Certificación energética de un edificio comercial

La contaminación atmosférica provocada por la edificación ha adquirido en las últimas décadas unos niveles preocupantes, convirtiéndose así en un grave problema para la sociedad. En este proyecto se aplican las medidas impuestas por el gobierno, a través del nuevo Código Técnico de la Edificación (CTE), en materia de ahorro energético en los edificios. El edificio objeto del estudio de aplicación de las medidas de este real decreto es la Torre Espacio de Madrid. Después de presentar la normativa vigente del artículo 15 del CTE (Documento Básico de Ahorro de Energía HE), se ha desarrollado la certificación energética de la Torre Espacio en dos etapas, según establece el Real Decreto 47/2007. En una primera etapa, se verifica el cumplimiento de la limitación de demanda energética del edificio impuesta por la sección HE 1 del Documento Básico de Ahorro de Energía, empleando la aplicación informática oficial LIDER. El método empleado para verificar el cumplimiento de la limitación de la demanda se llama "auto-referente", ya que el programa indica indirectamente el consumo del edificio, comparando el edificio en estudio con un edificio de referencia. El edificio de referencia se obtiene a partir del edificio objeto sustituyendo la envolvente del edificio por otra envolvente que está en el límite del cumplimiento de la exigencia HE 1. Los resultados del programa LIDER demuestran que el centro cumple con la normativa establecida tanto en calefacción como en refrigeración. Las demandas de calefacción y de refrigeración son respectivamente de un 11% y un 89% respecto a las del edificio de referencia. En una segunda etapa, se ha obtenido la calificación energética del edificio, empleando la herramienta informática de referencia CALENER_GT. El consumo del edificio de energía primaria es de 14402,26 MWh por año y las emisiones del edificio son de 7587,24652 Toneladas CO2 por año. El índice global de emisiones de CO2 del centro es 0,38, lo que otorga al edificio una clase de eficiencia energética A. Esto significa que las emisiones totales del edificio mejoran en un 62% las permitidas por la normativa. Por último, y tras estudiar los resultados de la calificación, se han aplicado mejoras sobre la instalación de iluminación, lográndose una reducción del 16,18% de las emisiones de CO2 así como de la energía primaria requerida por el centro y obteniéndose un índice global de 0.31 que mantiene la clase A de eficiencia energética, pero la mejora. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________Air pollution in the building sector has reached in the last decades problematic levels, thus becoming a serious problem for society. In this final project are applied the measures imposed by the government, through the new Construction Technical Code (CTE), on energy savings in buildings. Space Tower in Madrid is the building in which we will apply the measures imposed by the CTE. Once the regulations of the fifteen article in CTE (Basic Document of Energy Saving) were detailed, we have developed the energy certification in two stages, like the Royal Decree 47/2007 establish. In the first stage, we verified the fulfillment of the building restrictions on energy demands imposed by the HE 1 section of the Basic Document of Energy Saving, using the official software named LIDER. The method employed to verify the fulfillment of the building restrictions on energy demands is named "self-respect", because the software indicates the building demands indirectly, making a comparison between the studied building and the reference building. The referent building is obtained thanks to the substitution of the building walls for other walls given by the limit of HE 1 exigency fulfillment. LIDER results prove that the building complies with the regulations established both in heating and cooling. Heating and cooling demands means an 11% and an 89% of the referent building demands. In the second stage, we obtained the energy rating of the building, employing the official software named CALENER_GT. The building’s demand of primary energy is 14402,26 Megawatts hour per year and emissions are 7587,24652 tons CO2 per year. The global ratio of CO2 building’s emissions is 0.38, which gives to building an energy efficiency class A. This means that the total emissions of the building are lower than the ones permitted by the regulations in 62%. Finally, after studying the results of the qualification, there were implemented improvements over the light system of the building, achieving a reduction of 16,18% of CO2 emissions as well as the primary energy required by the building, obtaining a global ratio of 0.31, which gives to the building the same energy efficiency class, A.Ingeniería Técnica en Electricida

JUGAR PARA COMPRAR

Trabajo Fin de Grado leído en la Universidad Rey Juan Carlos en el curso académico 2023/2024. Directores/as: Gloria Gómez-Escalonilla MorenoEl presente trabajo pone el enfoque en la gamificación como estrategia de comunicación aplicada a la marca Shein. La investigación se centra en analizar el impacto de las funcionalidades inspiradas en juegos que intervienen en la experiencia de compra del usuario, prestando especial atención en la influencia que esta tiene sobre la generación Z. Se busca examinar las diversas técnicas de gamificación implementadas por Shein, y observar en qué medida estas contribuyen a la lealtad del cliente, el fortalecimiento de la identidad de marca y, en última instancia, al incremento de la participación de la generación Z

Using popular social network sites to support requirements elicitation, prioritization and negotiation

Social networks have changed our daily life and they have the potential to significantly influence and support Requirements Engineering (RE) activities. Social network-based RE approaches will allow us to overcome limitations of traditional approaches and allow end users to play a more prominent role in RE. They are key stakeholders in many software projects. However, involving end users is challenging, particularly when they are not within organizational reach. The goal of our work is to increase end user involvement in RE. In this paper we present an approach where we harness a social network to perform RE activities such as elicitation, prioritization and negotiation. Our approach was applied in three studies where students used Facebook to actively participate in RE activities of different projects. Although there are limitations, the results show that a popular social network site can support distributed RE

Action-based synthesis of parental brain consciousness

AbstractParenting consciousness, in line with passive frame theory, may be considered inseparable from action. With combined brain-imaging and cognitive-behavioral analyses, we are in the early phases of understanding how parental brain circuits regulate parental thoughts and behavior. Furthermore, work on parental consciousness confirms the importance of motor outputs and outlines related circuits that inform consciousness across generations.</jats:p

Improving Lesion Location Reproducibility in Handheld Breast Ultrasound

Interoperator variability in the reproducibility of breast lesions found by handheld ultrasound (HHUS) can significantly interfere with clinical care. This study analyzed the features associated with breast mass position differences during HHUS. The ability of operators to reproduce the position of small masses and the time required to generate annotations with and without a computer-assisted scanning device (DEVICE) were also evaluated. This prospective study included 28 patients with 34 benign or probably benign small breast masses. Two operators generated manual and automated position annotations for each mass. The probe and body positions were systematically varied during scanning with the DEVICE, and the features describing mass movement were used in three logistic regression models trained to discriminate small from large breast mass displacements (cutoff: 10 mm). All models successfully discriminated small from large breast mass displacements (areas under the curve: 0.78 to 0.82). The interoperator localization precision was 6.6 &plusmn; 2.8 mm with DEVICE guidance and 19.9 &plusmn; 16.1 mm with manual annotations. Computer-assisted scanning reduced the time to annotate and reidentify a mass by 33 and 46 s on average, respectively. The results demonstrated that breast mass location reproducibility and exam efficiency improved by controlling operator actionable features with computer-assisted HHUS