Fast community structure local uncovering by independent vertex-centred process

This paper addresses the task of community detection and proposes a local approach based on a distributed list building, where each vertex broadcasts basic information that only depends on its degree and that of its neighbours. A decentralised external process then unveils the community structure. The relevance of the proposed method is experimentally shown on both artificial and real data.Comment: 2015 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining, Aug 2015, Paris, France. Proceedings of the 2015 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Minin

Influence of Travelling Speed on the Risk of Injury Accident: a Matched Case-Control Study

This matched case-control study deals with the effect of the individual travelling speed on the risk of involvement in a road accident. The cases were cars involved in injury accidents dealt with within the framework of an in-depth accident investigation programme. The matched controls were cars passing the same road site as the crash-involved car, in the same conditions but without being involved in an accident. Only normal weather, daytime and free-flow conditions were considered. Overall, 52 cases and 817 controls were used. The speeds were obtained from kinematic reconstructions for the crash-involved cars, and using a laser speed gun for the controls. A significant positive relationship is found between the individual travelling speed and the risk of injury accident. Nevertheless, this study has limitations, due to the relatively small number of cases and to the data used (kinematic reconstructions always involve some degree of interpretation)

Influence de la vitesse de déplacement sur le risque d'accident corporel : une étude cas-témoins

For an English abstract, the reader is invited to refer to the original paper published in English by the same authors in the journal Periodica Polytechnica - Transportation Engineering 43(3), 129-137 (www.pp.bme.hu/tr/article/view/7520).Cette étude cas-témoins avec appariement traite de l'effet de la vitesse individuelle de déplacement sur le risque d'implication dans un accident de la route. Les cas sont des voitures impliquées dans des accidents corporels traités dans le cadre d'un programme d'étude détaillée d'accidents. Les témoins appariés sont des voitures franchissant le même site routier que la voiture impliquée dans l'accident, dans les mêmes conditions mais sans être impliquées dans un accident. Seules des conditions de météorologie normale, de jour, et de trafic fluide ont été retenues. En tout, 52 cas et 817 témoins ont été utilisés. Les vitesses ont été obtenues à partir de reconstructions cinématiques pour les voitures impliquées dans les accidents, et en utilisant un pistolet radar pour les voitures témoins. Les résultats mettent en évidence une relation positive significative entre la vitesse individuelle de déplacement et le risque d'accident corporel. Cette recherche a cependant certaines limites, liées au nombre relativement faible de cas et aux données utilisées (les reconstructions cinématiques impliquent toujours une part d'interprétation). Ce texte est une version française de l'article 'Influence of travelling speed on the risk of injury accident: a matched case-control study', publié en 2015 par les mêmes auteurs dans Periodica Polytechnica - Transportation Engineering (vol. 43, no 3, p. 129-137) sous licence Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY), et accessible à l'adresse : www.pp.bme.hu/tr/article/view/7520

Characteristics of road traffic accidents involving powered two-wheelers in Europe and Australia - results from PIONEERS

28th Annual Congress EVU, Barcelone, ESPAGNE, 24-/10/2019 - 26/10/2019Comprehensive literature review has been performed related to analyses of road traffic accidents involving powered two-wheelers. It became obvious that many projects, in particular European research projects by the EU, studies from French and Italian research institutes and from Australia have been working on this topic; however, results can hardly be compared since the definitions of many variables fluctuates, different injury coding are used and all analysed in-depth accident datasets are based on greatly differing inclusion criteria. The PIONEERS project took this burden and established definitions for relevant Accident Scenarios and Body Regions which may form a new common understanding and will accelerate harmonization processes in this research field. Furthermore, several datasets from Europe and Australia (Compilation of macrostatistical European accident data as well as data from national statistics and in-depth accident investigations) of latest years have been analysed to provide a current understanding of the accident occurrence of powered two-wheelers

Suboptimal performance of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of myocardial viability at the early phase of an acute coronary syndrome: Usefulness of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging

International audienceno abstrac

Deliverable D.6.2 Safety and Economic Benefits - Project PIONEERS - Protective Innovations of New Equipment for Enhanced Rider Safety

The main goal of the PIONEERS project is to improve the safety of Powered-Two-Wheelers by providing an integrated approach to rider protection considering on-rider (Personal Protective Equipment) and on-board systems. The implementation of the PIONEERS' main results will contribute to reducing PTW fatalities and injuries by defining test methods to develop protective systems and on-board systems to reduce impact severity. In order to assess if this major conclusion of the PIONEERS project is being fulfilled and to quantify the benefit, an Impact Evaluation has been developed in this document. This evaluation concerns both economical and safety benefits (in terms of avoided or mitigated accidents, reduction of morbidity and severity of injuries) of the following proposed PTW safety countermeasures that have been developed in PIONEERS: PreCrash Braking System, Airbag jacket and the PTW-PPE communication system, Motorcycle and scooter leg protector. Concerning the PCB, the evaluation was obtained via computer simulations of a set of 60 real-world in-depth crashes. The effects were assessed in terms of a reduction of the absolute and relative impact speed of the PTW. A parametric approach in which PCB intervention parameters were varied (field of view, range, deceleration, fade-in jerk, triggering strategy...) was adopted to compute the effects of the system for different conditions. Such approach led to the identification of three combinations of parameters to represent typical system effects assuming a pessimistic (low efficiency), average, and an optimistic approach (high efficiency). Depending on the set of parameters, benefits in terms of speed reduction can go until a median value of 15km/h. Then societal benefits have been calculated in terms of casualties' reduction or crashes using Injury Risk Function and the new relative impact speed distribution. Results show that global benefits for slight, serious or fatal injuries are included between -4% to -31%. Finally, economic benefits in terms of cost were evaluated using the SafetyCube software. Several configurations were considered like the implementation rate of PCB among all motorcycles in Europe, the cost to promote such systems, the horizon, etc. In a 5 years period, this cost will be balanced by savings from health and social expenses, and in a high rate of implementation (with the average evaluation) Europe could save, at least, 30 human lives in this period. With an optimistic configuration, the net value of the benefits could reached between approximately 500k€ until more than 90 M€. Concerning the Airbag jackets, the societal benefits calculation was first based on the establishment of Injury Risk Function for slight, serious and fatal injuries on the trunk without the airbag. In order to establish these IRF, four accident databases were considered and 382 accidents concerned a rider with at least one injury in trunk body region. Then, according to the work performed in others WP's of the Pioneers project, three hypotheses have been considered for the level of protection and the reduction of injuries. They considered that the airbag jacket provides a reduction of an AIS-1 for speed impact lower than 20km/h, respectively 30km/h and 40km/h. Results of the societal evaluation show that between 1,3% until 19% of injuries could be avoided in function of the configuration. From an economical point of view, with a high implementation rate (6%) in the next 5 years, a net value of more than 140M€ could be saved. Concerning the Lateral Protectors, Injury Risk Function of the Lower Leg in lateral impact configuration were first established based on 81 accidents. Then, based on the findings from the lateral protection devices that have been developed in the PIONEERS project (in particular WP3), two hypotheses have been retained for the level of protection of such systems: one considered as a « low-speed » countermeasure (only effective until 15km/h) and one considered as « medium-speed » countermeasure (only effective between 15 to 30km/h). Global societal and economic benefits have been observed but results have to be taken very cautiously. Indeed, the economic evaluation show that an amount of more than 5M€ for the net benefits could be saved with the best configuration. But it is important to remind that these systems are not still available in the market, so these evaluations have to be considered as a theoretical exercise. In conclusion, this work allowed to evaluate safety and economic benefits of several protective systems: Pre-Crash Braking, airbag jackets, Lateral protectors. But because some of these systems are prototypes and not yet on the market, all the evaluations have to be taken very carefully. In particular, results from societal and economical evaluations are sensible and have to be considered cautiously. Beyond these specific evaluations, theroretical methodologies have been defined and could be applied on other systems

Livrable D1.1 - Powered Two-Wheelers - Road Traffic Accident Scenarios and Common Injuries - Project PIONEERS - Protective Innovations of New Equipment for Enhanced Rider Safety

Comprehensive literature review has been performed related to analyses of road traffic accidents involving powered two-wheelers (PTW). It became obvious that many projects, in particular European research projects, studies from French and Italian research institutes and from Australia have been working on this topic; however, results can hardly be compared since the definitions of many variables vary, different injury coding are used and all analysed in-depth accident datasets are based on greatly differing inclusion criteria. The PIONEERS project took this burden and established definitions for relevant Accident Scenarios and body regions which may form a new common understanding and will accelerate harmonization processes in this research field. Furthermore, several datasets from Europe and Australia (Compilation of macrostatistical European accident data as well as data from national statistics and in-depth accident investigations) of latest years have been analysed to provide a current understanding of the accident occurrence of powered two-wheelers

Prospective diagnostic performance of semiconductor SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging: wall thickening analysis reduces the need for an additional prone acquisition

International audiencePURPOSE:To determine whether the assessment of regional wall thickening (WT) in addition to myocardial perfusion from stress supine acquisitions could compensate for the lack of prone acquisition and the corresponding decrease in the diagnostic performance of SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease (CAD).METHODS:The study group comprised 41 patients (123 vessels) with known or suspected CAD prospectively recruited for systematic prone and supine 201Tl stress SPECT MPI. The diagnostic performance of SPECT MPI was determined for various image sets including nongated supine images (supine NG), nongated combined prone and supine images (prone and supine NG) and gated supine images, allowing WT evaluation from NG images in addition to perfusion (supine NG + WT) using invasive coronary angiography and fractional flow reserve as the gold standards.RESULTS:The rate of false positives was significantly higher among the supine NG images (20.8%) than among either the prone and supine NG or the supine NG + WT images (3.3% and 2.7%, respectively, P < 0.05 vs. supine NG). Consequently, specificity was higher for the prone and supine NG images than for the supine NG images (96.1% vs. 76.1%, P < 0.01) and was highest for the supine NG + WT images (96.8%, P not significant vs. prone and supine NG), without significant differences in sensitivity (80.0%, 86.6% and 73.3%, respectively, P not significant for all comparisons).CONCLUSION:The diagnostic performance of supine stress SPECT MPI is improved when WT assessment of ischaemic segments is used as an additional diagnostic criterion to values not significantly different from those with combined prone and supine acquisitions