Supplements to a milk diet for dairy calves

The two factors probably responsible for the inability to raise calves on a ration of whole milk alone are the development of rickets and anemia. Tetanic convulsions in calves probably arise in association with rickets. None of the calves in the experiments reported in this bulletin developed tetany as they were protected against rickets by feeding cod-liver oil and bone meal. Blood pictures of the calves on a milk diet disclosed an anemic condition as measured by a reduced quantity of hemoglobin, a subnormal erythrocyte count and a lower specific gravity of the blood. The calves also became dyspneic, showed great weakness and lacked color around the tongue and muzzle. These conditions improved markedly upon feeding the roughages, alfalfa hay and straw. The blood also returned to normal. Feeding of alfalfa hay and grain for a period before feeding a diet of whole milk allowed storage of iron in sufficient quantities to prolong the time of apparent good health. Blood pictures at the end of the trial were subnormal even tho the animal appeared vigorous. When minimum amounts of milk were fed, supplemented with alfalfa flour, the calves retained the healthy appearance of hide and had no convulsions, which were displayed by calves in other experiments on a whole milk diet. The calves on the minimum milk-alfalfa flour diet were under-fed and many of them died of starvation. Calves on milk diets grew faster in skeletal development than normal and when allowed optional amounts of milk were above normal in weight. Calves are capable of consuming adequate quantities of liquid whole milk to maintain normal or better than normal growth curves

Feed Dairy Cows Liberally

With feed and butterfat prices as they are now, it pays a dairyman mighty well to feed grain liberally. As long as butterfat stays at near 50 cents a pound and the price of balanced grain feeds remains at near $35 a ton, a dairy farmer should feed grain liberally. It is patriotic as well as profitable in our food for freedom war effort

Length and floor construction of dairy stalls

One of the problems confronting the designer of a dairy barn is to determine the proper length of the stall platform. Cows vary considerably in length, and the stall length should vary to to meet the requirements of individual cows. Stalls that are too short make uncomfortable beds, force the cows to stand with one or both hind feet in the gutter and cause them, in reaching for hay in the manger, to carry manure to the stall floor. Long stalls are equally objectionable as the droppings fall on the platform rather than in the gutter. Adjustable stanchions are available but not in general use. Where installed, the tendency is to set adjustable stanchions at the time of installation and not change them as the occupants of the stall change. Even with adjustable stanchions it would seem desirable to make the stall length approximate the needs of the herd

Nonlinear forecasts of ?<i>o</i>F2: variation of model predictive accuracy over time

International audienceSpace weather effects can strongly influence high-frequency (HF) communications by changing the ionospheric environment through which the radio waves propagate. Since many systems utilize HF communications, the ability to make real-time assessments of propagation conditions is an important part of space weather monitoring systems. In this paper, we present new techniques for measuring high-latitude HF communications link parameters using data from SuperDARN radars. These techniques use ground-scatter returns to define the variation in skip distance with frequency. From these data, the maximum usable frequency (MUF) as a function of range is determined and ionospheric critical frequencies are estimated. These calculations are made in near-real-time and the results are made available on the World Wide Web. F-region critical frequencies calculated using this method show good agreement with ionosonde data

Why Do Cows Bloat?

Why do cows bloat on alfalfa or clover pastures but not on bluegrass? Is there something in clover or alfalfa and not in bluegrass or other grass pastures that causes bloat

Keys to Understanding and Addressing Consumer Perceptions and Concerns about Processed Foods

Some processed food products have been targeted lately as “evils” that are preventing us from maintaining healthy lives. From the perspective of the food industry community, it seems as if this is one of those issues that should fade away with time, since the benefits of food processing are very obvious to us. We have never been so wrong! The challenges in front of us are big, and we need to do a better job of communicating with consumers about the benefits food processing offers, including increasing the availability of high-quality foods year round. We also need to promote the work being done by food scientists to continually and efficiently respond to human food requirements globally. At the same time, we must recognize those elements in the food processing culture that need attention and that can be misinterpreted by consumers. As food scientists we need to learn about consumer perceptions of food technology and devise strategies that can be implemented to affect consumer perceptions positively

Lessons from the Play Observatory: re-imagining learning through film-making and transludic practices in children’s pandemic play

This article focuses on children’s play during the pandemic and how some young people responded with hybrid, playful media-making. The Play Observatory was an ESRC-funded project led by UCL and the University of Sheffield, inviting children to make contributions to a national collection of stories, texts and artefacts linked with their play during lockdown. The cultural material generated by children is an important post-pandemic legacy that allows us to argue for informal film-making as a legitimate literacy practice. Insights gained from children’s creative film and animation work inspire new approaches to learning with media described as transludic, in which the characteristics of playful and improvised media production processes are given time and space to unfold

Keys to Understanding and Addressing Consumer Perceptions and Concerns about Processed Foods

Some processed food products have been targeted lately as “evils” that are preventing us from maintaining healthy lives. From the perspective of the food industry community, it seems as if this is one of those issues that should fade away with time, since the benefits of food processing are very obvious to us. We have never been so wrong! The challenges in front of us are big, and we need to do a better job of communicating with consumers about the benefits food processing offers, including increasing the availability of high-quality foods year round. We also need to promote the work being done by food scientists to continually and efficiently respond to human food requirements globally. At the same time, we must recognize those elements in the food processing culture that need attention and that can be misinterpreted by consumers. As food scientists we need to learn about consumer perceptions of food technology and devise strategies that can be implemented to affect consumer perceptions positively