Edge-Transitive Bipartite Direct Products

In their recent paper ``Edge-transitive products, Hammack, Imrich, and Klavzar showed that the direct product of connected, non-bipartite graphs is edge-transitive if and only if both factors are edge-transitive, and at least one is arc-transitive. However, little is known when the product is bipartite. This thesis extends this result (in part) for the case of bipartite graphs using a new technique called stacking. For R-thin, connected, bipartite graphs A and B, we show that A x B is arc-transitive if and only if A and B are both arc-transitive. Further, we show A x B is edge-transitive only if at least one of A, B is also edge-transitive, and give evidence that strongly suggests that in fact both factors must be edge-transitive

Returns to Education between the Self-employed and Employed Sectors: Evidence from Malaysia

Investment in human capital in terms of returns to education is considered a crucial factor that contributes to the remarkable economic growth especially in the rapidly developing countries. Since poverty and education are closely related, this paper attempts to examine whether returns to education differ between the self-employed and employed sectors in the rural Malay area in Rantau, Malaysia. Using the adjusted Mincerian Earnings function and the dummy variables approach, the empirical finding shows that returns to education do not differ between the self-employed and employed sectors in the rural Malay society. Thus, it can be deduced that there is no significant difference between the self-employed and employed sectors in those two sectors. Interestingly, it also reveals that private rates of return (ROR) increase by the level of schooling and they are the highest at the Secondary level. Finally, appropriate strategies are further suggested to alleviate poverty in the case study area.

Penumbral structure and outflows in simulated sunspots

Sunspots are concentrations of magnetic field on the visible solar surface that strongly affect the convective energy transport in their interior and surroundings. The filamentary outer regions (penumbrae) of sunspots show systematic radial outward flows along channels of nearly horizontal magnetic field. These flows were discovered 100 years ago and are present in all fully developed sunspots. Using a comprehensive numerical simulation of a sunspot pair, we show that penumbral structures with such outflows form when the average magnetic field inclination to the vertical exceeds about 45 degrees. The systematic outflows are a component of the convective flows that provide the upward energy transport and result from anisotropy introduced by the presence of the inclined magnetic field.Comment: 19 pages, 8 figures, main Science article + supporting online material combined into one fil

Permanent Weekend: Nature, Leisure, and Rural Gentrification by John Michels

Review of John Michels\u27 Permanent Weekend: Nature, Leisure, and Rural Gentrification

Very-large-scale motions in rough-bed open-channel flow

Acknowledgements The study has been supported by two EPSRC/UK grants, ‘High-resolution numerical and experimental studies of turbulence-induced sediment erosion and near-bed transport’ (EP/G056404/1) and ‘Bed friction in rough-bed free-surface flows: a theoretical framework, roughness regimes, and quantification’ (EP/K041169/1). Discussions with I. Marusic and comments of three anonymous reviewers are greatly appreciated.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Decreased sensitivity to aspirin is associated with altered polyamine metabolism in human prostate cancer cells

Acknowledgments We thank NHS Grampian for financial support of this work.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

New and emerging therapeutic options for malignant pleural mesothelioma: review of early clinical trials.

Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare tumor that is challenging to control. Despite some benefit from using the multimodality-approach (surgery, combination chemotherapy and radiation), survival remains poor. However, current research produced a list of potential therapies. Here, we summarize significant new preclinical and early clinical developments in treatment of MPM, which include mesothelin specific antibody and toxin therapies, interleukin-4 (IL-4) receptor toxins, dendritic cell vaccines, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and gene-based therapies. In addition, several local modalities such as photodynamic therapy, postoperative lavage using betadine, and cryotherapy for local recurrence, have also shown to be effective for local control of disease