Perfuração do abomosa e da parede abdominal na intoxicação de bovinos por arsênio

A disease in a herd of cattle is described which caused the death of about 90 animals in the State of Paraná, Brazil. The most striking symptoms were swelling of the umbilical region (Figs. 2 and 3), perforation of the abdominal wall and prolapsus of the abomasum (Fig. 1). Post-mortem examinations revealed extensive senequiae between the abomasum and the abdominal wall and the presence of a pouch which resulted from a large ulcer in the ventral portion of the abomasum (Fig. 4). The pouch wall consisted only of fibrous connective tissue and abdominal skin. Chemical analyses for arsenic in necrotic material collected from the bottom of the deep ulcer in the abomasum of one of the animals, were strongly positive. Arsenic was also found in liver and hair of this animal, and also in hair of other cattle which had symptoms of the disease (Table 1). Activation analyses of hair samples of two diseased animals revealed an arsenic content of about 25 times as high as found in the hair of a control animal (Table 2). By time findings and by the fact that arsenic was found in mineral supplements given to the cattle, it was concluded that time disease was caused by subacute arsenic poisoning. Similar observations were made in another herd of cattle in the State of Rio da Janeiro (Figs. 5 to 7). The arsenic content found in a hair sample of one of these animals by activation analysis, was also relatively high (Table 3), which indicates that arsenic poisoning also there was involved.Descrevem-se duas mortandades em bovinos, uma no Município de Castro, Estado do Paraná, e outra no Município de Marquês de Valença, Estado do Rio de Janeiro, caracterizadas por abaulamento e perfuração da parede abdominal na região umbilical, com saída de conteúdo estomacal, prolapso do coagulador e morte. As mortandades afetaram 90 animais no Município de Castro e cinco no Município de Marquês de Valença. Necrópsias revelaram extensa sinequia entre o abomaso e a parede abdominal, com desaparecimento da porção ventral do abomaso, formação de bolsa constituída por tecido conjuntivo fibroso e pele, e perfuração da parede abdominal. Pesquisa de arsênio em material necrótico do fundo de úlcera abomásica, coletado em um bovino sacrificado em Castro, resultou fortemente positivo para esse elemento. Presença de arsênio verificou-se também no fígado e nos pelos deste animal, bem como em pelos de outros bovinos com sintomatologia da doença. Pelos de animais de controle continham arsênio em quantidades aproximadamente 20 vezes menores. Por estes achados e pela verificação de arsênio nos suplementos minerais usados na alimentação dos bovinos, concluiu-se que a mortandade foi causada por intoxicação por aquele elemento. O exame para arsênio dos pelos do bovino necropsiado em Marquês de Valença revelou igualmente teor elevado. Baseando-se no conjunto dos dados concluem os autores que também esta mortandade foi causada por intoxicação subaguda por arsênio

A large topographic feature on the surface of the trans-Neptunian object (307261) 2002 MS4_4 measured from stellar occultations

This work aims at constraining the size, shape, and geometric albedo of the dwarf planet candidate 2002 MS4 through the analysis of nine stellar occultation events. Using multichord detection, we also studied the object's topography by analyzing the obtained limb and the residuals between observed chords and the best-fitted ellipse. We predicted and organized the observational campaigns of nine stellar occultations by 2002 MS4 between 2019 and 2022, resulting in two single-chord events, four double-chord detections, and three events with three to up to sixty-one positive chords. Using 13 selected chords from the 8 August 2020 event, we determined the global elliptical limb of 2002 MS4. The best-fitted ellipse, combined with the object's rotational information from the literature, constrains the object's size, shape, and albedo. Additionally, we developed a new method to characterize topography features on the object's limb. The global limb has a semi-major axis of 412 $\pm$ 10 km, a semi-minor axis of 385 $\pm$ 17 km, and the position angle of the minor axis is 121 $^\circ$ $\pm$ 16$^\circ$. From this instantaneous limb, we obtained 2002 MS4's geometric albedo and the projected area-equivalent diameter. Significant deviations from the fitted ellipse in the northernmost limb are detected from multiple sites highlighting three distinct topographic features: one 11 km depth depression followed by a 25$^{+4}_{-5}$ km height elevation next to a crater-like depression with an extension of 322 $\pm$ 39 km and 45.1 $\pm$ 1.5 km deep. Our results present an object that is $\approx$138 km smaller in diameter than derived from thermal data, possibly indicating the presence of a so-far unknown satellite. However, within the error bars, the geometric albedo in the V-band agrees with the results published in the literature, even with the radiometric-derived albedo