Loci de rasgos binarios que influyen en la expresión del comportamiento higiénico de las abejas melíferas

This study was conducted to detect binary trait loci (BTLs) that influence the expression of hygienic behavior of individual honey bee workers and to locate genetic markers that are associated to these BTLs on a genetic map derived from bees that perform hygienic behavior of a backcross colony. Samples of workers that perform hygienic behavior and workers that not perform hygienic behavior that were used as controls were collected from the colony.Este estudio se realizó, para detectar loci de rasgos binarios (BTL) que influyen en la expresión del comportamiento higiénico de abejas obreras y para localizar marcadores genéticos asociados a estos BTL en un mapa de ligamiento. Se recolectaron abejas que realizaron el comportamiento higiénico y abejas que no realizaron el comportamiento higiénico de una colonia producto de una retrocruza. Se construyó, un mapa genético utilizando marcadores AFLP generados a partir del ADN de las abejas que realizaron el comportamiento higiénico

Soluble inflammatory mediators of synoviocytes stimulated by monosodium urate crystals induce the production of oxidative stress, pain, and inflammation mediators in chondrocytes

Brief report[Abstract] We hypothesized that the secretion of inflammatory mediators from synoviocytes affects the chondrocyte homeostasis of articular cartilage. This study was a preliminary attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which soluble mediators obtained from activated synoviocytes induce oxidative stress and inflammation in chondrocytes. We measured the concentrations of interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), nerve growth factor (NGF), superoxide anion (O2•-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitric oxide (NO•) from articular human cells. First, we created a conditional basal medium by exposing synoviocytes (HS) to monosodium urate crystals (CBM). The chondrocytes were exposed to either CBM (CCM), urate crystals directly (CMSU), or remained untreated (CC) as a negative control. Data were analyzed by ANOVA tests; Bonferroni test was performed for multiple comparisons between groups. Interestingly, we observed that mediators of inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly higher in CCM than CMSU and CC groups (P<0.01). The specific concentrations were as follows: 19.85 ng/mL of IL-6, 9.79 ng/mL of IL-8, 5.17 ng/mL of NGF, and 11.91 ng/mL of MCP-1. Of note, we observed the same trend for reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (P<0.001). Soluble mediators secreted by synoviocytes after being activated with MSU crystals (as observed in individuals who present gout attacks) trigger chondrocyte activation intensifying the articular inflammatory, oxidative, and pain states that damage cartilage in OA; this damage is more severe even when compared to HC directly exposed to monosodium urate crystals. Key Points • The molecular relation between MSU depositions and cartilage damage could be mediated by pro-inflammatory soluble mediators and oxidative molecules. • The secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators by activated synoviocytes is more harmful to chondrocytes than a direct activation in the chondrocyte culture. • Under this model, there is an important imbalance in the matrix homeostasis due to changes in several chemokines, cytokines, and other factors such as NGF, as well as oxidative mediators

Características endocrinas, moleculares y de parámetros de crecimiento asociados a la obesidad del cerdo pelón mexicano

To establish the potential of the Mexican hairless pig as an animal model for the study of obesity, a comparative study between the Mexican hairless pigs (MHP) and Landrace-Yorkshire pigs (LYP) was performed. Leptin and insulin serum concentrations were measured and its correlation with backfat thickness was estimated. Feed intake, daily weight gain and backfat thickness was evaluated. Gene expression of leptin, leptin receptor, adiponectin and peroxisoma proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ,) in adipose tissue were also evaluated. The LYP had a higher weight gain (P0.05). However, the backfat thickness was higher in the MHP (PPara determinar el potencial del cerdo Pelón Mexicano (CPM) en el estudio de la obesidad, se realizó un estudio entre el CPM y cerdos Landrace-Yorkshire (CLY). Se midieron concentraciones séricas de leptina e insulina y se determinó su correlación con el espesor de grasa dorsal (EGD). Se evaluó el consumo de alimento (CA), el EGD, la ganancia diaria de peso y la expresión de genes que codifican para leptina, el receptor de leptina, adiponectina y el receptor activado por proliferadores de peroxisomas gama (PPAR-γ,), mediante PCR de tiempo real. Los CLY tuvieron una ganancia de peso mayor (

Evaluation of metabolic, endrocrine and growth features in the Mexican hairless pig to determinate its potential as model for obesity in comparison with commercial pigs

Biochemical, endocrine and growth performance variables were evaluated and compared in the Mexican hairless (MHP) and in Landrace Yorkshires pigs (LYP) from first to ninth month of age in order to establish if the MHP could be a better model for the study of obesity than the LYP. Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoproteins (HDL), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), glucose, free fatty acids (FFA), and insulin were measured. Feed intake, body weight and backfat thickness were also monitored. The results showed that the MHP partitioned more energy to backfat than the LYP (P<0.01), and had higher fasting serum concentrations of insulin, TC, TG, LDL, and FFA than the LYP (P<0.05). Based on the high capacity of the MHP to deposit body fat, and its higher serum concentrations of insulin, TG, CT, LDL, and FFA, we conclude that the MHP is a better model for the study of obesity than the Landrace-Yorkshire pigs and could be used under experimental conditions as a model for obesity, particularly the observed in metabolically healthy but obese humans