsala (ζ). Leg III: coxa 1B; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 3B; genu 3B, genuala; tibia 6B, tibiala; tarsus 14B, mastitarsala. Hosts. Attila spadiceus, Catharus frantzii, Dendrocincla homochroa, Dendrocolaptes picumnus, Glyphorynchus spirurus, Gymnopithys bicolor, Henicorhina leucosticta, Leptotila verreauxi, Momotus lessonii, Thripadectes rufobrunneus. Type material. Holotype larva (ZIN 9254) ex A. spadiceus No LT 147, COSTA RICA: Cordillera de Talamanсa, Las Tablas, 21 August 2010. Paratypes: 1 larva (ZIN 9255) with same data; 60 larvae (interval of numbers: ZIN 9202–9293): ex D. homochroa No LT 186 (10 larvae), G. spirurus Nos LT 001, LT040, and LT167 (30 larvae), G. bicolor Nos LT 097, LT129, LT131, LT152, and LT156 (12 larvae), H. leucosticta No LT 182 (2 larvae), and M. lessonii No LT 108 (6 larvae), Cordillera de Talamanсa, Las Tablas, 18–21 August 2010. Additional material. 57 larvae (interval of numbers: ZIN 9323–9572): ex C. frantzii No T 330 (5 larvae), D. picumnus No T284 (8 larvae), G. spirurus Nos. T 016, T145, T217, T250, and T317 (41 larvae), T. rufobrunneus No T 184 (3 larvae), COSTA RICA: Tapanti National. Park, Sector Tapanti, 31 July–11 August 2009; 1 larva (ZIN 9602) ex L. verreauxi No R 019, COSTA RICA: Rincón de la Vieja National Park, 16 August 2009. Localization on hosts. In ears and around vent (D. picumnus No T 284, G. spirurus No T 250), around vent (G. spirurus Nos T 016, T 217, T 317). Etymology. The species epithet talamancensis refers to the Cordillera de Talamanca mountain range where the type locality is situated. Differential diagnosis. Eutrombicula talamancensis sp. nov. is similar to Eutrombicula costaricensis Stekolnikov, Literák, Čapek and Havlíček, 2007 and differs from it by the presence of nude palpal genual and ventral palpal tibial setae (fPp = B/N/NNN vs. B/B/NNB), greater number of idiosomal setae (DS = 22–26 and NDV = 34–40 vs. 19–21 and 31–33, respectively), longer leg tarsus III (TaIIIL = 76–84 vs. 68–74), and the presence of transverse striae on the scutum. The new species is also similar to E. tinami and differs from it by fPp = B/N/NNN vs. B/B/NNB, shorter scutum (PSB = 24–31, SD = 49–61, and AP = 26–32 vs. 35, 64, and 38, respectively), shorter AM (39–52 vs. 56), and shorter AL (35–44 vs. 48). The presence or absence of transverse striae on the scutum was not indicated in descriptions of E. tinami by previous researchers (Oudemans 1910, 1912; Fuller 1952). Eutrombicula tinami was recently redescribed by Bassini-Silva et al. (2019) using a new material from Brazil. Their measurements somewhat deviate from those taken by Fuller (1952) from the type series. The most noticeable differences are lesser SB (21–29 vs. 45), longer scutum (ASB = 44–49 vs. 29 and SD = 74–85 vs. 64), and shorter AM (43–46 vs. 56–59). Although the recent redescription did not consider the sculpture of scutum, the transverse striae are clearly visible on the SEM photograph given in that work (Bassini-Silva et al. 2019: fig. 5C). Eutrombicula talamancensis sp. nov. differs from the form of E. tinami described by Bassini-Silva et al. (2019) by fPp = B/N/NNN vs. B/B/NNB, greater SB (40–47 vs. 21–29), shorter scutum (ASB = 25–32, SD = 49–61, and AP = 26–32 vs. 44–49, 74–85, and 33–36, respectively), shorter AL (35–44 vs. 46–55), and shorter legs (TaIIIL = 76–84 vs. 89–97; total lengths of legs are incomparable with our data, since these authors measured legs without coxae).Published as part of Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., Capek, Miroslav & Literák, Ivan, 2022, New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics, pp. 501-552 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 505-509, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/659805

New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics

Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., Capek, Miroslav, Literák, Ivan (2022): New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics. Zootaxa 5141 (6): 501-552, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.

Eutrombicula pacae

Eutrombicula pacae (Floch and Fauran, 1957) (Figs. 16–18) Trombicula (Eutrombicula) pacae Floch and Fauran, 1957: 1, fig. 1. Eutrombicula pacae: Brennan & Reed 1974: 710; Loomis & Wrenn 1984: 158; Stekolnikov et al. 2007: 65. Diagnosis. SIF = 7BS-N-2-3111.1000; fsp = 7.7.7; fCx = 1.1.1; fSt = 2.2; fPp = B/B(N)/NNN; fSc: PL ≥ AM> AL; Ip = 764–810; fD = 2H-6-6-4-2-2(2-4-2); DS = 22; V = 14–15; NDV = 36–37. Inner prong of palpal claw twice as short as outer prong and located medially on the latter; scutal and dorsal idiosomal setae moderately barbed; scutum nearly trapezoidal, with small dense puncta, without transverse striae; sensilla (trichobothria) with ca. 7 branches in distal part; sensillary bases anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 6–9 µm). Standard measurements of examined specimens given in Table 7. Redescription (larva) (based on 7 specimens). IDIOSOMA (Figs. 16, 17A–E). Eyes 2 + 2; 22 dorsal idiosomal setae, including one pair of humeral setae, moderately covered with barbs, by 6 setae in 1 st and 2 nd (D) posthumeral rows, 4 setae in 3 rd (E) row, by 2 setae in 4 th (F) and 5 th (H) rows (setae in last 3 rows can be also counted as 2-4-2); 4 sternal setae; 14–15 ventral setae; NDV = 36–37. GNATHOSOMA (Fig. 17F, G). Cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap; cheliceral base with small dense puncta basally and more sparse puncta of different size in distal part; gnathobase with small dense puncta, transverse striae, and 1 pair of branched gnathocoxal (tritorostral) setae; galeal (deutorostral) seta nude; palpal claw with 2 prongs, inner prong twice as short as outer prong and located medially on the latter; palpal femur with puncta and branched seta; palpal genu with puncta and branched (5 of examined specimens) or nude (2 of examined specimens) seta; palpal tibia with three nude setae; palpal tarsus with 7 branched setae, nude subterminala (ζ) and basal tarsala (ω). SCUTUM (Figs. 16C, 17A). Nearly trapezoidal, densely covered with small puncta, without transverse striae, with small anterolateral shoulders, anterior scutal margin sinuous, lateral margins concave, posterior margin broadly rounded; AM at level of AL, sensillary (trichobothrial) bases anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 6–9 µm); all scutal setae uniform with dorsal idiosomal setae; PL ≥ AM> AL; flagelliform sensilla (trichobothria), with ca. 7 branches in distal half. LEGS (Fig. 18). All 7-segmented, with 1 pair of claws and claw-like empodium. Leg I: coxa with 1 branched seta (1B); trochanter 1B; basifemur 1B; telofemur 5B; genu 4B, 3 genualae (σ), microgenuala (κ); tibia 8B, 2 tibialae (φ), microtibiala (κ); tarsus 22B, tarsala (ω), microtarsala (ε) distal to tarsala, subterminala (ζ), parasubterminala (z), pretarsala (ζ). Leg II: coxa 1B; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 4B; genu 3B, genuala; tibia 6B, 2 tibialae (φ); tarsus 16B, tarsala (ω), microtarsala (ε) proximal to tarsala, pretarsala (ζ). Leg III: coxa 1B; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 3B; genu 3B, genuala; tibia 6B, tibiala; tarsus 14B, mastitarsala. Distribution. French Guiana, Venezuela, Surinam, and Costa Rica (Stekolnikov et al. 2007). Hosts. Mammalia: Cuniculus paca (L.) (= Agouti paca) (Rodentia: Cuniculidae), Dasyprocta leporina (L.) (Rodentia: Dasyproctidae), Proechimys guyannensis (É. Geoffroy) (= P. cayennensis), P. semispinosus (Tomes) (Rodentia: Echimyidae), Rhipidomys sp. (Rodentia: Cricetidae), Caluromys philander (L.), Marmosops fuscatus (Thomas) (= Marmosa fuscata), Marmosa robinsoni Bangs (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae), Artibeus lituratus (Olfers), Carollia brevicauda (Schinz) (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae); Aves: Formicarius analis (Passeriformes: Formicariidae), Henicorhina leucosticta pittieri (Passeriformes: Troglodytidae), Turdus leucomelas Vieillot (Passeriformes: Turdidae) (Stekolnikov et al. 2007). New host records: Gymnopithys bicolor and Momotus lessonii. Material examined. Ten larvae (ZIN 9261–9270) ex F. analis No LT 157, 2 larvae (ZIN 9249, 9251) ex G. bicolor No LT 131, 2 larvae (ZIN 9291, 9294) ex H. leucosticta No LT 182, 3 larvae (ZIN 9226, 9227, 9235) ex M. lessonii No LT 108, COSTA RICA: Cordillera de Talamanсa, Las Tablas, 20–22 August 2010. Remarks. The most characteristic traits of this species, in addition to fD = B/B(N)/NNN, are a large distance between caudal setae (Fig. 17D), the blunt posterior end of idiosoma (Floch & Fauran 1957, fig. I, 3; compare with Fig. 16A in the present paper), and the presence of two additional ventral caudal setae laterally (Fig. 17E; fV = 6-2- 2-4 vs. 6-2-2- 2 in the drawings of all species described above). It is worth to notice that these setae are also present in the form described by Bassini-Silva et al. (2019) as E. tinami (fV = 6-2-2-4-2).Published as part of Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., Capek, Miroslav & Literák, Ivan, 2022, New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics, pp. 501-552 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 525-527, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/659805

Eutrombicula goeldii

Eutrombicula goeldii (Oudemans, 1910) (Figs. 10–12) Microthrombidium göldii Oudemans, 1910: 84; 1912: 13, fig. B. Trombicula (Eutrombicula) göldii: Jenkins 1949: 312, figs. 8, 9 (larva), 11 (adult). Eutrombicula göldii: Fuller 1952: 136. Eutrombicula goeldii: Brennan & Reed 1974: 710, figs. 4, 19; Loomis & Wrenn 1984: 158; Jacinavicius et al. 2018: 9. Diagnosis. SIF = 7BS-N-2-3111.1000; fsp = 7.7.7; fCx = 1.1.1; fSt = 2.2; fPp = B/N/NNN; fSc: PL> AM> AL; Ip = 934–1001; fD = 2H-6-6-4-2-2(2-4-2); DS = 20–22; V = 12–14; NDV = 34. Inner prong of palpal claw twice as short as outer prong and located medially on the latter; scutal and dorsal idiosomal setae thin, sparsely covered with small barbs; scutum nearly trapezoidal, with small dense puncta and transverse striae; sensilla (trichobothria) with ca. 8 branches in distal two thirds; sensillary bases far anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 10–15 µm); leg coxae with longitudinal striae. Standard measurements of examined specimens given in Table 5. Note. P-values for estimation of differences between Eutrombicula species are given by the Mann-Whitney test. Redescription (larva) (based on 7 specimens). IDIOSOMA (Figs. 10, 11A–E). Eyes 2 + 2; 20–22 dorsal idiosomal setae, including one pair of humeral setae, sparsely covered with small barbs, by 6 setae in 1 st and 2 nd (D) posthumeral rows, 4 setae in 3 rd (E) row, by 2 setae in 4 th (F) and 5 th (H) rows (setae in last 3 rows can be also counted as 2-4-2); 4 sternal setae; 12–14 ventral setae; NDV = 34. GNATHOSOMA (Fig. 11F, G). Cheliceral blade with tricuspid cap; cheliceral base with small dense puncta basally and more sparse puncta in distal part; gnathobase with small dense puncta, transverse striae, and 1 pair of branched gnathocoxal (tritorostral) setae; galeal (deutorostral) seta nude; palpal claw with 2 prongs, inner prong twice as short as outer prong and located medially on the latter; palpal femur with numerous puncta and branched seta; palpal genu with puncta and nude seta; palpal tibia with three nude setae; palpal tarsus with 7 branched setae, nude subterminala (ζ) and basal tarsala (ω). SCUTUM (Figs. 10C, 11A). Nearly trapezoidal, densely covered with small puncta, with transverse striae, without anterolateral shoulders, anterior scutal margin almost straight, lateral margins slightly concave, posterior margin almost straight in middle part and obliquely cut at edges; AM at level of AL, sensillary (trichobothrial) bases far anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 10–15 µm); all scutal setae uniform with dorsal idiosomal setae; PL> AM> AL; flagelliform sensilla (trichobothria), with ca. 8 branches in distal half. LEGS (Fig. 12). All 7-segmented, with 1 pair of claws and claw-like empodium. Leg I: coxa with 1 branched seta (1B); trochanter 1B; basifemur 1B; telofemur 5B; genu 4B, 3 genualae (σ), microgenuala (κ); tibia 8B, 2 tibialae (φ), microtibiala (κ); tarsus 22B, tarsala (ω), microtarsala (ε) distal to tarsala, subterminala (ζ), parasubterminala (z), pretarsala (ζ). Leg II: coxa 1B; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 4B; genu 3B, genuala; tibia 6B, 2 tibialae (φ); tarsus 16B, tarsala (ω), microtarsala (ε) proximal to tarsala, pretarsala (ζ). Leg III: coxa 1B; trochanter 1B; basifemur 2B; telofemur 3B; genu 3B, genuala; tibia 6B, tibiala; tarsus 14B, mastitarsala. Distribution. Brazil, Bolivia, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominica, Panama, Surinam, Trinidad, Venezuela (Jacinavicius et al. 2018; Bassini-Silva et al. 2021), and Peru (this study). Hosts. Various species of mammals and birds, three species of lizards and one snake (Bassini-Silva et al. 2021). Material examined. Total 29 larvae (interval of numbers: ZIN 8821–8894) ex Leptotila rufaxilla Nos IQ 20, IQ33, IQ37, PERU: Iquitos, National Reserve Allpahuayo Mishana, 15–16 August 2011.Published as part of Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., Capek, Miroslav & Literák, Ivan, 2022, New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics, pp. 501-552 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 518-521, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/659805

Parasecia fundata

Parasecia fundata (Brennan, 1969) (Fig. 19) Fonsecia (Parasecia) fundata Brennan, 1969: 664, fig. 3. Parasecia fundata: Goff 1992b: 967; Stekolnikov et al. 2007: 66; Bassini-Silva et al. 2020: 160, figs. 7, 8. Diagnosis. SIF = 7BS-N-3-3111.0000; fsp = 7.7.7; fCx = 1.1.1; fSt = 2.2; fPp = B/B/NNB(f); fSc: PL> AM> AL; Ip = 578–675; fD = 2H-6-6-2(4)-(2–6)-(2–4); DS = 22–26; V = 17–20; NDV = 39–46. Scutum nearly trapezoidal, with anterolateral shoulders and with few puncta; sensilla with ca. 8–12 branches in distal half; sensillary bases slightly anterior to level of PL (PSB—P-PL = 4–6 µm). Standard measurements of one examined specimen from Peru (ZIN 8873) and two from Costa Rica (ZIN 7069 and ZIN 7083) given in Table 8. Distribution. Brazil, Costa Rica (Stekolnikov et al. 2007), and Peru (this study). Hosts. Mammalia: Caluromys philander (L.), Didelphis marsupialis L. (Didelphimorphia: Didelphidae), Proechimys guyannensis (É. Geoffroy) (Rodentia: Echimyidae); Aves: Glyphorynchus spirurus, Xiphorhynchus susurrans (Jardine) (Passeriformes: Furnariidae), Melanerpes pucherani (Malherbe) (Piciformes: Picidae) (Stekolnikov et al. 2007). New host record: Dendrocincla fuliginosa. Localization on hosts. Ear (D. fuliginosa No IQ 9). Material examined. One larva (ZIN 8859) ex. D. fuliginosa No IQ 9 and 1 larva (ZIN 8873) ex G. spirurus No IQ 32, PERU: Iquitos, National Reserve Allpahuayo Mishana, 15 and 16 August 2011; 2 larvae (ZIN 7069, 7083) ex G. spirurus Nos B 57 and HC321, COSTA RICA: Barbilla National Park, 1 July 2004 (Stekolnikov et al. 2007). Remarks. The ventral palpal tibial seta is branched or forked in our material that is in accordance with the original description, but Bassini-Silva et al. (2020) drew and described this seta as nude. Probably, this character is variable in P. fundata. Brennan (1969) also designated the state of lateral palpal tibial seta as Nb, i.e. nude or having one small cilium, whereas Bassini-Silva et al. (2020) stated that this seta (erroneously designated as “lateral seta of the palptarsus” in the text) is nude in the type series. Thus, P. fundata cannot be reliably discriminated by the setation of palps from Parasecia manueli (Brennan and Jones, 1960). The latter usually has fPp = B/B/NNN, but the ventral palpal tibial setae can be forked or branched (Brennan & Jones 1960; Daniel & Stekolnikov 2003a). In their key to species, Bassini-Silva et al. (2020) discriminated P. fundata and P. manueli by the number of setae in 3 rd posthumeral row (E) (6 setae in P. fundata vs. 2 setae in P. manueli) and by NDV or “total opisthosomal setae” (48–54 in P. fundata vs. 38 in P. manueli). However, according to our data, the number of setae in 3 rd row can be 2 or 4 both in P. fundata (our material from Costa Rica and Peru) and P. manueli from Cuba (Daniel & Stekolnikov 2003a). Note also that according to the original description of P. manueli, arrangement of dorsal idiosomal setae is variable in this species and 3 rd row includes 4 or 6 setae (Brennan & Jones 1960). Our samples of P. fundata and P. manueli also do not differ by NDV (Table 8). In fact, the characters allowing a precise discrimination of these two species are measurements. Parasecia fundata has definitely smaller scutum (AW–SD and AP in Table 8), shorter setae (AM–V max in Table 8), shorter and thinner legs (pa–TaIIIW in Table 8) than P. manueli. Unfortunately, the cited revision of the genus Parasecia (Bassini-Silva et al. 2020) includes measurements for only one new species that significantly lowers usefulness of this work.Published as part of Stekolnikov, Alexandr A., Capek, Miroslav & Literák, Ivan, 2022, New species and records of chiggers (Acariformes: Trombiculidae) from birds of the Neotropics, pp. 501-552 in Zootaxa 5141 (6) on pages 529-530, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.6.1, http://zenodo.org/record/659805