PO-256 Influences of Exercise on Circulating Irisin in Overweight or Obese Individuals: a system review

Objective Irisin is a newly identified myokine, which is mainly secreted by skeleton muscle, adipose and cerebellar. It is shown to be related to some physiology process. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of exercise on circulating irisin concentrations in overweight or obese individuals Methods Searches were performed on nine online electronic databases including PubMed, EMbase, The Cochrane Library, web of science, Ebsco, CNKI, VIP, CBM and Wan-Fang Data databases. The search items were irisin, fibronectin type Ⅲ domain-containing protein 5, FNDC5, exercise, training, physical activity, obesity, overweight, obese, body mass index, BMI, adiposity and fat. Randomized controlled trials (RCT) or clinical controlled trials about the effect of exercise on circulating irisin concentrations in overweight or obese individuals in English or Chinese were eligible for the study. The trials compare exercise intervention with no intervention, or combined interventions of exercise and other with other intervention(s), and the exercise intervention is not one acute time. Besides, the trial objects belong to overweight or obese regardless of the judgement’s indicator. According to the criteria, the data extracted by two research independently. If there was disagreement, discussion between all the authors were used to settle. The risk of bias among the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Collaboration Risk-of-Bias tool, which consists of seven domains and each one was judged to ‘unclear risk’ ‘low risk’, or ‘high risk’ following the recommendations detailed of the Cochrane handbook. Lastly an analysis about the final studies was done.  Results The search identified a total of 855 possible articles. Of those, 364 were removed as duplicates, and the remaining 491 were screened for the titles and abstracts. The full-texts of 56 trials were retrieved to assess for eligibility. After the evaluation, four articles of RCTs were retained for the final system review from the year of 2015 to 2017, producing 6 study estimates. The assessments class of methods quantality of them are A. All the research subjects are more than 18 years old, and in one study subjects are men, men and women in two, women in three. The types of exercise intervention are dissimilar, such as strengthen or endurance exercise (including high intensity interval training, HIIT). In the duration of exercise, three studies are 8 weeks, and two for 12 weeks, one for 24 weeks. In circulating irisin, the detection methods of all is enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and three are in plasm, three in serum. Furthermore, the concentration unit in five studies is ng/ml, and one is µg/ml. Bonefate suggests that aerobic exercise with the frequency of 3 times per week for 24 week maintains plasma FNDC5/irisin of middle-age obese men, same as 8 weeks aerobic exercise for overweight/obese adults by Kim, but three is an opposite result from Wu, which proved that aerobic exercise of twelve weeks ascends serum irisin of young obese women. HIIT of eight or twelve weeks ascends serum irisin in sedentary obese women or young obese women according to Tofighi or Wu suggestion. Moreover, resistance exercise of 8 weeks significantly increases plasma irisin of overweight/obese adults From Kim’s study. Conclusions The study about effect of exercise on circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals is not sufficient to come to a positive result, although the quality assessments of current evidences are high. Basing on the available literatures, exercise can maintain or improve circulating irisin levels in overweight or obese individuals. The effect needs to be illustrated by further RCTs with large sample size. &nbsp

Genetic Regulation of N6-Methyladenosine-RNA in Mammalian Gametogenesis and Embryonic Development

Emerging evidence shows that m(6)A is the most abundant modification in eukaryotic RNA molecules. It has only recently been found that this epigenetic modification plays an important role in many physiological and pathological processes, such as cell fate commitment, immune response, obesity, tumorigenesis, and relevant for the present review, gametogenesis. Notably the RNA metabolism process mediated by m(6)A is controlled and regulated by a series of proteins termed writers, readers and erasers that are highly expressed in germ cells and somatic cells of gonads. Here, we review and discuss the expression and the functional emerging roles of m(6)A in gametogenesis and early embryogenesis of mammals. Besides updated references about such new topics, readers might find in the present work inspiration and clues to elucidate epigenetic molecular mechanisms of reproductive dysfunction and perspectives for future research

Growth inhibition of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells on the feeders from domestic animals

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) can be propagated in vitro on the feeders of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. In this study, we found growth inhibition of mESCs cultured on embryonic fibroblast feeders derived from different livestock animals. Under the same condition, mESCs derived from mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders were seen on the mass-like colonies and round or oval images, and more significant growth in the total number of colonies (p<0.05) and viable cells in the colonies (p<0.01) than that from goat embryonic fibroblast feeders, and viable cells in the colonies (p<0.05) than that from porcine embryonic fibroblast feeders. The feeders from bovine embryonic fibroblasts also reduced viable cells in the colonies, but were not significantly different in the total number of colonies and viable cells in the colonies with mouse embryonic fibroblast feeders. mESCs on the different embryonic fibroblast feeders were expressed as stem cell-specific markers Oct 4 and stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA 1). Here, our results indicate that the feeders from goat, porcine and bovine embryonic fibroblasts inhibit the proliferation of mESCs.Key words: Domestic animals, feeders, mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs), growth

Characterization of Bovine Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Lentiviral Transduction of Reprogramming Factor Fusion Proteins

Pluripotent stem cells from domesticated animals have potential applications in transgenic breeding. Here, we describe induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells derived from bovine fetal fibroblasts by lentiviral transduction of Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc defined-factor fusion proteins. Bovine iPS cells showed typical colony morphology, normal karyotypes, stained positively for alkaline phosphatase (AP) and expressed Oct4, Nanog and SSEA1. The CpG in the promoter regions of Oct4 and Nanog were highly unmethylated in bovine iPS cells compared to the fibroblasts. The cells were able to differentiate into cell types of all three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. In addition, these cells were induced into female germ cells under defined culture conditions and expressed early and late female germ cell-specific genes Vasa, Dazl, Gdf9, Nobox, Zp2, and Zp3. Our data suggest that bovine iPS cells were generated from bovine fetal fibroblasts with defined-factor fusion proteins mediated by lentivirus and have potential applications in bovine transgenic breeding and gene-modified animals

Screening and evaluating of long noncoding RNAs in the puberty of goats

GO analysis of predicted targets of lncRNAs in trans. (XLS 1551 kb

Multi-Omics Analysis of the Mechanism of Mentha Haplocalyx Briq on the Growth and Metabolic Regulation of Fattening Sheep

Mentha haplocalyx Briq (MHB) and its components have been proven to improve the growth performance of livestock and poultry. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the effects of MHB addition on growth performance, rumen and fecal microbiota, rumen fluid, serum and urine metabolism, and transcriptomics of rumen epithelial cells in meat sheep. Twelve Hu sheep were selected for the experiment and fed with basic diet (CON) and a basal diet supplemented with 80 g/kg DM of Mentha haplocalyx Briq (MHB). The experimental period was 10 weeks with the first 2 weeks as the pre-trial period. The results showed that compared with the CON group, the average daily weight gain of meat sheep in the MHB group increased by 20.1%; the total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration significantly increased (p p p p p p p p p p < 0.05), which had a significant impact on protein synthesis and energy metabolism. The transcriptome sequencing results showed that differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in immune regulation, energy metabolism, and protein modification. Therefore, adding MHB improved the growth performance of lambs by altering rumen and intestinal microbiota, rumen, serum and urine metabolomics, and transcriptome

Effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin on the in vitro growth of foetal fibroblast cells and early development of porcine-cloned embryos

This study was designed to explore the effects of histone deacetylase inhibitor romidepsin (FK228) treatment on the morphology, proliferation and karyotype of porcine foetal fibroblast cells and early developmental competence of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos. We found that the treatment of foetal fibroblast cells with 0.1μM FK228 for 24 h did not alter normal morphology, proliferation rate and chromosome number of donor cells, while other treatments with different does and durations altered the above characteristics of donor cells seriously. Simultaneously, fusion rate, blastocyst rate and total cell number per SCNT blastocysts from different donor cell treatment groups were similar to the control group. We further found that the treatment of SCNT embryos with low-dose FK228 did not affect their developmental efficiency, but treatment with high dose dramatically caused blastocyst formation failure. In addition, 0.1μM FK228 treatment for 36 h significantly elevated total cell number per SCNT blastocysts. Finally, combined treatments of both donor cells and embryos significantly improved the cleavage rate of cloned embryos, but did not affect the blastocyst rate and total cell number. Taken together, histone deacetylase inhibitor FK228 with optimal dose and exposure duration can enhance early developmental efficiency of porcine SCNT embryos and blastocyst quality

Functional role of Forskolin and PD166285 in the development of denuded mouse oocytes

Objective cAMP and mature promoting factor (MPF) play critical roles during the maturation of mammalian oocytes. The aim of this study was to produce the offspring from denuded oocytes (DOs) in mice by regulating cAMP and MPF. Methods In this study, we used DOs at the germinal vesicle (GV) stage in mice and regulated levels of cAMP and MPF in DOs by adding Forskolin and PD166285 during in vitro maturation without follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, respectively. Results Combined use of 50 μM Forskolin for 3 h and 2.5 μM PD166285 for additional 21 h enhanced the developmental competence of DOs, maturation rate of DOs was 76.71%± 4.11%, blastocyst rate was 18.33%±4.44% after parthenogenetic activation (PA). The DOs could successfully be fertilized with sperm in vitro, cleavage rate was 17.02%±5.82% and blastocyst rate was 5.65%±3.10%. Besides, 2-cell in vitro fertilization embryos from DOs produced 4 normal live offspring (4/34). Conclusion The results confirmed that the combination of Forskolin and PD166285 can induce DOs to complete meiosis process and produce normal offspring