Cuantificación porcentual de los daños existentes en los revestimientos interiores de las viviendas españolas

Internal coatings are among those construction units which experience the most interaction with users, given their proximity to them. This research focuses on determining the most usual damages in tiling, cement renders, plasters, suspended ceilings and indoor flooring from all of Spain, as per the requirements indicated by the users. In addition, the causes of these deficiencies are also found, as well as their percentage according to the type of construction they are found in (flats or houses). From the data used, the most typical groups of damages are indicated, as well as a procedure to determine the probability of future damages, according to a weighted matrix classifying the correspondence between 4 descriptors. The knowledge of these results will assist technicians to minimise damages in these types of construction units.Los revestimientos interiores son de las unidades constructivas que más interrelación tienen con los usuarios, dada su cercanía de uso con éstos. Esta investigación se centra en la determinación de los daños más usuales en los alicatados, enfoscados, guarnecidos, falsos techos y solados interiores, obtenidos en el conjunto de España a partir de los requerimientos presentados por los usuarios. Se determinan también cuáles son los orígenes que motivan estas deficiencias, así como la presencia que tienen las mismas en función del formato constructivo en donde tienen lugar (viviendas en bloque o unifamiliares). A partir de los datos manejados se presentan los grupos de daños más característicos, así como un procedimiento para determinar la probabilidad ante futuros requerimientos, en función de una matriz ponderada que clasifica la correspondencia entre los 4 descriptores manejados. El conocimiento de los resultados obtenidos ayudará a los técnicos a minimizar los daños en estas unidades constructivas

Modification and Optimization of Activated Carbons for Phenolic Compounds Removal

Phenols are generally considered to be one of the important organic pollutants discharged into the environment causing unpleasant taste and odour of drinking water. Development of inexpensive adsorbents from industrial wastes for the treatment of wastewaters is an important area in environmental sciences. For the phenolic compounds removal, it appears that the pH of the solution, the real surface area of the solid, and functional groups play a major role. The objective of this study was to screen various adsorbents for potential application for the removal of phenolic compounds for drinking water concentration range. The adsorbents used in this study were AC prepared from recycled PET and AC prepared from cork submitted to a reduction post treatment

Microporosity evaluation of active carbon from polish lignite by the use of ethanol

Microporous activated carbons prepared by KOH chemical activation or steam activation from lignite were characterised by adsorption of N2 at 77 K and CO2 at 298 K. Subsequently, the adsorption of ethanol was carried out and complemented by adsorption of benzene and cyclohexane. The isotherm analysis included application of the αs method using ethanol reference data obtained here by also studying non-porous carbon blacks. The work confirmed that ethanol is an experimentally convenient adsorptive to use and leads to results in overall agreement with those obtained using other probe molecules. Of particular interest was the observation that ethanol can gain access to the whole microporosity even in the case of samples containing constricted micropore entrances

Direct Nitrogen Enrichment of Activated Carbon Produced from Synthetic or Natural Precursor

The specific application of activated carbons (AC) as adsorbents for gases and vapours depends on the properties of pollutants to be removed, but the performance of the AC depends on various properties. If their porosity is the main parameter in gas adsorption, the chemical nature of their surface plays a significant role in liquid phase interactions and in their usefulness as catalyst support materials. Of particularly interest are the AC containing heteroatoms, such as oxygen, hydrogen, phosphorus, sulphur and nitrogen. Generally, the AC containing various nitrogen groups,present more basic character and increased adsorption of acidic agents is expected. These AC found widespread applications as adsorbents for hydrogen sulphide, sulphur dioxide, sulphur and carbon dioxide and as catalysts for selective oxidation of hydrogen sulphide

Light-induced rhythmic changes in thermotolerance in stationary-phase cells of Candida utilis

In synchronized light-dark cycles, stationary-phase cultures of the budding yeast Candida utilis were able to survive heat treatment at 50ºC with an apparent circadian-like rhythm related to the onset of light. However, in continuous darkness this pattern did not run freely and was markedly dampened. We discuss these findings in terms of the potential circadian control of heat tolerance, which has been described in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Our results suggest that the resistance pattern observed in C. utilis is most likely an adaptive response to the light-induced generation of reactive oxygen species rather than the occurrence of a truly endogenous circadian rhythm. [Int Microbiol 2006; 9(1):61-64

Modification and Optimization of Activated Carbons for Phenolic Compounds removals

Phenols are generally considered to be one of the important organic pollutants discharged into the environment causing unpleasant taste and odour of drinking water. Development of inexpensive adsorbents from industrial wastes for the treatment of wastewaters is an important area in environmental sciences. For the phenolic compounds removal, it appears that the pH of the solution, the real surface area of the solid, and functional groups play a major role. The objective of this study was to screen various adsorbents for potential application for the removal of phenolic compounds for drinking water concentration range. The adsorbents used in this study were AC prepared from recycled PET and AC prepared from cork submitted to a reduction post treatment

Preliminary results of UV measurements in the high-altitude station Formigal-Sarrios (Pyrenees)

Póster presentado en: WMO Technical Conference on Meteorological and Environmental Instruments and Methods of Observation celebrada del 8 al 11 de octubre de 2018 en Amsterdam

Activated Carbon Post Treatment - Influence on Phenolic Compounds Removal

● AC preparation from different precursors and their modification / optimisation with sodium hydroxide and urea to improve the adsorption capacities for phenolic compounds from the liquid phase. ● Comparative study of the influence of textural and chemical parameters of AC on the liquid phase adsorption

Modification and Optimization of Activated Carbons for Phenolic

Phenolic compounds are generally considered to be one of the important organic pollutants discharged into the environment causing unpleasant taste and odour of drinking water [1,2]. So, removal of phenolics compounds from industrial effluents is required before sewage disposal. The development of inexpensive adsorbents from industrial wastes for the treatment of wastewaters is an important area in environmental sciences. For the phenolic compounds removal, it appears that the pH of the solution, the real surface area of the solid and functional groups play a major role. Adsorption onto activated carbons (AC) is often considered, amongst the methods currently employed to remove inorganic and organic pollutants, from aqueous or gaseous phases, as the most efficient and one of the most economical. A detailed characterization of physical and chemical surface properties of an AC has become one of the most important issues in adsorption technology because it ascertain its suitability for one or more of the application fields

The influence of the activated carbon post-treatment on the phenolic

The aim of this research was to investigate how post treatment modification, such as those with sodium hydroxide or urea, can influence the capacity of activated carbon (AC) for phenolic compounds removal from liquid media. The ACs modification was performed using urea impregnation followed by pyrolysis at high temperature. With all ACs used, this treatment induced a pore volume increase, a mean pore size broadening, an increase in the point of zero charge and also in the basic character. The modification with sodium hydroxide brings to light the influence of the precursor nature as the achievements are really diverse. With the ACs obtained from PET, a pore volume and mean pore size reduction occurred, with the AC-cloth no textural effect was observed and with the AC obtained from cork, an enlargement of the mean pore size and an increase of the pore volume were confirmed. The difference in the acidic/basic character exhibited by the modified ACs was in agreement with the presence of acidic/basic superficial groups identified by FTIR. The textural and chemical properties of the ACs affect in a direct way the phenolic compounds removal capacity. Particularly, those modified with urea, which exhibited a superior removal capacity for both phenolic compounds