Ferric Carboxymaltose as Treatment in Women with Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Objective. To evaluate safety and efficacy of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) versus standard medical care (SMC) for iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) in postpartum women and women with heavy menstrual bleeding. Study Design. This open-label, multicenter study randomized women with IDA (hemoglobin ≤ 11.0 g/dL) to single doses of FCM (15 mg/kg [maximum 1000 mg]) or SMC (this treatment was determined by the investigator and there may have been no treatment). Safety data (primary outcome) were collected for 30 days. Results. Of 2045 subjects enrolled (FCM: = 1023; SMC: = 1022), 996 received FCM and 1022 received SMC. At least 1 serious adverse event (AE) was reported by 0.6% and 2.2% of subjects in the FCM and SMC groups, respectively; none were considered treatment related. The difference in serious AEs was primarily due to higher rates of uterine leiomyoma, uterine hemorrhage, and menorrhagia in SMC subjects with heavy menstrual bleeding. Common AEs were generally predictable, with higher rates of infusion site reactions in FCM subjects and gastrointestinal AEs in SMC subjects. Mean hemoglobin increases were greater in the FCM group than the SMC group. Conclusion. FCM was well tolerated and effectively increased mean hemoglobin levels in postpartum women or women with heavy menstrual bleeding and IDA. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00548860

Effect of single dose cadmium chloride administration on oxidative stress in male and female rats

This study was carried out to determine the effect of single dose cadmium chloride (CdCl2) administration on the possible development of oxidative stress by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the liver, kidney and blood serum of male and female rats. For this purpose 80 animals (14-16 weeks old) were initially divided into two 2 groups according to sex, each containing 40 rats. Then both were divided into 5 equal treatment groups [0 (control) 0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/kg CdCl2 body weight by subcutanous injection, respectively]. The blood serum and tissues of the liver and kidney were collected after 24 h of treatment from anesthesized rats. MDA levels of the samples were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Oxidative stress was evident in both sexes following 24 h exposure to all doses of CdCl2 compared to the controls. Liver MDA levels of male rats were higher than those of female ones. Although MDA levels in the serum and kidney of male rats were higher than those in females, these alterations were not statistically significant. In conclusion, these results show that cadmium causes early oxidative stress as demonstrated by increasee in MDA levels in the blood serum and liver and kidney tissues. In addition, the reason for the higher MDA level of in the liver of male rats compared with females could be due to differences in p450 dependent NADPH and higher levels of metallothionein in female rats

Effects of exogenous metallothionein on acute cadmium toxicity in rats

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of exogenously administered metallothionein (MT) to rats exposed to high cadmium levels. A total of 72 rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into three groups: controls, Cd administered, and Cd+MT. Cadmium was administered by subcutaneous injection of cadmium(II) chloride at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg for 7 d. In addition to CdCl2, 30 mu mol/kg MT was administered to the second group of rats (group II). Control rats received 0.5 mL physiologic serum via subcutaneous injection. Eight rats from each group were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after administration of the compounds. Liver, kidney, and blood samples were harvested. Levels of malonclialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), serum ALT, AST, BUN, ALP, creatinine, and urea were measured. MDA levels in group I were observed to increase starting from d 1 compared to group II (p The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of exogenously administered metallothionein (MT) to rats exposed to high cadmium levels. A total of 72 rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into three groups: controls, Cd administered, and Cd+MT. Cadmium was administered by subcutaneous injection of cadmium(II) chloride at a dose of 3.5 mg/kg for 7 d. In addition to CdCl2, 30 micromol/kg MT was administered to the second group of rats (group II). Control rats received 0.5 mL physiologic serum via subcutaneous injection. Eight rats from each group were sacrificed on the 1st, 3rd, 5th, and 7th day after administration of the compounds. Liver, kidney, and blood samples were harvested. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), serum ALT, AST, BUN, ALP, creatinine, and urea were measured. MDA levels in group I were observed to increase starting from d 1 compared to group II (p&lt;0.05). Although MDA levels in group II were higher than controls (p&lt;0.05), they were lower, especially in liver and blood, compared to group II. Erythrocyte GSH-Px activity levels were determined to decrease starting from d 1 in both groups (p&lt;0.05). Decreases in GSH-Px activity levels in group II were less than group I. Serum creatinine levels in both groups were increased significantly compared to controls (p&lt;0.05); the increase in group I was higher than group II. Serum ALT, AST, and ALP levels in group I increased to very high levels compared to controls, whereas increases in group II were at moderate levels (p&lt;0.05). Although serum BUN levels were determined to be reduced, there was no significant change among the groups. Serum urea levels in both groups were higher than controls. Based on our results, it is possible to postulate that exogenous MT can act as antioxidant against Cd toxicity and lipid peroxidation.</p

Toxicity of dietary Heliotropium dolosum seed to broiler chickens

Five groups of 20 female broiler chicks were fed different levels of dehulled Heliotropium dolosum seed (w/w %; 0.0, 1.0. 3.0, 5.0 or 10.0%) from 10 to 52 d of age. In all doses the seed caused decreases in claim feed intake, weight gain, and feed efficiency, and biochemical findings, severity of pathologic changes, and mortality rate increased in a dose-dependent manner. Acute toxicity was observed in livers of chicks fed 10% seed. Other test groups had chronic changes. Livers had massive to submassive necrosis, hepatic megalocytosis, bile duct proliferation, fatty change, and periportal fibrosis, Biochemical evaluations revealed hypoalbuminemia, hypoprotienemia and increased ALP activity and billuribin. The seed of Heliotropium dolosum produced biochemical and specific pathologic changes in broiler chicks, as well as decreased food intake and feed efficiency. Higher seed levels induced more pronounced changes

Unusual cases of vaginal prolapse concurrent with cystocele in two dogs

Ergin, Irem/0000-0003-2373-5133; YAZLIK, Murat Onur/0000-0002-0039-5597; Polat, Mert/0000-0003-4029-1247WOS: 000360297400006A 2-year-old non pregnant Anatolian shepherd (case 1) and 3-year-old, pregnant pit bull terrier (case 2) each presented with a history of dysuria and a mass prolapsed from the vulva. Vaginal prolapse and retroflexion of the urinary bladder were diagnosed in both cases according to clinical and diagnostic examinations. Foetal stress was detected on ultrasonography and caesarean section was performed in case 2. The urinary bladder was replaced in the normal anatomic position and cystopexy was performed via a midline laparotomy in each dog, and an ovariohysterectomy (OHE) was performed to prevent recurrence of vaginal prolapse. Surgical amputation of the prolapsed vagina was performed after the cystopexy and OHE. This case report demonstrates the possibility of severe vaginal prolapse concurrent with cystocele in bitches