98 research outputs found
Oral Rehabilitation of Patients Sustaining Orofacial Injuries: The UPenn Initiative
Tissue injuries in the oral and maxillofacial structures secondary to trauma, warfare, ablative cancer, and benign tumor surgery result in significant losses of speech, masticatory and swallowing functions, aesthetic deformities, and overall psychological stressors and compromise. Optimal oral rehabilitation remains a formidable challenge and an unmet clinical need due to the influence of multiple factors related to the physiologic limitations of tissue repair, the lack of site and function-specific donor tissues and constructs, and an integrated team of multidisciplinary professionals. The advancements in stem cell biology, biomaterial science, and tissue engineering technologies, particularly the 3-dimensional bioprinting technology, together with digital imaging and computer-aided design and manufacturing technologies, have paved the path for personalized/precision regenerative medicine. At the University of Pennsylvania, we have launched the initiative to integrate multidisciplinary health professionals and translational/clinical scientists in medicine, dentistry, stem cell biology, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine to develop a comprehensive, patient-centered approach for precision and personalized reconstruction, as well as oral rehabilitation of patients sustaining orofacial tissue injuries and defects, especially oral cancer patients
Considerations in the evaluation and management of oral potentially malignant disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic
Aim: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in society experiencing unprecedented challenges for health care practitioners and facilities serving at the frontlines of this pandemic. With regard to oral cancer, there is a complete absence of literature regarding the long-term impact of pandemics on patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs). The objective of this article is to put forth an institutional multidisciplinary approach for the evaluation and management of OPMDs. Methods: A multidisciplinary approach was put formalized within our institution to risk stratify patients based on need for in-person assessment vs telehealth assessment during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: With judicious risk stratification of patients based on clinical features of their OPMD and with consideration of ongoing mitigation efforts and regional pandemic impact, providers are able to safely care for their patients. Conclusions: The COVID-19 pandemic has required health care practitioners to make novel decisions that are new to us with development of creative pathways of care that focused on patient safety, mitigation efforts, and clinical management of disease processes. The care of patients with OPMDs requires special considerations especially as patients at high risk for severe COVID-19 illness are also higher risk for the development of OPMDs. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
American Cancer Society/American Society of Clinical Oncology Breast Cancer Survivorship Care Guideline
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136493/1/caac21319_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136493/2/caac21319-sup-0001-suppinfo1.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/136493/3/caac21319.pd
On-orbit Operations and Offline Data Processing of CALET onboard the ISS
The CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), launched for installation on the
International Space Station (ISS) in August, 2015, has been accumulating
scientific data since October, 2015. CALET is intended to perform long-duration
observations of high-energy cosmic rays onboard the ISS. CALET directly
measures the cosmic-ray electron spectrum in the energy range of 1 GeV to 20
TeV with a 2% energy resolution above 30 GeV. In addition, the instrument can
measure the spectrum of gamma rays well into the TeV range, and the spectra of
protons and nuclei up to a PeV.
In order to operate the CALET onboard ISS, JAXA Ground Support Equipment
(JAXA-GSE) and the Waseda CALET Operations Center (WCOC) have been established.
Scientific operations using CALET are planned at WCOC, taking into account
orbital variations of geomagnetic rigidity cutoff. Scheduled command sequences
are used to control the CALET observation modes on orbit. Calibration data
acquisition by, for example, recording pedestal and penetrating particle
events, a low-energy electron trigger mode operating at high geomagnetic
latitude, a low-energy gamma-ray trigger mode operating at low geomagnetic
latitude, and an ultra heavy trigger mode, are scheduled around the ISS orbit
while maintaining maximum exposure to high-energy electrons and other
high-energy shower events by always having the high-energy trigger mode active.
The WCOC also prepares and distributes CALET flight data to collaborators in
Italy and the United States.
As of August 31, 2017, the total observation time is 689 days with a live
time fraction of the total time of approximately 84%. Nearly 450 million events
are collected with a high-energy (E>10 GeV) trigger. By combining all operation
modes with the excellent-quality on-orbit data collected thus far, it is
expected that a five-year observation period will provide a wealth of new and
interesting results.Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, published online 27 February 201
Search for GeV Gamma-ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET
We present results on searches for gamma-ray counterparts of the LIGO/Virgo
gravitational-wave events using CALorimetric Electron Telescope ({\sl CALET})
observations. The main instrument of {\sl CALET}, CALorimeter (CAL), observes
gamma-rays from GeV up to 10 TeV with a field of view of nearly 2 sr.
In addition, the {\sl CALET} gamma-ray burst monitor (CGBM) views 3 sr
and sr of the sky in the 7 keV -- 1 MeV and the 40 keV -- 20 MeV
bands, respectively, by using two different crystal scintillators. The {\sl
CALET} observations on the International Space Station started in October 2015,
and here we report analyses of events associated with the following
gravitational wave events: GW151226, GW170104, GW170608, GW170814 and GW170817.
Although only upper limits on gamma-ray emission are obtained, they correspond
to a luminosity of erg s in the GeV energy band
depending on the distance and the assumed time duration of each event, which is
approximately the order of luminosity of typical short gamma-ray bursts. This
implies there will be a favorable opportunity to detect high-energy gamma-ray
emission in further observations if additional gravitational wave events with
favorable geometry will occur within our field-of-view. We also show the
sensitivity of {\sl CALET} for gamma-ray transient events which is the order of
~erg\,cm\,s for an observation of 100~s duration.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. Accepted for publication in
Astrophysical Journa
Observation of Spectral Structures in the Flux of Cosmic-Ray Protons from 50Â GeV to 60Â TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
A precise measurement of the cosmic-ray proton spectrum with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) is presented in the energy interval from 50 GeV to 60 TeV, and the observation of a softening of the spectrum above 10 TeV is reported. The analysis is based on the data collected during âŒ6.2ââyears of smooth operations aboard the International Space Station and covers a broader energy range with respect to the previous proton flux measurement by CALET, with an increase of the available statistics by a factor of âŒ2.2. Above a few hundred GeV we confirm our previous observation of a progressive spectral hardening with a higher significance (more than 20 sigma). In the multi-TeV region we observe a second spectral feature with a softening around 10 TeV and a spectral index change from -2.6 to -2.9 consistently, within the errors, with the shape of the spectrum reported by DAMPE. We apply a simultaneous fit of the proton differential spectrum which well reproduces the gradual change of the spectral index encompassing the lower energy power-law regime and the two spectral features observed at higher energies
Direct Measurement of the Spectral Structure of Cosmic-Ray Electrons+Positrons in the TeV Region with CALET on the International Space Station
Detailed measurements of the spectral structure of cosmic-ray electrons and
positrons from 10.6 GeV to 7.5 TeV are presented from over 7 years of
observations with the CALorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET) on the
International Space Station. Because of the excellent energy resolution (a few
percent above 10 GeV) and the outstanding e/p separation (10), CALET
provides optimal performance for a detailed search of structures in the energy
spectrum. The analysis uses data up to the end of 2022, and the statistics of
observed electron candidates has increased more than 3 times since the last
publication in 2018. By adopting an updated boosted decision tree analysis, a
sufficient proton rejection power up to 7.5 TeV is achieved, with a residual
proton contamination less than 10%. The observed energy spectrum becomes
gradually harder in the lower energy region from around 30 GeV, consistently
with AMS-02, but from 300 to 600 GeV it is considerably softer than the spectra
measured by DAMPE and Fermi-LAT. At high energies, the spectrum presents a
sharp break around 1 TeV, with a spectral index change from -3.15 to -3.91, and
a broken power law fitting the data in the energy range from 30 GeV to 4.8 TeV
better than a single power law with 6.9 sigma significance, which is compatible
with the DAMPE results. The break is consistent with the expected effects of
radiation loss during the propagation from distant sources (except the highest
energy bin). We have fitted the spectrum with a model consistent with the
positron flux measured by AMS-02 below 1 TeV and interpreted the electron +
positron spectrum with possible contributions from pulsars and nearby sources.
Above 4.8 TeV, a possible contribution from known nearby supernova remnants,
including Vela, is addressed by an event-by-event analysis providing a higher
proton-rejection power than a purely statistical analysis.Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 10 pages, 8
figures, 1 tabl
Measurement of the Iron Spectrum in Cosmic Rays from 10 GeV to 2.0 TeV with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
The Calorimetric Electron Telescope (CALET), in operation on the
International Space Station since 2015, collected a large sample of cosmic-ray
iron over a wide energy interval. In this Letter a measurement of the iron
spectrum is presented in the range of kinetic energy per nucleon from 10
GeV to 2.0 TeV allowing the inclusion of iron in the list of elements
studied with unprecedented precision by space-borne instruments. The
measurement is based on observations carried out from January 2016 to May 2020.
The CALET instrument can identify individual nuclear species via a measurement
of their electric charge with a dynamic range extending far beyond iron (up to
atomic number = 40). The energy is measured by a homogeneous calorimeter
with a total equivalent thickness of 1.2 proton interaction lengths preceded by
a thin (3 radiation lengths) imaging section providing tracking and energy
sampling. The analysis of the data and the detailed assessment of systematic
uncertainties are described and results are compared with the findings of
previous experiments. The observed differential spectrum is consistent within
the errors with previous experiments. In the region from 50 GeV to 2
TeV our present data are compatible with a single power law with spectral
index -2.60 0.03.Comment: main text: 7 pages, 4 figures; supplemental material: 10 pages, 12
figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2012.1031
Charge-Sign Dependent Cosmic-Ray Modulation Observed with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope on the International Space Station
We present the observation of a charge-sign dependent solar modulation of galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) with the Calorimetric Electron Telescope onboard the International Space Station over 6 yr, corresponding to the positive polarity of the solar magnetic field. The observed variation of proton count rate is consistent with the neutron monitor count rate, validating our methods for determining the proton count rate. It is observed by the Calorimetric Electron Telescope that both GCR electron and proton count rates at the same average rigidity vary in anticorrelation with the tilt angle of the heliospheric current sheet, while the amplitude of the variation is significantly larger in the electron count rate than in the proton count rate. We show that this observed charge-sign dependence is reproduced by a numerical "drift model" of the GCR transport in the heliosphere. This is a clear signature of the drift effect on the long-term solar modulation observed with a single detector
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