Could be FOXO3a, miR-96-5p and miR-182-5p useful for Brazilian women with luminal A and triple negative breast cancers prognosis and target therapy?

FOXO3a dysregulation is frequently implicated in tumorigenesis, and its inhibition can occur by several molecular mechanisms. Among these, post-transcriptional suppression by miRNAs has been associated with various cancers initiation. Here, we assessed the expression profiles of the most relevant miRNAs for breast tumorigenesis, using Luminal A (LA) and Triple-Negative (TN) breast cancer from Brazilian patients, by the quantitative real time-PCR method. Their potential prognostic role for the patients was also evaluated. We identified the miRNAs miR-96-5p and miR-182-5p, de-scribed as negative regulators of FOXO3A, with differential expression both in LA and TN tumors when compared to normal tissue. The miR-96-5p and miR-182-5p miRNAs were upregulated in LA (7.82 times, p < 0.005; 6.12 times, p < 0.005, respectively) and TN breast cancer samples (9.42 times, p < 0.0001; 8.51 times, p < 0.0001) compared to normal tissues. The samples with higher miR-96-5p and miR-182-5p expression (FR ≥ 4) were submitted for FOXO3a immunostaining. Reduced protein detection was observed in all of the tumors compared to normal tissues. The most prominent miRNA expression and FOXO3a protein suppression were observed in TN samples (p < 0.001), indicating the relevant role of these molecules in this tumor biology and clinical behavior. Our results corroborate the literature regarding to the relevance of FOXO3a in the breast cancer, and they open new perspectives for alternative target therapy options for Brazilian patients expressing both FOXO3a and its regulatory miRNAs

Characterization of the expression of microRNAs in triple negative breast carcinoma

INTRODUÇÃO: Os microRNAs (miRNAs) são uma classe de pequenas moléculas não codificadoras de proteínas que regulam a expressão gênica durante a etapa de tradução. Esta regulação é feita pelo pareamento de bases com o mRNA-alvo (RNA mensageiro), resultando na supressão da tradução ou na clivagem do mRNA. A depender se os miRNAs têm como alvo genes supressores de tumor ou oncogenes, eles podem atuar como supressores tumorais ou oncogenes. A imunoistoquímica triplo negativa, no câncer de mama, é, comumente, utilizada como substituto clínico para identificação dos tumores basaloides, que se caracterizam pela expressão de genes epiteliais basais, sendo associados a menores taxas de sobrevida livre de doença e sobrevida global. O câncer de mama triplo negativo faz com que seja necessária a descoberta de marcadores moleculares que possam servir de alvos terapêuticos ou, pelo menos, que sirvam como marcadores preditivos da resposta aos quimioterápicos. OBJETIVO: avaliar a expressão de microRNAs, por PCR em tempo real, no carcinoma mamário ductal invasivo (CDI) triplo negativo. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados materiais em parafina de tumor de 31 pacientes com as seguintes características: carcinoma invasivo de mama, receptores de estrogênio e de progesterona negativos e HER 2 negativo, bem como tecido mamário histologicamente normal. Foram utilizados kit para extração de RNA de amostras fixadas e parafinadas - miRNeasy FFPE; kit para síntese de cDNA - miScript II RT; kit miScript SYBR Green PCR e miScript miRNA PCR Arrays para análise de 84 sequências de miRNA de câncer humano. Foram avaliados dados clínicos, como idade, paridade, amamentação, status menopausal; variáveis histológicas, como tamanho do tumor, status linfonodal, invasão linfática; características imunoistoquímicas, como expressão de Ki-67, EFGR e CK 5/6. O seguimento das pacientes buscou verificar a ocorrência e o tempo de aparecimento de recidiva loco regional, metástase à distância e óbito. Para análise estatística foi utilizado o software miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis, que utiliza o método de quantificação relativa DeltaCt. RESULTADOS: A análise comparativa dos 31 casos de CDI triplo negativo com os 18 casos de parênquima mamário normal definiu microRNAs hiperexpressos, sendo eles: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation(FR) = 9,68, p = 0,000008), miR-21-5p (FR = 4,47, p = 0,00), miR-7-5p (FR = 5,8, p = 0,00137) , miR-182-5p (FR= 7,92, p = 0,000001), miR-210-3p (FR = 11,83, p = 0,000048), miR-18a-5p (FR = 9,51, p = 0,000034), miR-155-5p (FR= 4,40 , p = 0,00019) e miR-93-5p (FR= 4,15, p = 0,000023). Aponta, ainda, microRNAs com hipoexpressão, a saber: miR-204-5p (FR = -10,26, p = 0), miR-205-5p (FR= -4,07, p = 0,019822), miR-125b-5p (FR= -4,29, p=0) e let 7c-5p (FR= -4,91, p=0). CONCLUSÃO: a expressão de microRNAs no carcinoma ductal invasivo triplo negativo permite diferenciá-lo do tecido normalINTRODUCTION: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding protein molecules that regulate gene expression during the translation stage. This adjustment is made by base pairing with the mRNA (messenger RNA) target resulting in suppression of translation or cleavage of the mRNA. Depending on whether miRNAs target tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, they can act as tumor suppressors or oncogenes. The triple negative immunohistochemistry in breast cancer is commonly used as a substitute for clinical identification of basaloid tumors, which are characterized by the expression of basal epithelial genes and are associated with lower rates of disease-free survival and overall survival. The triple negative breast cancer makes necessary the discovery of molecular markers that may serve as therapeutic targets or at least as predictive markers of response to chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE: evaluate the expression of microRNAs by RT-PCR in triple negative breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC). METHODS: Paraffin embedded tumor material from 31 patients with the following characteristics were evaluated: invasive breast carcinoma, negative estrogen and progesterone receptor, negative HER 2, and histologically normal breast tissue. Were used: Kit for RNA extraction from fixed and paraffin embedded samples - miRNeasy FFPE; cDNA synthesis kit - miScript II RT; miScript SYBR Green PCR Kit and miScript miRNA PCR Arrays for analysis of 84 miRNA sequences of human cancer. Clinical data such as age, parity, breastfeeding, menopausal status; histological variables such as tumor size, lymph node status, lymphatic invasion; immunohistochemical characteristics, such as expression of Ki-67, EFGR and CK 5/6 were evaluated. The follow-up of patients aimed to verify the occurrence and time of appearance of loco regional recurrence, distant metastasis and death. For statistical analysis the miScript miRNA PCR Array Data Analysis software, which uses the method of relative quantification DeltaCt, was used. RESULTS: A comparative analysis of 31 cases of triple negative IDC with 18 cases of normal breast parenchyma defined microRNAs overexpressed, as follows: miR-96-5p (fold-regulation (FR) = 9.68, p = 0.000008), miR -21-5p (FR = 4.47, p = 0.00), 5p, miR-7 (FR = 5.8, p = 0.00137), miR-182-5p (FR = 7.92, p = 0.000001), miR-210-3p (FR = 11.83, p = 0.000048), miR-18a-5p (FR = 9.51, p = 0.000034), miR-155-5p (FR = 4.40, p = 0.00019) and miR-93-5p (FR = 4.15, p = 0.000023). Furthermore, microRNAs with reduced expression, as follows: miR-204-5p (FR = -10.26, p = 0), miR-205-5p (FR = -4.07, p = 0.019822), miR -125b-5p (FR = -4.29, p = 0) and Let-7c 5p (FR = -4.91, p = 0). CONCLUSION: the expression of microRNAs in triple negative invasive ductal carcinoma allows to differentiate it from normal tissu

Analysis of the concordance rates between core needle biopsy and surgical excision in patients with breast cancer

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether immunohistochemical marker studies performed on core needle biopsy (CNB) specimens accurately reflect the marker status of the tumor obtained from final surgical specimen. METHODS: This was a retrospective study that used the database of the Division of Mastology of the Hospital das Clínicas, São Paulo, Brazil. Sixty-nine patients submitted to ultrasound-guided CNB diagnosed with breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) on core biopsy specimens was compared to that of excisional biopsy regarding estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal gowth factor receptor 2 gene (HER2), p53, and Ki67. The analysis of the concordance between CNB and surgical biopsy was performed using the kappa (k) coefficient (95% CI). RESULTS: A perfect concordance between the labeling in the surgical specimens and the preoperative biopsies in p53 (k = 1.0; 95% CI: 0.76-1.0) was identified. There was an almost perfect concordance for ER (k = 0.89; 95% CI: 0.65-1.0) and a substantial concordance for PR (k = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.46-0.93). HER2 (k = 0.61; 95% CI: 0.38-0.84) and Ki-67 (k = 0.74; 95% CI: 0.58-0.98) obtained a substantial concordance this analysis. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the immunohistochemical analysis of ER, PR, Ki-67, and p53 from core biopsy specimens provided results that accurately reflect the marker status of the tumor. The concordance rate of HER2 was less consistent; although it produced substantial concordance, values were very close to moderate concordance