La ciclosporina a origina estrés oxidativo y disfunción mitocondrial en células tubulares renales

9 p.Estudiamos el efecto de la ciclosporina A (CsA) sobre la estructura y función mitocondrial en células LLC-PK1. Las células se incubaron durante 24 horas con CsA 1 µM y se analizó la producción de anión superóxido, contenido de NAD(P)H, oxidación de cardiolipina y potencial de membrana mitocondrial; además se estudió la formación de radicales libres y el contenido de glutatión reducido intracelular. Nuestros resultados demuestran que la CsA provocó un aumento del anión superóxido mitocondrial de modo paralelo al descenso de NAD(P)H; además, se produjo oxidación de la cardiolipina de la membrana interna y un descenso del potencial de membrana mitocondrial. Finalmente, observamos un aumento de la producción de radicales libres intracelulares y un descenso del glutatión reducido. En conclusión, la CsA produce modificaciones importantes en la fisiología y estructura mitocondrial con aumento de la síntesis de especies reactivas de oxígeno y descenso de la capacidad antioxidante, hechos que podrían justificar la toxicidad celular de la droga.Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Manch

Cognitive Improvement After Cochlear Implantation in Older Adults With Severe or Profound Hearing Impairment: A Prospective, Longitudinal, Controlled, Multicenter Study

Objective: To compare the cognitive evolution of older adults with severe or profound hearing impairment after cochlear implantation with that of a matched group of older adults with severe hearing impairment who do not receive a cochlear implant (CI).Design: In this prospective, longitudinal, controlled, and multicenter study, 24 older CI users were included in the intervention group and 24 adults without a CI in the control group. The control group matched the intervention group in terms of gender, age, formal education, cognitive functioning, and residual hearing. Assessments were made at baseline and 14 months later. Primary outcome measurements included the change in the total score on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status for Hearing impaired individuals score and on its subdomain score to assess cognitive evolution in both groups. Secondary outcome measurements included self-reported changes in sound quality (Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index), self-perceived hearing disability (Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale), states of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and level of negative affectivity and social inhibition (Type D questionnaire).Results: Improvements of the overall cognitive functioning (p = 0.05) and the subdomain “Attention” (p = 0.02) were observed after cochlear implantation in the intervention group; their scores were compared to the corresponding scores in the control group. Significant positive effects of cochlear implantation on sound quality and self-perceived hearing outcomes were found in the intervention group. Notably, 20% fewer traits of Type D personalities were measured in the intervention group after cochlear implantation. In the control group, traits of Type D personalities increased by 13%.Conclusion: Intervention with a CI improved cognitive functioning (domain Attention in particular) in older adults with severe hearing impairment compared to that of the matched controls with hearing impairment without a CI. However, older CI users did not, in terms of cognition, bridge the performance gap with adults with normal hearing after 1 year of CI use. The fact that experienced, older CI users still present subnormal cognitive functioning may highlight the need for additional cognitive rehabilitation in the long term after implantation

Objective and Subjective Assessment of Music Perception and Musical Experiences in Young Cochlear Implant Users

For many individuals, music has a significant impact on the quality and enjoyability of life. Cochlear implant (CI) users must cope with the constraints that the CI imposes on music perception. Here, we assessed the musical experiences of young CI users and age-matched controls with normal hearing (NH). CI users and NH peers were divided into subgroups according to age: children and adolescents. Participants were tested on their ability to recognize vocal and instrumental music and instruments. A music questionnaire for pediatric populations (MuQPP) was also used. CI users and NH peers identified a similar percentage of vocal music. CI users were significantly worse at recognizing instruments (p p p = 0.009). For CI users in the children subgroup, the identification of instrumental music was positively correlated with music importance (p = 0.029). Young CI users have significant deficits in some aspects of music perception (instrumental music and instrument identification) but have similar scores to NH peers in terms of interest in music, frequency of music exposure, and importance of music

Implantes cocleares y función cognitiva en mayores de 55 años

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los cambios en las capacidades cognitivas, la calidad de vida y la calidad del sonido percibidas por pacientes mayores de 55 años tras la implantación coclear

Implantes cocleares y función cognitiva en mayores de 55 años

El objetivo de este estudio es determinar los cambios en las capacidades cognitivas, la calidad de vida y la calidad del sonido percibidas por pacientes mayores de 55 años tras la implantación coclear

Effect of cochlear implantation on cognitive decline and quality of life in younger and older adults with severe-to-profound hearing loss

Purpose: (a) To measure the change in cognition, the improvement of speech perception, and the subjective benefit in people under and over 60 years following cochlear implantation. (b) To assess the relationship between cognition, demographic, audiometric, and subjective outcomes in both age groups. Methods: 28 cochlear implant (CI) users were assigned to the < 60y group and 35 to the ≥ 60y group. Cognition was measured using the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status for Hearing impaired individuals (RBANS-H); subjective benefit was measured using the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ); the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI); the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index (HISQUI19); Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ12); and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Results: Prior to surgery: the RBANS-H total score positively correlated with the domains “Advanced sound”, “Self-esteem”, and “Social functioning” of NCIQ, and negatively with HADS scores. 12 months post-implantation: the RBANS-H total score increased in the < 60y (p = 0.038) and in the ≥ 60y group (p < 0.001); speech perception and subjective outcomes also improved; RBANS-H total score positively correlated with “Self-esteem” domain in NCIQ. Age and the RBANS-H total score correlated negatively in the ≥ 60y group (p = 0.026). Conclusions: After implantation, both age groups demonstrated improved cognition, speech perception and quality of life. Their depression scores decreased. Age was inversely associated with cognition.This work was supported by a grant (PI16/00079) from Programa Estatal de Generación de Conocimiento y Fortalecimiento del Sistema Español de I+D+I, ISCiii, Spain. The authors would like to thank the subjects for their participation, and Angelina Gurkina for their medical writer assistanc

Drug development for noise-induced hearing loss

[Introduction]: Excessive exposure to noise is a common occurrence that contributes to approximately 50% of the non-genetic hearing loss cases. Researchers need to develop standardized preclinical models and identify molecular targets to effectively develop prevention and curative therapies.[Areas covered]: In this review, the authors discuss the many facets of human noise-induced pathology, and the primary experimental models for studying the basic mechanisms of noise-induced damage, making connections and inferences among basic science studies, preclinical proofs of concept and clinical trials.[Expert opinion]: Whilst experimental research in animal models has helped to unravel the mechanisms of noise-induced hearing loss, there are often methodological variations and conflicting results between animal and human studies which make it difficult to integrate data and translate basic outcomes to clinical practice. Standardization of exposure paradigms and application of -omic technologies will contribute to improving the effectiveness of transferring newly gained knowledge to clinical practice.This work was supported by the grants Multi Target and View FEDER/CM-B2017/BMD-3688 from the Consejería de Educación e Investigación, Comunidad de Madrid and MINECO/FEDER SAF2017-86107-R from the Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad, Gobierno de España.Peer reviewe