Multi-hop relaying using energy harvesting

In this letter, the performance of multi-hop relaying using energy harvesting is evaluated. Both amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward relaying protocols are considered. The evaluation is conducted for time-switching energy harvesting as well as power-splitting energy harvesting. The largest number of hops given an initial amount of energy from the source node is calculated. Numerical results show that, in order to extend the network coverage using multi-hop relaying, time-switching is a better option than power splitting and in some cases, decode-and-forward also supports more hops than amplify-and-forward

Tris(tetra­methyl­ammonium) tetra-μ2-sulfido-tetra­sulfidocopper(I)dimolyb­denum(VI) N,N-dimethyl­formamide solvate

The title compound, (C4H12N)3[CuMo2S8]·C3H7NO, was obtained from the self-assembly of tetra­thio­molybdate, tetra­methyl­ammonium nitrate and cuprous sulfide in dimethyl­formamide (DMF). The asymmetric unit contains three (NMe4)+ cations, one [Mo2S8Cu]3− anion and one DMF solvent mol­ecule, and no obvious inter­actions are observed between these species. The trinuclear anion can be viewed as fused [MoS4Cu]− units sharing a copper center. The geometric parameters of the trivalent anion are comparable to those reported for other related salts including isomorphous anions, namely (NEt4)2(PPh4)[Mo2S8Cu] (a) and (Ph3P=N=PPh3)2(NEt4)[W2S8Cu]·2CH3CN (b). However, the Mo—Cu—Mo angle is found to be 160.24 (3)° for the title salt, while this angle is 162.97 (2)° in (a) and the W—Cu—W angle is 170.3 (2)° in (b), indicating that the largest deviation from linearity is in the title compound

ANALYSIS OF TIMING SKILL OF DROP EXERCISE IN ELITE INDOOR TUG OF WAR ATHLETES

In order to describe the timing skill of the elite athletes of indoor Tug of War, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between peak force time (PT) differences and the peak force (PF) exerted by two pullers. The team holding the gold medal record for the World Indoor TOW Championships 2004 participated in this study (N=22). Also eight novice male students participated. Our data revealed that the sum of individual PF in two pullers was 305.9±41.4kgw and PF exerted by the two pullers was 286.3±38.8kgw, which was 93.6% of the sum PF in skilled pullers. There was approximately 6% loss of PF in skilled pair. A correlation coefficient of .926 and a regression equation in the form of Y=64.193X+2.454 (

Multi-Hop Relaying Using Energy Harvesting

In this letter, the performance of multi-hop relaying using energy harvesting is evaluated. Both amplify-and-forward and decode-and-forward relaying protocols are considered. The evaluation is conducted for time-switching energy harvesting as well as power-splitting energy harvesting. The largest number of hops given an initial amount of energy from the source node is calculated. Numerical results show that, in order to extend the network coverage using multi-hop relaying, time-switching is a better option than power splitting and in some cases, decode-and-forward also supports more hops than amplify-and-forward

PREDICTION ON METER FACTOR OF THE TURBINE FLOW METER WITH UNSTEADY NUMERICAL SIMULATION

ABSTRACT The turbine flow meter is widely used in the flow rate measuring for its high accuracy and good repeatability. The flow rate will be calculated based on its meter factor, which is the most important factor of the turbine flow meter. The meter factor means pulses or revolution of the impeller per unit volume, and it can only be got from the calibration experiment. At the given flow rate, the driving torque on the impeller is equal to the drag torque, as many paper have pointed out. Based on the torque balancing equations, unsteady numerical simulation is carried out with RNG turbulence model and UDFs (User Defined Functions) in Fluent Code. The meter factor under different flow rate is calculated with the unsteady simulation. The prediction results based on the numerical simulation showed the same trends as the calibration experiment. At the most flow rate, the meter factor keeps constant, but at the lower flow rate, the meter factor higher than the constant. Because of neglecting the bearing friction drag in the process, the meter factor by numerical simulation is larger than experimen

Host preference of Thrips hawaiiensis for different ornamental plants

AbstractThrips hawaiiensis is a common thrips pest that damages the flowers of various plants. The differing population sizes of T. hawaiiensis among host plants suggest its preference and performance vary among host plants. In this study, the host fitness of T. hawaiiensis for different flowers was assessed through field investigation. The behavioral responses of T. hawaiiensis to the color and volatiles of flowers eliciting different apparent fitness levels and their development and survival on the plants were also studied. Adults and larvae of T. hawaiiensis were found in the flowers of 21 species, which were classified into four fitness levels for this thrips species. T. hawaiiensis showed significantly different visual responses to the color and olfactory responses to the volatiles of four tested flowers (each representing one of the four fitness levels), with the rankings of visual preferences for Dianthus caryophyllus > Tulipa gesneriana > Hydrangea macrophylla > Rosa rugosa, and olfactory preferences for H. macrophylla ≥ T. gesneriana > D. caryophyllus > R. rugosa. Plant species had significant influences on the development and survival of T. hawaiiensis, with developmental times from egg to adult of 9.58 d, 9.92 d, 10.35 d and 10.75 d on H. macrophylla, T. gesneriana, D. caryophyllus and R. rugosa, respectively, and corresponding survival rates of 76.33%, 71.33%, 64.00% and 59.00%. In summary, this study shows that olfactory preferences were consistent with the field performance of T. hawaiiensis on the four flower plants tested. Further, fitness levels of host plant flowers are correlated with development rate and survivorship of T. hawaiiensis. Our study adds to the understanding of the mechanism of host selection by thrips and provides basic information to underpin the management of T. hawaiiensis on horticultural plants