Efects of Diet Supplemented With Omega-3 in Soleus Muscle of Rats Submitted to Swimming: Histological and Morphometric Analysis

Muscle injuries have been observed as the most frequent in sports. Considering the production of Reactive Oxygen Species as a risk factor for installation of injuries and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory characteristics of Omega-3, the objective of this study was to evaluate the histological and morphometric changes of the soleus muscle of rats that practiced swimming, associated with a diet supplemented with Omega-3. 31 Wistar rats divided into 4 groups were used, namely groups A and C supplemented with olive oil and B and D with 3g/day of Omega-3, for 4 weeks. Groups C and D were submitted to swimming for 5 days / week during 28 days, with addition of 5% of body weight from the second week on; while groups A and B did not perform training. After this period the animals were sacrificed, the soleus muscle removed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin for morphological evaluation. Bifactorial analysis of variance with significance level of 5% was used for analysis of values of smallest diameter of the muscle fibers. Groups A and B (sedentary) presented normal histological patterns. Group C showed increase of endomisial tissue and number of nuclei, presence of phagocytized fibers and not maintained polygonal contours, whereas group D showed few phagocytized fibers and polygonal contours preserved. Regarding the measurement of the smallest diameter of the muscle fibers, the analyses showed differences for the training factor, but not for the supplementation factor or interaction between them. The histological changes induced by exercise were attenuated in the group supplemented with Omega-3, suggesting hence a protective effect of supplementation; however, the diameter increase of the fibers for the groups exposed to exercise is related to the training effect and not to supplementation.16536336

Genotyping of AR and PSA polymorphisms in a patient with Klinefelter syndrome, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma of the prostate

It has been hypothesized that the AR (androgen receptor) gene binds the two PSA (prostate-specific antigen) alleles with differing affinities and may differentially influence prostate cancer risk. In this article, we report a case of adenocarcinoma of the prostate in a 56-year-old man with Klinefelter syndrome (47,XXY) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, as well as the AR and PSA genotype. AR and PSA gene polymorphisms were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction-based methods using DNA from peripheral white blood cells and the prostate cancer. We determined the methylation status of the AR gene on the X chromosome. The patient presents with the AG genotype for the ARE-I (androgen response element) region of the PSA gene. We detect the presence of two short AR alleles with 19 and 11CAG repeats each. Unmethylated alleles were demonstrated for both. The shorter allele was inactive in more than 60% of total DNA in both control blood and prostate cancer cells. The presence of short AR alleles and the G allele of the PSA gene may contribute to the development of prostate cancer in a 47,XXY patient. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Contato precoce pele a pele entre mãe e filho: significado para mães e contribuições para a enfermagem

Tratou-se de uma pesquisa convergente-assistencial, realizada numa maternidade da Região Sul do Brasil entre abril e maio de 2009, objetivando compreender o significado do contato precoce pele-a-pele mãe-filho para o ser-mãe, identificar características do estabelecimento desse contato e contribuições da enfermagem. Os dados foram coletados pela observação participante e entrevista, com nove mães, identificando-se quatro categorias: a) orientações acerca do contato pele-a-pele precoce mãe-filho antes do nascimento; b) estabelecimento do contato precoce pele-a-pele mãe-filho; c) significado do contato pele-a-pele precoce mãe-filho para o ser-mãe; e d) contribuições da enfermagem no estabelecimento do contato precoce pele-a-pele mãe-filho. Conclui-se que o significado do contato precoce mãe-filho atribuído pelas mães é positivo, e a contribuição da enfermagem no estabelecimento desse contato é significativa

Avaliação antropométrica de adolescentes Kamayurá, povo indígena do Alto Xingu, Brasil Central (2000-2001) Anthropometric assessment of Kamayurá adolescents in the Upper Xingu, Central Brazil (2000-2001)

Apesar da proximidade dos grupos indígenas do Alto Xingu com a sociedade, os estudos têm mostrado adequação do peso para estatura e déficit de estatura para idade das crianças desses povos. Em relação aos adolescentes, pouco se conhece sobre suas condições nutricionais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o estado nutricional de adolescentes Kamayurá, valendo-se de variáveis antropométricas. As medidas de peso, estatura, pregas cutâneas e circunferências corporais foram coletadas de 65 adolescentes, sendo 31 indivíduos masculinos e 34 femininos. As médias de estatura em relação à idade foram menores do que aquelas encontradas na Pesquisa Nacional sobre Saúde e Nutrição e na população de referência do National Center for Health Statistics. Houve taxa elevada de sobrepeso no sexo masculino (38,7%) e no feminino (23,5%); a obesidade foi encontrada em uma adolescente (2,9%). Nenhum adolescente com sobrepeso apresentou ambas as pregas tricipital e subescapular acima do percentil 90. Não houve casos de déficit nutricional em adolescentes de ambos os sexos. Apesar da alta prevalência de sobrepeso, o estado nutricional dos adolescentes em estudo é adequado, dada a baixa adiposidade.<br>Despite the proximity between indigenous groups in the Upper Xingu Region and Brazilian national society, studies have shown adequate weight-for-height and low height-for-age in indigenous children. Little is known about the nutritional status of indigenous adolescents. The present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional status of Kamayurá adolescents. Anthropometric variables were collected from a sample of 65 adolescents (31 males and 34 females). Mean height was lower than both that of the Brazilian National Survey on Health and Nutrition and the reference population of the U.S. National Center for Health Statistics. There was a high rate of overweight in both males (38.7%) and females (23.5%), and one female adolescent was obese (2.9%). No overweight adolescent presented both the triceps and subscapular skinfolds above the 90th percentile. There were no cases of nutritional deficit among either male or female adolescents. Despite the high prevalence of overweight, the nutritional status of these adolescents is adequate, since the group presents low adiposity