Depression among Sesotho speakers in Mangaung, South Africa

Objective: Depression will be the most common mental disorder by 2020, and it is also expected to be the second leading cause of disability, after cardiac diseases. Moreover, depression is likely to be a major public health burden in the future. This study evaluates the influences of culture on the symptoms of depression among Sesotho speakers. Method: An evaluation of a sample of 100 participants diagnosed with depression was conducted, using the Psychiatric Interview Questionnaire. Results: It was found that depression among Sesotho speakers is manifested in three areas: somatic symptoms, perceptual disturbances and disturbances of the thought processes. Conclusion: Since it has become clear, on the basis of the investigation, that depression is a culturally diverse phenomenon, the authors also recommend that research in this regard should be conducted from a multidisciplinary perspective, so that other paradigms, including those of sociology and anthropology, can also be included.African Psychiatry Review Vol. 11 (1) 2008: pp. 35-4

Occurrence of <I>Botrytis cinerea </I>and <I>Monilinia laxa </I>on nectarine and plum in Western Cape orchards, South Africa

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Suppression of Pythium and Phytophthora damping-off of rooibos by compost and a combination of compost and nonpathogenic <I>Pythium </I>taxa

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Occurrence of <I>Botrytis cinerea </I>and subsequent disease expression at different positions on leaves and bunches of grape

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Genotypic variation of fruit quality traits related to consumer appeal in apple breeding families

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Phytotoxicity of fumonisins and TA-toxin to corn and tomato

The phytotoxic effects of 5 fumonisin mycotoxins produced by Fusarium moniliforme [Gibberella fujikuroi], i.e., fumonisin A1 (FA1), A2 (FA2), B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2) and B3 (FB3), together with the aminopolyol hydrolysis products of FB1 and FB2 (AP1 and AP2, respectively) and tricarballylic acid (TCA) were compared with the host-specific phytotoxin TA-toxin (TA) produced by Alternaria alternata f.sp. lycopersici. A leaf assay was performed on detached leaves of the tomato genotypes Asc/Asc (tolerant of TA) and asc/asc (sensitive to TA) at 4 concn (0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µsmallcap˜M) of each toxin. Seedlings of maize cultivars A1849W and PNR 473 and the 2 tomato genotypes were also used to assay TA, FB1, FB2 and FB3. The fumonisins caused leaf necrosis identical to that caused by TA and FB1, FB2, FB3, and TA caused significantly (P=0.01) more necrosis than the other metabolites tested. Sterile distilled water (control) and TCA caused no necrosis. Significantly (P=0.01) more necrosis was observed on the asc/asc genotype compared with the Asc/Asc genotype. There was no significant (P>0.05) difference between necrosis caused by autoclaved metabolites and that caused by nonautoclaved metabolites. The fumonisins caused dose-dependent reductions in shoot and root length and dry mass of maize and tomato seedlings identical to those caused by TA. The results indicated that TA and FB1 are more toxic to seedlings than are FB2 and FB3. The effects of all 4 toxins were more pronounced on seedlings of the sensitive tomato genotype asc/asc than on the tolerant genotype Asc/Asc. No significant differences were recorded in the reaction of the 2 maize cultivars. The structural similarity of the fumonisin B mycotoxins and TA is therefore reflected by their phytotoxicity to detached tomato leaves as well as to maize and tomato seedlings