Zoneamento climático da Heveicultura no Brasil.

Para o zoneamento da aptidão climática da heveicultura no Brasil, considerou-se as exigências climáticas da espécie a ser cultivada e da principal doença que afeta a cultura. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se a temperatura média anual do ar, a deficiência hídrica no solo e a temperatura média do mês mais frio, como condicionantes do desempenho da cultura e da ocorrência de surtos epidêmicos do Microcyclus ulei (P. Henn) V. Arx., principal patógeno da seringueira no Brasil e causador do "mal-das-folhas". Considerando esses fatores, elaborou-se uma carta de aptidão climática da heveicultura no Brasil, baseada em isolinhas de temperatura, precipitação, e de outros fatores de interesse, estabelecendo-se, assim, as regiões brasileiras com condições climáticas aptas, restritas, marginais e inaptas para o cultivo comercial da seringueira.bitstream/CNPM/1254/1/d24_heveic_fin.pd

Análise de modelos de distribuição de freqüências e valores probabilísticos de evapotranspiração potencial para Nova Odessa,SP.

The distribution of frequencies of the potential evapotranspiration (ETo) estimated with Priestley-Taylor method was analyzed for the region of Nova Odessa, state of São Paulo, Brazil. The annual maximum values of accumulated ETo were adjusted for periods from 2 to 30 days to the normal, lognormal, gama, beta and gumbel frequency distribution models. Using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, it was verified that the distributions normal, lognormal, beta and gumbel presented good adjustment. The gama model did not present adjustment to the data of this study. The medium values of potential evapotranspiração were very close to the obtained at the level of 50% of probability (two years of return period) and lightly inferior to the values of ETo at the level of 75% of probability (four years of return period). Considering the recommendation of adopting the evapotranspiration at the level of 75% of probability, it is verified that a relative underestimation of the irrigations systems design in the region to the if it uses the medium value of ETo in projects

Past and Projected Changes in Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclone Exposure

The average latitude where tropical cyclones (TCs) reach their peak intensity has been observed to be shifting poleward in some regions over the past 30 years, apparently in concert with the independently observed expansion of the tropical belt. This poleward migration is particularly well observed and robust in the western North Pacific Ocean (WNP). Such a migration is expected to cause systematic changes, both increases and decreases, in regional hazard exposure and risk, particularly if it persists through the present century. Here, it is shown that the past poleward migration in the WNP has coincided with decreased TC exposure in the region of the Philippine and South China Seas, including the Marianas, the Philippines, Vietnam, and southern China, and increased exposure in the region of the East China Sea, including Japan and its Ryukyu Islands, the Korea Peninsula, and parts of eastern China. Additionally, it is shown that projections of WNP TCs simulated by, and downscaled from, an ensemble of numerical models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) demonstrate a continuing poleward migration into the present century following the emissions projections of the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5). The projected migration causes a shift in regional TC exposure that is very similar in pattern and relative amplitude to the past observed shift. In terms of regional differences in vulnerability and resilience based on past TC exposure, the potential ramifications of these future changes are significant. Questions of attribution for the changes are discussed in terms of tropical belt expansion and Pacific decadal sea surface temperature variability

Uso do programa computacional Gotas para avaliação da deposição de pulverização aérea sob diferentes condições climáticas.

Este trabalho avaliou o programa Gotas, desenvolvido pela Embrapa Informática Agropecuária e Embrapa Meio Ambiente, para comparação de resultados de deposição de pulverização aérea, em diferentes situações de temperatura e umidade relativa. Constatou-se que o programa permite estimativas fidedignas de parâmetros imprescindíveis à tomada de decisão sobre a calibração da pulverização. As pulverizações com aeronaves realizadas em condições de temperatura 36 ºC e 25% de umidade relativa foram totalmente inadequadas.bitstream/CNPMA/7435/1/boletim_39.pd

Performance of the modified Becke-Johnson potential

Very recently, in the 2011 version of the Wien2K code, the long standing shortcome of the codes based on Density Functional Theory, namely, its impossibility to account for the experimental band gap value of semiconductors, was overcome. The novelty is the introduction of a new exchange and correlation potential, the modified Becke-Johnson potential (mBJLDA). In this paper, we report our detailed analysis of this recent work. We calculated using this code, the band structure of forty one semiconductors and found an important improvement in the overall agreement with experiment as Tran and Blaha [{\em Phys. Rev. Lett.} 102, 226401 (2009)] did before for a more reduced set of semiconductors. We find, nevertheless, within this enhanced set, that the deviation from the experimental gap value can reach even much more than 20%, in some cases. Furthermore, since there is no exchange and correlation energy term from which the mBJLDA potential can be deduced, a direct optimization procedure to get the lattice parameter in a consistent way is not possible as in the usual theory. These authors suggest that a LDA or a GGA optimization procedure is used previous to a band structure calculation and the resulting lattice parameter introduced into the 2011 code. This choice is important since small percentage differences in the lattice parameter can give rise to quite higher percentage deviations from experiment in the predicted band gap value.Comment: 10 pages, 2 figures, 5 Table