Estudio epidemiológico de la infección por "Anaplasma phagopcytophilum, A. marginale, A. Centrale, Babesia bigemina, B. divergens y Theileria annulata" en ganado vacuno en extensivo de la Comunidad de Madrid

Las enfermedades de transmisión vectorial en el bovino tienen una gran repercusión económica y sobre la salud y bienestar de los animales y, sin embargo, muchas de las características de su epidemiología o, incluso, de su patogenia siguen sin esclarecerse. En este sentido, son escasos los estudios que han tratado de analizar la infección por estos agentes en el bovino del centro de España, por lo que en la presente tesis doctoral se ha tratado de evaluar la importancia epidemiológica de Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma marginale, Anaplasma centrale, Babesia bigemina, Babesia divergens y Theileria annulata en el ganado vacuno mantenido en condiciones de pastoreo en las diferentes regiones climáticas de la Comunidad de Madrid.Para ello, se ha incluido una muestra representativa del censo ganadero en extensivo de esta región del centro peninsular que, por las características propias de su sistema de manejo, podría encontrarse expuesto a la infección por diferentes agentes de transmisión vectorial. El número total de bovinos incluidos en este trabajo de investigación fue de 496, de los que se recogieron muestras sanguíneas que fueron analizadas empleando métodos moleculares (reacción en cadena de la polimerasa) para determinar la prevalencia de los agentes de interés. Asimismo, se realizaron hematología y bioquímica sanguínea básicas y se recogieron datos sobre la reseña de los animales, el entorno en el que se encontraban, el momento del muestreo y las características del sistema de manejo empleado..

Visión actual de la apicultura en españa

La apicultura es una actividad agropecuaria orientada a la cría de abejas para obtener beneficios derivados de la venta de los productos apícolas y de la acción polinizadora en los cultivos. Es un sector que se distribuye principalmente en Castilla y León con el 16% del total de explotaciones, de las cuales la mayoría son no profesionales y estantes. Le siguen en importancia Galicia con el 14,3% de explotaciones, y Andalucía con el 13%, donde están a la par las colmenas profesionales y no profesionales con trashumancia. Dentro del panorama comunitario, España ocupa el primer lugar en el censo con un 17,1% del total de colmenas de Europa, con un volumen exportador del 27,9%; los destinos principales son Francia y Alemania. En el plano extracomunitario, España importa miel de China y Argentina ocupando el 5º lugar (3,4%) de las importaciones a nivel mundial. No obstante el nivel de autoabastecimiento español alcanza un 88,2%.The beekeeping is a farming activity orientated to the young of bees in order to obtain benefits derived from the sale of apicultural products and the pollinating action on the cultivates. It’s a sector distributed mainly in Castilla and Leon with 16% of the total of operations, of which the majority is nonprofessional and permanent. They are followed in importance by Galicia with 14.3% of operations, and Andalucia with 13% where the non professional beehives with seasonal migrations are similar.Within the communitarian perspective, Spain occupies the first place in the census with the 17.1% of the total of beehives of Europe, with an exporting volume of 27,9%; the main destinies are France and Germany. In the extracommunitarian plane, Spain imports honey from China and Argentina occupying the fifth place (3.4%) of the imports at world-wide level. Despite the level of Spanish self-supplying it reaches a 88.2%

Molecular detection of Hepatozoon spp. and Cytauxzoon sp. in domestic and stray cats from Madrid, Spain

Submitted by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-01-30T11:44:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Díaz-Regañón_etal_INI_2017.pdf: 425178 bytes, checksum: fd2f2bac025ebe236247ad290ea5a4c9 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Janaína Nascimento ([email protected]) on 2019-02-05T11:05:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Díaz-Regañón_etal_INI_2017.pdf: 425178 bytes, checksum: fd2f2bac025ebe236247ad290ea5a4c9 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-05T11:05:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ve_Díaz-Regañón_etal_INI_2017.pdf: 425178 bytes, checksum: fd2f2bac025ebe236247ad290ea5a4c9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017Complutense University of Madrid. College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery. Madrid, Spain.Complutense University of Madrid. College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery. Madrid, Spain.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Complutense University of Madrid. College of Veterinary Medicine. Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery. Madrid, Spain.Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Koret School of Veterinary Medicine. Rehovot, Israel.Background: Different species of apicomplexan protozoans of the genera Hepatozoon and Cytauxzoon can infect domestic cats, but their epidemiology and clinical relevance are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to assess the molecular prevalence of Hepatozoon spp. and Cytauxzoon spp. and to identify associated risk factors and clinical and laboratory abnormalities in a population of cats from Madrid, Spain. Methods: Six hundred and forty-four client-owned and stray cats from Madrid, Spain, were included in this study. DNA samples were analyzed by two polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests to detect a partial sequence of the 18S rRNA gene of Hepatozoon spp. and Cytauxzoon spp. In order to evaluate possible associations between infection by these protozoans and epidemiological or clinical parameters, data were collected related to: the season of sample collection, age, gender, spayed/neutered status, breed, living area, lifestyle, outdoor access, contact with other animals, prey on wild animals, history of tick or flea infestation, travel history, ectoparasiticide treatment, previous blood transfusion, previous tetracycline administration in the last 60 days, Feline Leukemia virus (FeLV) and Feline Immunodeficiency virus (FIV) status, positivity to other vector-borne diseases, the presence or absence of clinical signs and hematological or biochemical alterations. Results: DNA of Hepatozoon spp. and Cytauxzoon sp. was amplified from the blood of 10 (1.6%) and 8 (1.2%) cats, respectively. Previous treatment with tetracyclines in the last 60 days, previous administration of blood transfusion, a decrease in haematocrit and an increase in creatinine were associated with Hepatozoon spp. infection. Cytauxzoon sp. infection was more frequent in samples collected during the winter months and in cats living in rural areas. This infection was associated with a FIV-positive status. Some of the cats that were positive for Hepatozoon spp. or Cytauxzoon sp. had been exposed to other vector-borne pathogens, such as Ehrlichia canis and Bartonella henselae. Conclusions: Our results indicate that cats from Madrid, central Spain, are infected with Hepatozoon spp. and Cytauxzoon sp., although with a low prevalence. Further studies are needed to determine the virulence of these agents in Spanish cats

Peripheral and intestinal T lymphocyte subsets in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathy

Abbreviations: BCS, body condition score; BSA, bovine serum albumin; CBC, complete blood count; CCECAI, clinical canine chronic enteropathy activity index; CD, clusters of differentiation;CIBDAI, clinical IBD activity index; CIE, chronic inflammatory enteropathy; CVMTH, Complutense Veterinary Medicine Teaching Hospital; DTT, 1,4-dithiothreitol; EDTA,ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; FBS, fetal bovine serum; FC, flow cytometry; GALT, gut-associated lymphoid tissue; GI, gastrointestinal; HBSS, Hank's Buffered Salt Solution; HC, healthycontrol; IBD, inflammatory bowel disease; IEL, intraepithelial lymphocyte; IFN-γ, interferon-gamma; IL, interleukin; IRE, immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy; LPL, lamina proprialymphocyte; mAbs, monoclonal antibodies; NLR, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PBL, peripheral blood lymphocyte; PBMCs, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline;PLR, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio; SII, systemic immune-inflammation index; SRE, steroid-responsive enteropathy; Tc, T cytotoxic; Th, T helper; TLI, trypsin-like immunoreactivity; Treg,regulatory T cells; WSAVA, World Small Animal Veterinary Association.Background: Dysregulated T lymphocyte response is thought to play a key role inchronic intestinal inflammation (CIE). Objectives: To evaluate the presence of changes in peripheral and intestinal T lym-phocyte subsets and to describe potential immune and inflammatory biomarkers indogs with CIE. Animals: Sixteen healthy dogs and 26 dogs were diagnosed with CIE. Methods: Prospective case-control study evaluating peripheral and intestinal T lym-phocytes using flow cytometry and inflammatory markers obtained from completeblood cell counts. Results: Dogs with CIE had higher peripheral activated T helper (Th) lymphocytes(87/μL [18-273] CIE, 44/μL [16-162] healthy control (HC,P=.013) and regulatory Tcells (Treg; 108/μL [2-257] CIE, 34/μL [1-114] HC,P=.004). In the intestinal epithe-lium, CIE dogs presented lower percentages of Th (4.55% [1.75-18.67] CIE, 8.77%[3.79-25.03] HC,P=.002), activated Th cells (0.16% [0.02-0.83] CIE, 0.33%[0.05-0.57] HC,P=.03) and CD4/CD8 ratio (0.08 [0.02-0.39] CIE, 0.21 [0.07-0.85]HC,P=.003). Conversely, higher percentage of activated T cytotoxic cells (20.24%[3.12-77.12] CIE, 12.32% [1.21-39.22] HC,P=.04) and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)producing T lymphocytes (7.36% [0.63-55.83] CIE, 1.44% [0.00-10.56] HC,P=.01) within the epithelium was observed. In the lamina propria the percentage of Treglymphocytes was higher (6.02% [1.00-21.48] CIE, 3.52% [0.18-10.52] HC,P=.02). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Systemic and intestinal immune alterationsoccur in dogs with CIE suggesting that blood IFN-γproducing T lymphocytes and the systemic immune-inflamation index (SII) could potentially serve as biomarkers for the disease.Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Medicina y Cirugía AnimalFac. de VeterinariaTRUEpu