Localization of the peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase gene ( Pam ) introduces a region of homology between human Chromosome 5q and mouse Chromosome 1

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47008/1/335_2004_Article_BF00426085.pd

Localization of the dopamine transporter gene, Dat1 , on mouse Chromosome 13

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/47009/1/335_2004_Article_BF00292340.pd

Microbiological quality before and after nanofiltration

The authors investigated microbiological behavior of a distribution system supplied initially with biologically treated water and then with nanofiltered water. Their purpose was to identify and evaluate the changes in microbiological water quality attributable to modifications in water treatment at the plant. During the course of the study, all data from varlous indicators of microbiological quality (i.e. heterotrophic plate counts, coliform enumeration, total direct counts, and fixed bacterial biomass) showed similar trends. Results indicated that the use of nanofiltration allows utilities to reduce chlorination of treated water and at least maintain or increase the microbiological quality of distributed water for areas with high residence times.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Microbial Community Response to Chlorine Conversion in a Chloraminated Drinking Water Distribution System

Temporary conversion to chlorine (i.e., “chlorine burn”) is a common approach to controlling nitrification in chloraminated drinking water distribution systems, yet its effectiveness and mode(s) of action are not fully understood. This study characterized occurrence of nitrifying populations before, during and after a chlorine burn at 46 sites in a chloraminated distribution system with varying pipe materials and levels of observed nitrification. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of gene markers present in nitrifying populations indicated higher frequency of detection of ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB) (72% of samples) relative to ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) (28% of samples). <i>Nitrospira</i> nitrite oxidizing bacteria (NOB) were detected at 45% of samples, while presence of <i>Nitrobacter</i> NOB could not be confirmed at any of the samples. During the chlorine burn, the numbers of AOA, AOB, and <i>Nitrospira</i> greatly reduced (i.e., 0.8–2.4 log). However, rapid and continued regrowth of AOB and <i>Nitrospira</i> were observed along with nitrite production in the bulk water within four months after the chlorine burn, and nitrification outbreaks appeared to worsen 6–12 months later, even after adopting a twice annual burn program. Although high throughput sequencing of 16S rRNA genes revealed a distinct community shift and higher diversity index during the chlorine burn, it steadily returned towards a condition more similar to pre-burn than burn stage. Significant factors associated with nitrifier and microbial community composition included water age and sampling location type, but not pipe material. Overall, these results indicate that there is limited long-term effect of chlorine burns on nitrifying populations and the broader microbial community