65 research outputs found
The Invading Fly: Innovative Pest Management Solutions for Control of Bactrocera Invadens in Pemba, Zanzibar
An integrated pest management study was conducted targeting the invasive fruit fly, Bactrocera invadens, on the island of Pemba, Zanzibar. Male annihilation technique (MAT) traps were set in geographically dispersed sites featuring mango fruit hosts. Three locally sourced essential oils,eucalyptus citriodora, clove and lemongrass were tested against the standard attractant methyl eugenol. Rainfall quantities at each site were collected and interviews with local farmers were conducted on the subject of B. invadens infestation and management. Over the course of the two week study, April 2nd to April 18th, 2014, methyl eugenol baited traps had an average catch of 2465.75 flies per trap, which was significantly different than the 331.45 and 141.7 average fruit fly catch for eucalyptus citriodora oil and clove oil respectively. Lemongrass lagged even further with behind with a negligible number of five flies captured during the entirety of the study. These results represent the effectiveness of eucalyptus citriodora and clove oil as attractants in an integrated pest management (IPM) strategy to combat the infestation by this prolific invasive pest
Percutaneous Transcatheter Closure of Post-infarction Ventricular Septal Defect: An Alternative to Surgical Intervention
Post-infarction ventricular septal defect is a mechanical complication of acute MI. The incidence of this complication is low in the primary percutaneous coronary intervention era. However, the associated mortality is very high at 94% with medical management alone. Open surgical repair or percutaneous transcatheter closure still has an in-hospital mortality >40%. Retrospective comparisons between both closure methods are limited by observation and selection bias. This review addresses the assessment and optimisation of patients prior to repair, the optimal timing of repair, and the limitations in current data. The review considers techniques for percutaneous closure, and finally considers the path that future research should take to improve outcomes for patients
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Genome-wide variation and transcriptional changes in diverse developmental processes underlie the rapid evolution of seasonal adaptation
Many organisms enter a dormant state in their life cycle to deal with predictable changes in environments over the course of a year. The timing of dormancy is therefore a key seasonal adaptation, and it evolves rapidly with changing environments. We tested the hypothesis that differences in the timing of seasonal activity are driven by differences in the rate of development during diapause in Rhagoletis pomonella, a fly specialized to feed on fruits of seasonally limited host plants. Transcriptomes from the central nervous system across a time series during diapause show consistent and progressive changes in transcripts participating in diverse developmental processes, despite a lack of gross morphological change. Moreover, population genomic analyses suggested that many genes of small effect enriched in developmental functional categories underlie variation in dormancy timing and overlap with gene sets associated with development rate in Drosophila melanogaster. Our transcriptional data also suggested that a recent evolutionary shift from a seasonally late to a seasonally early host plant drove more rapid development during diapause in the early fly population. Moreover, genetic variants that diverged during the evolutionary shift were also enriched in putative cis regulatory regions of genes differentially expressed during diapause development. Overall, our data suggest polygenic variation in the rate of developmental progression during diapause contributes to the evolution of seasonality in R. pomonella. We further discuss patterns that suggest hourglass-like developmental divergence early and late in diapause development and an important role for hub genes in the evolution of transcriptional divergence
Australian bat lyssavirus in a child: The first reported case
Human infection with Australian Bat Lyssavirus is extremely rare and has not previously been reported in a child. We describe a fatal case of Australian Bat Lyssavirus in an 8-year-old child, and review the literature pertaining to the diagnosis and management of lyssavirus infection with consideration of its applicability to this emerging strain
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