La Alcalinidad Y La Nitrificación En Una Laguna Aireada A Escala Piloto

It was studied the relationship among means alkalinity concentration as calcium carbonate, and the nitrification process in an aerated oxidation lagoon in batch and pilot scale (1,72 m3 as total volume and 1,46 m3 as effective one) working on a residual synthetic liquid, elaborated with base in sucrose, sulfate and ammonium phosphate. The results demonstrated that when being increased the initial alkalinity in the range from 120 to 360 mg CaCO3/dm3, the nitrification process efficiency increased significantly until the surroundings of the 86%, decreasing when being this with smaller and bigger values that said range. The dissolved oxygen concentration stayed around 4,3 mg/dm3, belonging together with the aerobic character of the microorganisms for nitrification (Nitrosomona and Nitrobacter). The initial concentration of total nitrogen in each one of the 14 processes batch was 38 mg/dm3 and the same one went down to minimum values around 4,56 mg/dm3

Purificación Del Aire Ambiente Interior En La Fábrica De Productos Lácteos “Quesos Latacunga” , Cotopaxi, Ecuador

The purification of the internal ambient air of the "Latacunga Cheese" factory was studied by the application of ozone. It is an energetic oxidizing agent which is able to kill the microorganisms present in the medium where it is found. It is applied in its appropriate doses with the aim of purifying the air environment of the workshop. The concentrations of fungi and bacteria found before the application of ozone were higher than that allowed by the Spanish legislation "UNE 100012 Hygiene of systems". Among the fungi identified were Aspergillus sp., Penicilium sp., Scopulariopsis sp., Fusarium sp., and Cladosporium sp. The major bacteria identified were Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp., Bacillus sp., Streptomyces sp., and Enterobacter agglomerans. The main material used for the treatment of indoor air with ozone was a SEFILTRA purifier. This purifier, however, generates an ozonated air flow rate of 2 dm3 / min with an ozone concentration in air of 9.5 g / m3. This means it has an ozone charge of about 1.14 g / hr. A High Efficiency Particle Arresting (99.995%) filter was used to measure microbial air content before and after treatment. After an hour of application of ozone, the reduction of fungi was sufficient to ensure that its presence was complied with the maximum limit established in the legislation in question. However, this does not happen with bacteria which needs about 25 minutes more to conclude which is the same as for fungi

Nitrificación En La Estabilización De Residuos Líquidos En Un Reactor Batch Aireado Completamente Mezclado

Organic nitrogen concentration and nitrifying efficiency were related with aerobic reactor operation time, varying from zero up to 50 days and working as a Conventional Activated Sludge System, inoculated with sludge from a trickling filter system, packed with plastic media. The total nitrogen concentration at the beginning was adjusted to 70 mg/dm3 , by means of lysine addition and, and the corresponding to dissolved oxygen stayed at least in 3 mg/dm3 . The maximum nitrification efficiency for converting total nitrogen to nitrate was 86%, and about 30 days, was not significantly increased and the alkalinity (expressed as CaCO3) was reduced from 425 down to 57 mg/dm3 , decreasing about 7,50 mg/dm3 for each mg/dm3 of organic nitrogen converted to nitrate

Estudio Preliminar Sobre La Decoloración Del Residual Líquido De La Producción De Papel Mediante Ozonización

Preliminarily, the relationship between Color Reduction (%RC), Total Suspended Solids concentration (SST), and as independent variable, the time of Ozone Oxidation Process, was evaluated with reference values of DQO of the black liquor adjusting its concentration from SST to 300 and 50mg/dm3. A batch reactor of 12,60dm3, an effective height of 3,2dm and an ozone generating device from SEFILTRA company (air flow of 2dm3/min, c(O3) of 9,50mg/dm3 with a O3(g) production 19mg/min) was used. The polynomic correlation was determined from 192 data sets with satisfactory adjustment level (R=0,92; p <0,001). Although, preliminarily, the DQO reduction (%RDQO) was not included in the polynomial relationship, it can be concluded that: a) The %RC and %RDQO is reduced when color and DQO increases from the ozonized sample at same time intervals; this reduction is greater when the SST levels of the ozonized sample increases. b) The %RC and %RDQO decrease when the SST level of the ozonized sample increases. c) Depending on the initial color, of the DQO and of the SST level of the sample, values from 10 to 53 %Rc were obtained after 10 min, and of 66 to 94 %Rc after 60 min

Growth and Yield Models for Teak Planted as Living Fences in Coastal Ecuador

Teak plantations cover a total area of about 4.35 million ha worldwide. The species is currently being planted in silvopastoral systems in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador. However, there are no growth and yield models for teak grown in silvopastoral systems, especially as living fences, in this region. The aim of the present study was to develop volume and yield models for teak grown as living fences in silvopastoral systems. For teak planted as living fences, the biological rotation age was estimated to vary between 15 and 26 years. The final yield in the silvopastoral system varied from 49 m3 ha−1 at 26 years in the least productive sites to 225 m3 ha−1 at 15 years in the most productive sites in the study area. The mean annual yield for the highest quality site was 15.3 m3 ha−1 year−1 at age 15 years, for a density of 160 trees ha−1. For a base age of 10 years, height-based site indexes of nine to 23 m were established. The growth and yield model obtained may be useful to define the biological (optimal) rotation age and estimate the productivity of teak living fences in the coastal lowlands of Ecuador